Firstly, the hydrological and meteorological features of the upper reaches of the Yellow River above Tangnag are analyzed based on observation data, and effects of EI Nino and La Ni na events on the high and low flow ...Firstly, the hydrological and meteorological features of the upper reaches of the Yellow River above Tangnag are analyzed based on observation data, and effects of EI Nino and La Ni na events on the high and low flow in the upper Yellow River are discussed. The results show El Nino and La Nina events possess consanguineous relationship wi th runoff in the upper Yellow River. As a whole, the probability of low fl ow occurrence in the upper Yellow River is relatively great along wit h the occurrence of El Nino event. Moreover, the flood in the upper Yellow River occurs frequently with the occurrence of La Nina event. Besides, the results also show dissimilarity of El Nino event occurri ng time exerts greater impact on high flow and low flow in the uppe r Yellow River, that is, the probability of drought will be greater in the sam e year if El Nino event occurs in spring, the high-flow may happen in this y ear if El Nino occurs in summer or autumn; the longer the continuous period of El Nino is, the lower the runoff in the upper Yellow River is.展开更多
End stage-renal-disease (ESRD) is associated with dyslipidemia and premature atherosclerosis. The study evaluates the effect of hemodialysis (HD) on HDL-remodeling between pre- and post-HD. Was conducted a cross-secti...End stage-renal-disease (ESRD) is associated with dyslipidemia and premature atherosclerosis. The study evaluates the effect of hemodialysis (HD) on HDL-remodeling between pre- and post-HD. Was conducted a cross-sectional study with 50 ESRD male patients, undergoing HD at Ana Neri Hospital, Salvador, Brazil. All individuals were on HD for at least 3 months, into a three sessions protocol for 3 - 4 hours per week, with a polysulfone low-flow basic-dialyzing-membrane and unfractionated-heparin. HDL Phospholipid-incorporation was measured by 14C-PL-scintillation-counting, expressed as %14C-PL/mL/hour. Paraoxonase (PON-1) activity was measured by spectrophotometry using paraoxon as substrate. Cardiovascular risk ratios and atherogenic index of plasma were calculated. Total cholesterol, HDL-C and non-HDL-C increased at post-HD on all age groups, but without triglycerides (TG) changes. TG/HDL-C decreased in 30 - 39 and 40 - 49 year (y) at post-HD (p 0.05). LDL-C/apoB increased in >60 y, after HD (p < 0.05). HDL-C/apo-AI increased in 40 - 49 y (p 0.05) and >60 (p 0.01). On the other hand, non-HDL-C/HDL-C reduced in 40 - 49 and >60 y, at post-HD (p 0.05). The linear-correlation between %14C-PL-incorporation and non-HDL-C/HDL-C was negative in 30 - 39 y, both at pre-HD (r = -0.90;p = 0.002) and post-HD (r = -0.78;p = 0.022). Linear-correlation between PON-1 and %14C-PL-incorporation was positive in >60 y, both at pre- (r = 0.63;p = 0.029) and post-HD (r = 0.65;p = 0.022). PON-1 activity increased at pre- (59 ± 30) and post-HD (73 ± 38) in 50 - 59 y (p 0.05). The %14C-PL-incorporation was reduced in >60 y (p 0.05), when compared to pre- and post-HD. ESRD patients undergoing HD shows important changes on lipid-profile, PON-1-activity, cardiac risk ratios and HDL-remodeling. These results demonstrate the influence of HD with a polysulfone low-flow basic-dialyzing-membrane and unfractionated-heparin on lipoprotein metabolism.展开更多
Objective to analyze the value of low-flow sevoflurane in anesthesia maintenance during laparoscopic surgery to maintain the stability of patients signs during operation and ensure the safety of patients after operati...Objective to analyze the value of low-flow sevoflurane in anesthesia maintenance during laparoscopic surgery to maintain the stability of patients signs during operation and ensure the safety of patients after operation. Methods: 60 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery in our hospital from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected as samples. After they were enrolled into the group, they were divided into standardized groups, and different anesthesia schemes were given to carry out the comparative analysis, namely the control group (Levantin anesthesia maintenance) and the observation group (low flow sevoflurane anesthesia maintenance). Statistic the differences of anesthesia indexes of different groups of samples, and the effects of different anesthesia schemes on the changes of patients signs and safety. Results: the time required for each stage of anesthesia in the two groups was measured. The results showed that the clinical indexes of the patients in the observation group were better, the time of onset of anesthesia, complete block, and the time required for patients to wake up after operation were shorter, and the dosage of anesthetic drugs was lower (P 0.05). Before anesthesia induction, there was no significant difference in baseline data (including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure) among patient groups (P > 0.05). After anesthesia, the patients physical signs were monitored again before and 10 minutes after the establishment of pneumoperitoneum, all of which showed that the changes of the patients physical signs in the observation group were more stable, with significant difference compared with the control group (P 0.05). The indexes of heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the immediate observation group were better, P 0.05. The incidence of unsafe events during and after operation in the two groups was evaluated. The evaluation value of the observation group was 6.67%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group by 26.67%, P 0.05. Conclusion: low-flow sevoflurane is adopted in anesthesia maintenance scheme of laparoscopic surgery, which has significant value in maintaining the stability of patients signs during operation and ensuring the safety of patients after operation.展开更多
The article is dedicated to the analysis and modeling of the operation modes of low-flow wells with extended horizontal wellbore(HW)and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing(MHF)during artificial lift with an electric subm...The article is dedicated to the analysis and modeling of the operation modes of low-flow wells with extended horizontal wellbore(HW)and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing(MHF)during artificial lift with an electric submersible pump(ESP).A comprehensive analysis of the operation modes of Bazhenov formation wells with HW and MHF,working with ESP,has been conducted.Complications in the operation of ESP in such wells,related to proppant carryover,constant productivity decline,and gas factor growth,are shown,and operational data of various types of ESP in wells with complex con-struction are provided.One of the main parts of the manuscript is the new methodology for creating a model of multiphase transient flow in a well with ESP operating in periodic short-term activation(PSA)mode using specialized software.Various approaches for numerical modeling of transient multiphase flows in a well with ESP and a bottomhole separator were used to accurately describe the physical processes.Difficulties that may arise during well operation were demonstrated through the analysis of field data and numerical modeling results.The work includes modeling of complications in HW due to proppant carryover from MHF fractures,resulting in flow blockage in the well.The article demonstrates the process of tuning transient operation modes of a well with ESP in PSA mode using specialized software based on real field data(multiphase flowmeter,pressure gauges,etc.),taking into account the well construction,ESP characteristics,additional equipment(valves,separator,etc.),and reservoir pa-rameters.The model was tuned to actual data,and possible ways of optimizing the operation mode were shown.In addition,the work provides an analysis of the sensitivity of fluid properties and well pa-rameters to non-stationary flow in the well.展开更多
为兼顾“双碳”目标与能源保供底线,提升能源系统源荷侧降碳能力,在有效挖掘系统降碳潜能的同时,缓解火电装机总量增长与风电消纳之间的矛盾,文章将绿氨生产、氨煤混燃以及多种灵活性资源结合构成绿氨耦合发电单元,同时考虑碳捕集等低...为兼顾“双碳”目标与能源保供底线,提升能源系统源荷侧降碳能力,在有效挖掘系统降碳潜能的同时,缓解火电装机总量增长与风电消纳之间的矛盾,文章将绿氨生产、氨煤混燃以及多种灵活性资源结合构成绿氨耦合发电单元,同时考虑碳捕集等低碳技术,并应用碳排放流理论,提出了考虑绿氨替代与多元阶梯碳势需求响应的综合能源虚拟电厂(integrated energy virtual power plant,IEVPP)低碳经济调度模型,以降低系统碳排放并提升系统经济性。首先,将绿氨替代作为解决风电供用能不匹配问题的手段,并将其与燃煤机组掺氨技术结合,分析其能量流动与低碳特性;其次,将电-碳-氢-氨多元耦合过程引入IEVPP,从而促进了风电消纳,提升了系统调节能力;最后,依托碳排放流理论,通过动态碳排放因子提出了多元阶梯碳势需求响应模型,从源荷两侧充分挖掘系统降碳潜能。算例仿真分析结果表明,所构建的考虑绿氨替代IEVPP联合多元阶梯碳势需求响应可有效降低系统碳排放量,提升系统经济性。展开更多
基金Knowledge Innovation Project of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute of CAS, No.210100, No.210016 Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX1-10-03National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.4
文摘Firstly, the hydrological and meteorological features of the upper reaches of the Yellow River above Tangnag are analyzed based on observation data, and effects of EI Nino and La Ni na events on the high and low flow in the upper Yellow River are discussed. The results show El Nino and La Nina events possess consanguineous relationship wi th runoff in the upper Yellow River. As a whole, the probability of low fl ow occurrence in the upper Yellow River is relatively great along wit h the occurrence of El Nino event. Moreover, the flood in the upper Yellow River occurs frequently with the occurrence of La Nina event. Besides, the results also show dissimilarity of El Nino event occurri ng time exerts greater impact on high flow and low flow in the uppe r Yellow River, that is, the probability of drought will be greater in the sam e year if El Nino event occurs in spring, the high-flow may happen in this y ear if El Nino occurs in summer or autumn; the longer the continuous period of El Nino is, the lower the runoff in the upper Yellow River is.
文摘End stage-renal-disease (ESRD) is associated with dyslipidemia and premature atherosclerosis. The study evaluates the effect of hemodialysis (HD) on HDL-remodeling between pre- and post-HD. Was conducted a cross-sectional study with 50 ESRD male patients, undergoing HD at Ana Neri Hospital, Salvador, Brazil. All individuals were on HD for at least 3 months, into a three sessions protocol for 3 - 4 hours per week, with a polysulfone low-flow basic-dialyzing-membrane and unfractionated-heparin. HDL Phospholipid-incorporation was measured by 14C-PL-scintillation-counting, expressed as %14C-PL/mL/hour. Paraoxonase (PON-1) activity was measured by spectrophotometry using paraoxon as substrate. Cardiovascular risk ratios and atherogenic index of plasma were calculated. Total cholesterol, HDL-C and non-HDL-C increased at post-HD on all age groups, but without triglycerides (TG) changes. TG/HDL-C decreased in 30 - 39 and 40 - 49 year (y) at post-HD (p 0.05). LDL-C/apoB increased in >60 y, after HD (p < 0.05). HDL-C/apo-AI increased in 40 - 49 y (p 0.05) and >60 (p 0.01). On the other hand, non-HDL-C/HDL-C reduced in 40 - 49 and >60 y, at post-HD (p 0.05). The linear-correlation between %14C-PL-incorporation and non-HDL-C/HDL-C was negative in 30 - 39 y, both at pre-HD (r = -0.90;p = 0.002) and post-HD (r = -0.78;p = 0.022). Linear-correlation between PON-1 and %14C-PL-incorporation was positive in >60 y, both at pre- (r = 0.63;p = 0.029) and post-HD (r = 0.65;p = 0.022). PON-1 activity increased at pre- (59 ± 30) and post-HD (73 ± 38) in 50 - 59 y (p 0.05). The %14C-PL-incorporation was reduced in >60 y (p 0.05), when compared to pre- and post-HD. ESRD patients undergoing HD shows important changes on lipid-profile, PON-1-activity, cardiac risk ratios and HDL-remodeling. These results demonstrate the influence of HD with a polysulfone low-flow basic-dialyzing-membrane and unfractionated-heparin on lipoprotein metabolism.
文摘Objective to analyze the value of low-flow sevoflurane in anesthesia maintenance during laparoscopic surgery to maintain the stability of patients signs during operation and ensure the safety of patients after operation. Methods: 60 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery in our hospital from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected as samples. After they were enrolled into the group, they were divided into standardized groups, and different anesthesia schemes were given to carry out the comparative analysis, namely the control group (Levantin anesthesia maintenance) and the observation group (low flow sevoflurane anesthesia maintenance). Statistic the differences of anesthesia indexes of different groups of samples, and the effects of different anesthesia schemes on the changes of patients signs and safety. Results: the time required for each stage of anesthesia in the two groups was measured. The results showed that the clinical indexes of the patients in the observation group were better, the time of onset of anesthesia, complete block, and the time required for patients to wake up after operation were shorter, and the dosage of anesthetic drugs was lower (P 0.05). Before anesthesia induction, there was no significant difference in baseline data (including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure) among patient groups (P > 0.05). After anesthesia, the patients physical signs were monitored again before and 10 minutes after the establishment of pneumoperitoneum, all of which showed that the changes of the patients physical signs in the observation group were more stable, with significant difference compared with the control group (P 0.05). The indexes of heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the immediate observation group were better, P 0.05. The incidence of unsafe events during and after operation in the two groups was evaluated. The evaluation value of the observation group was 6.67%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group by 26.67%, P 0.05. Conclusion: low-flow sevoflurane is adopted in anesthesia maintenance scheme of laparoscopic surgery, which has significant value in maintaining the stability of patients signs during operation and ensuring the safety of patients after operation.
文摘The article is dedicated to the analysis and modeling of the operation modes of low-flow wells with extended horizontal wellbore(HW)and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing(MHF)during artificial lift with an electric submersible pump(ESP).A comprehensive analysis of the operation modes of Bazhenov formation wells with HW and MHF,working with ESP,has been conducted.Complications in the operation of ESP in such wells,related to proppant carryover,constant productivity decline,and gas factor growth,are shown,and operational data of various types of ESP in wells with complex con-struction are provided.One of the main parts of the manuscript is the new methodology for creating a model of multiphase transient flow in a well with ESP operating in periodic short-term activation(PSA)mode using specialized software.Various approaches for numerical modeling of transient multiphase flows in a well with ESP and a bottomhole separator were used to accurately describe the physical processes.Difficulties that may arise during well operation were demonstrated through the analysis of field data and numerical modeling results.The work includes modeling of complications in HW due to proppant carryover from MHF fractures,resulting in flow blockage in the well.The article demonstrates the process of tuning transient operation modes of a well with ESP in PSA mode using specialized software based on real field data(multiphase flowmeter,pressure gauges,etc.),taking into account the well construction,ESP characteristics,additional equipment(valves,separator,etc.),and reservoir pa-rameters.The model was tuned to actual data,and possible ways of optimizing the operation mode were shown.In addition,the work provides an analysis of the sensitivity of fluid properties and well pa-rameters to non-stationary flow in the well.
文摘为兼顾“双碳”目标与能源保供底线,提升能源系统源荷侧降碳能力,在有效挖掘系统降碳潜能的同时,缓解火电装机总量增长与风电消纳之间的矛盾,文章将绿氨生产、氨煤混燃以及多种灵活性资源结合构成绿氨耦合发电单元,同时考虑碳捕集等低碳技术,并应用碳排放流理论,提出了考虑绿氨替代与多元阶梯碳势需求响应的综合能源虚拟电厂(integrated energy virtual power plant,IEVPP)低碳经济调度模型,以降低系统碳排放并提升系统经济性。首先,将绿氨替代作为解决风电供用能不匹配问题的手段,并将其与燃煤机组掺氨技术结合,分析其能量流动与低碳特性;其次,将电-碳-氢-氨多元耦合过程引入IEVPP,从而促进了风电消纳,提升了系统调节能力;最后,依托碳排放流理论,通过动态碳排放因子提出了多元阶梯碳势需求响应模型,从源荷两侧充分挖掘系统降碳潜能。算例仿真分析结果表明,所构建的考虑绿氨替代IEVPP联合多元阶梯碳势需求响应可有效降低系统碳排放量,提升系统经济性。
