摘要
2025年汉江流域呈现“先枯后丰、旱涝急转”走势:1月—7月汉江上游降雨来水持续偏少,遭遇最极端枯水;8月25日以后旱涝迅速转换,汉江接连形成2025年7次编号洪水,遭遇1961年以来最密集秋汛。水利部门坚持旱涝同防同治,充分利用“天空地水工”一体化监测感知系统、数字孪生长江智慧防洪抗旱系统和汉江防洪“四预”系统,坚持流域统筹、系统思维,长江、汉江联动,“一个流量、一立方米库容、一厘米水位”精准实施水工程统一联合调度,充分发挥三峡、丹江口和引江济汉等骨干水库及引调水工程防洪抗旱减灾效益,相关省(直辖市)和部门、企业协同配合,有效应对了最极端枯水和最密集秋汛,有力保障了防洪和供水安全,丹江口水库大坝加高后第3次蓄至170 m正常蓄水位,2025年汉江水旱灾害防御取得全面胜利。
In 2025,the Hanjiang River basin exhibited a hydrological pattern characterized by“initial extreme drought followed by abrupt transition to floods”.From January to July,the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River experienced persistently below-average rainfall and water inflow,resulting in the most extreme low-flow conditions.After August 25,drought rapidly shifted to flood conditions,and the Hanjiang successively experienced seven numbered flood events in 2025,marking the most concentrated autumn flood season since 1961.Water authorities adhered to an integrated approach to drought and flood prevention and control,fully utilizing the integrated“space-air-ground-water-engineering”monitoring and perception system,the digital twin Yangtze River intelligent flood control and drought mitigation system,and the Hanjiang flood control“four pre”system.Guided by basin-wide coordination and systems thinking,and through coordinated operation of the Yangtze and Hanjiang rivers,joint and unified regulation of water projects was implemented with high precision at the level of“each unit of discharge,each cubic meter of storage,and each centimeter of water level”.The flood control,drought relief,and disaster mitigation benefits of key reservoirs and water diversion projects,including the Three Gorges Reservoir,Danjiangkou Reservoir,and the Yangtze-to-Hanjiang Water Diversion Project,were fully realized.With close coordination among relevant provinces(municipalities),government departments,and enterprises,the most extreme low-flow event and the most concentrated autumn floods were effectively managed,ensuring flood control and water supply security.Following dam heightening,the Danjiangkou Reservoir reached its normal impoundment level of 170 m for the third time,marking a comprehensive victory in flood and drought disaster prevention in the Hanjiang River basin in 2025.
作者
骆进军
王为
LUO Jinjun;WANG Wei(Department of Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100053,China)
出处
《中国水利》
2026年第1期36-44,共9页
China Water Resources
关键词
汉江
枯水
秋汛
丹江口
应急水量调度
统一联合调度
数字孪生汉江
the Hanjiang River
low flow
autumn flood
Danjiangkou Reservoir
emergency water dispatch
unified joint regulation
digital twin Hanjiang
