Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in mariti...Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in maritime shipping using the levelized cost of energy methodology.It includes a detailed comparative analysis based on essential criteria and sensitivity assessments to highlight the economic impacts of technological advancements.Key factors influencing total costs include fuel costs,carbon pricing,and energy demands for carbon capture.The findings reveal that methanol is more cost-effective than heavy fuel oil(HFO)when priced below 3000 CNY/t,assuming HFO costs 4400 CNY/t.Additionally,methanol with post-combustion carbon capture is less expensive than pre-combustion carbon capture.When carbon prices rise above 480 CNY/t,carbon capture technologies prove more economical than purchasing carbon emission allowances for HFO and liquefied natural gas.Enhanc-ing the use of exhaust gas waste heat is recommended for cost savings.Post-combustion carbon capture also shows greater efficiency,requiring about 1.1 GJ/t less energy than pre-combustion methods,leading to lower overall costs.Future research should focus on market mechanisms to stabilize fuel prices and develop less energy-intensive carbon capture technologies.This study offers critical insights into effective decarbonization strategies for advancing global maritime trade in the present and future.展开更多
The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Zr deoxidized low carbon microalloyed steel after‘quenching+tempering’(Q+T)and‘quenching+intercritical quenching+tempering’(Q+IQ+T)heat treatment were analyzed us...The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Zr deoxidized low carbon microalloyed steel after‘quenching+tempering’(Q+T)and‘quenching+intercritical quenching+tempering’(Q+IQ+T)heat treatment were analyzed using the metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscope,electron probe microanalyzer,electronic universal testing machine and impact testing machine.The effect of element segregation band after hot rolling on the anisotropy of microstructure and mechanical properties of subsequent heat treatment was investigated.The results show that the essence of improving the banded structure by oxide metallurgy technology in the hot rolling process is to promote the formation of intragranular ferrite to break the bainite band,but the element segregation band produced during hot rolling will be inherited to the subsequent heat treatment process.After Q+T heat treatment,the microstructure is mainly martensite,and there is no obvious banded structure.The shear transformation of martensite weakens the influence of alloying element segregation and avoids the directionality of microstructure and the anisotropy of mechanical properties.After Q+IQ+T heat treatment,the martensite/ferrite bands or continuous martensite bands appear in the microstructure,and with the increase in intercritical quenching temperature,continuous martensite bands become more obvious.The appearance of banded structure aggravates the difference of mechanical properties in all directions,especially the difference of plasticity and toughness in longitudinal and transverse directions.Therefore,the banded structure can be avoided by regulating the nucleation rate difference between the element enrichment and depleted zones during the heat treatment process.The alloying elements segregation is a necessary condition for the formation of banded structure after heat treatment,but it is not a sufficient condition.展开更多
The authors are very sorry for their carelessness that a wrong Fig.9 was uploaded,and a corrected one has been shown below:This corrigendum does not affect the overall structure and analysis process of the study.The a...The authors are very sorry for their carelessness that a wrong Fig.9 was uploaded,and a corrected one has been shown below:This corrigendum does not affect the overall structure and analysis process of the study.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.展开更多
Overviewing the air pollution situation in Hong Kong,energy generation and transportation are part of the contribution to the carbon emissions.Electric vehicles do not have engines and no air pollutants emissions.The ...Overviewing the air pollution situation in Hong Kong,energy generation and transportation are part of the contribution to the carbon emissions.Electric vehicles do not have engines and no air pollutants emissions.The promotion of electric vehicles serves as an important strategy to Hong Kong's goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.This paper illustrated the financial incentives the Hong Kong Government has launched,including First Registration Tax concessions,profits tax deduction,One-for-One Scheme,lower license fee,subsidy support for e-buses and e-taxis,free charging services at government car parks,EV-charging at home Subsidy Scheme,etc.By comparing the cost of purchasing and owning vehicles with the cost of purchasing and owning electric vehicles as well as the market performance of electric vehicles to examine whether the financial incentives in Hong Kong can promote electric vehicles and serve as a prerequisite to low carbon transition.The results show that under government support and promotion associated with preferential policy,electric vehicles will become the future trend in Hong Kong with the advantage of lower emissions,energy saving,and environmental protection.展开更多
Correction to:J.Iron Steel Res.Int.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01240-3.The original version of this article unfortunately con-tained mistakes.The article title was cut off in xml version,the corrected title is ...Correction to:J.Iron Steel Res.Int.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01240-3.The original version of this article unfortunately con-tained mistakes.The article title was cut off in xml version,the corrected title is given below.展开更多
High-plastic clays with significant volume change due to moisture variations present critical challenges to civil engineering structures.Limestone calcined clay cement(LC3),an innovative and sustainable hydraulic bind...High-plastic clays with significant volume change due to moisture variations present critical challenges to civil engineering structures.Limestone calcined clay cement(LC3),an innovative and sustainable hydraulic binder,demonstrates significant potential for improving the engineering characteristics of such soils.Nevertheless,the impact of LC3 on the physico-mechanical characteristics of treated soil under a cyclic wet-dry environment remains unclear.This study for the first time investigates LC3's impact on the long-term durability of treated high-plastic clays through comprehensive macro-micro testing including physical,mechanical,mineralogical,and microstructural investigations with an emphasis on wet-dry cycles.The results revealed that LC3 treatment exhibits significant resistance to wet-dry cycles by completely mitigating the swelling potential,and a considerable reduction in plasticity resulting in enhanced workability.The compressibility and shear strength parameters have been significantly improved to several orders of magnitude.However,after six wet-dry cycles,a slight to modest reduction is observed,but overall durability remains superior to untreated soil.Cohesive and structural bonding ratios quantitatively assessed the impact of wet-dry cycles emphasizing the advantage of LC3 treatment.According to mineralogical and microstructural evaluation,the mechanism behind the adverse effects of wet-dry cycles on the compressibility and strength behavior of LC3-treated soil is mainly attributed to:(1)weakening of CSH/C(A)SH and ettringite(AFt)phases by exhibiting lower peak intensities;and(2)larger pore spaces due to repeated wet-dry cycles.These findings highlight LC3's performance in enhancing the long-term behavior and resilience of treated soils in real-world scenarios,providing durable solutions for infrastructure challenges.展开更多
The global climate crisis has become the focus of attention,and China vigorously pursues low-carbon economic development,for which the implementation of green finance is continuously enhanced,so does the development o...The global climate crisis has become the focus of attention,and China vigorously pursues low-carbon economic development,for which the implementation of green finance is continuously enhanced,so does the development of green finance contribute to low-carbon economic development?This paper constructs a green finance and low carbon economic development index system containing several indicators,and measures them using the entropy weight method of spatial-temporal extreme difference.This paper conducts an empirical study based on the data of 30 provinces and cities from 2005 to 2020,and the results of the study find that green finance has policy incentive effect and institutional incentive effect,and can significantly and positively affect the development of low-carbon economy,and the findings still hold after endogeneity test and robustness test.The mechanism test shows that green finance can influence low-carbon economic development by promoting industrial structure upgrading,green technology innovation and FDI inflow;moreover,the positive promotion effect of green finance is more obvious in the western region and non-Yangtze River Economic Zone region;finally,the moderating effect test reveals that the institutional environment and the level of technology market development can enhance the relationship between green finance and low-carbon economic development.展开更多
Aimed at the low carbon economy and the characteristics of planning EIA in the industrial development region,the planning EIA index system which merged with the low carbon economy concept in the industrial development...Aimed at the low carbon economy and the characteristics of planning EIA in the industrial development region,the planning EIA index system which merged with the low carbon economy concept in the industrial development region was established.The construction planning of national eco-industrial park in Hefei High-tech Industrial Development Zone was comprehensively evaluated by using the gray correlation method.The evaluation results of considering and without considering the low carbon index were contrasted and were verified by using the improved entropy method.The results showed that the regional sustainable development index constantly rose,and the planning was reasonable.Moreover,the suggestions were also put forward to tackle the problems.展开更多
With the low-carbon coordinated development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as the starting point, the necessity and realistic difficulties in achieving the lowcarbon coordination in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region was a...With the low-carbon coordinated development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as the starting point, the necessity and realistic difficulties in achieving the lowcarbon coordination in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region was analyzed, based on which we constructed the systematic analytical framework for low-carbon coordination in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, and proposed the development path of regional lowcarbon coordinated development from the three levels of government, industry and consumer with the aim to provide specific references for the low-carbon coordinated development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.展开更多
The effects of Cr, Ni and Cu on the corrosion behavior of low carbon microalloying steel in a CI- containing environment were investigated. The results revealed that the corrosion process could be divided into the ini...The effects of Cr, Ni and Cu on the corrosion behavior of low carbon microalloying steel in a CI- containing environment were investigated. The results revealed that the corrosion process could be divided into the initial stage in which the corrosion rate increased with accumulation of corrosion products and the later stage in which homogeneous and compact inner rust layers started to protect steel substrate out of corrosion mediums. The results of X-ray diffraction （XRD） indicated that the rust layers of the three-group steels （Cr, Cr-Ni and Cr-Ni-Cu steels） were composed of α-FeOOH, β-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, Fe3O4 and large amounts of amorphous compounds. The content of amorphous compounds of Cr-Ni-Cu steel was about 2%-3% more than that of Cr-Ni steel. The results of electron probe microanalysis （EPMA） showed that Cr concentrated mainly in the inner region of the rust of Cr-Ni-Cu steel, inner/outer interface especially, whereas Ni was uniformly distributed all over the rust and Cu was noticed rarely after 73 wet/dry cycles. The addition of Cr and Ni was beneficial to the formation of dense and compact inner rust layer, which was the most important reason for the improvement of corrosion resistance of experimental steel.展开更多
The precipitation kinetics of AlN and MnS in low carbon aluminium-killed steel was calculated.Transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,energy disperse spectroscopy（EDS） and phase analyses have been used to investigat...The precipitation kinetics of AlN and MnS in low carbon aluminium-killed steel was calculated.Transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,energy disperse spectroscopy（EDS） and phase analyses have been used to investigate the morphology,compositions and particle size distribution of AlN and MnS precipitates in three positions of the coil.The particles of AlN and MnS precipitates in the ferrite region after coiling and distributes along and adjacent to the ferrite grain boundaries.The shapes of AlN are plate-like,the precipitates size is about 10 to 60 nm;the shapes of MnS are spherical,the precipitates size is about 200 to 600 nm.The precipitation behavior of AlN is sensitive to the isothermal temperature and holding time,the precipitation quantity and particle size distribution of AlN in different positions of coil are unequal展开更多
Electron microscopic investigation on low carbon steel strips produced by the CSP process has been carried out. Large number of oxide dispersive precipitates have been observed in the ferrite matrix of the steel strip...Electron microscopic investigation on low carbon steel strips produced by the CSP process has been carried out. Large number of oxide dispersive precipitates have been observed in the ferrite matrix of the steel strips. Dimension of them is about 10~20 nm. Electron diffraction study showed that the structure of these precipitates consists with cubic system spinel structure. Their lattice parameter is about 0.83 nm. The results implied that they should be complex oxides of Fe, Al et al. Small sulfide particles with 100-300 nm in size have also been observed. Remarkable strengthening and grain refinement effects can be obtained by the precipitations. The oxygen and sulfur in steels could play beneficial role under certain conditions.展开更多
To study the effect of Mg addition on inhibiting weld heat affected zones （HAZ） austenite grain growth of Ti-bearing low carbon steels, two steels with and without Mg treated were prepared using a laboratory vacuum....To study the effect of Mg addition on inhibiting weld heat affected zones （HAZ） austenite grain growth of Ti-bearing low carbon steels, two steels with and without Mg treated were prepared using a laboratory vacuum. The welding testing was simulated by Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator. The performance of HAZ was investiga ted that the toughness was improved from 3.3 to 185 J by adding 0. 005%Mg （in mass percent） to the steel, and the fracture mechanism changed from cleavage fracture to toughness fracture. Through in-situ observation by a confocal scanning laser microscope, a significant result was found that the austenite grain of the steel with Mg treated was still keeping fine-grained structure after holding at 1 400℃ and lasting for 300 s. This inhibition of austenite grain growth was mainly attributed to the formation of pinning particles after the addition of Mg. The obtained results pro pose a potential method for improving HAZ toughness of structure steels.展开更多
The effect of residual dissolved oxygen （DO） on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO3 solution was investigated by electrochemical measurements, corrosion mass loss test, scanning electron microsco...The effect of residual dissolved oxygen （DO） on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO3 solution was investigated by electrochemical measurements, corrosion mass loss test, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. In the initial immersion stage, the increase of the dissolved oxygen concentration led to the change of from a reductive state of active dissolution to an oxidizing state of pseudo passivation in low carbon steel. While in the final stage, all the steels transformed into the steady state of pseudo passivation. In the anaerobic solution, the formation of c^-FeOOH was attributed to the chemical oxidization of the ferrous corrosion products and the final cathodic process only included the reduction of c^-FeOOH, while in the aerobic solution, it included the reduction of oxygen and （x-FeOOH simultaneously. As the main corrosion products, the content of （x-FeOOH was increased while that of Fe6（OH）12CO3 was decreased with increasing concentration of dissolved oxygen. The total corrosion mass loss of the steel was promoted with the increase of dissolved oxygen concentration.展开更多
Utilizing Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator, the influences of hot deformation parameters on continuous cooling bainite transformation in Nb-microalloyed low carbon steel were investigated. The results indicate ...Utilizing Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator, the influences of hot deformation parameters on continuous cooling bainite transformation in Nb-microalloyed low carbon steel were investigated. The results indicate that bainite starting temperature decreases with raising cooling rate and increases with increasing deformation temperature. Deformation has an accelerative effect on the bainite transformation when the specimens are deformed at 950 ℃. When the deformation temperature increases, the effect of deformation on bainite starting temperature is weakened. The amount of bainite is influenced by strain, cooling rate, and deformation temperature. When the specimens are deformed below 900 ℃, equiaxed ferrites are promoted and the bainite transformation is suppressed.展开更多
The relation between the Mg treatment and ferrite grain boundaries misorientation was investigated. The orientation imaging microscopy technique based on electron backscattered diffraction technique （EBSD） was used ...The relation between the Mg treatment and ferrite grain boundaries misorientation was investigated. The orientation imaging microscopy technique based on electron backscattered diffraction technique （EBSD） was used in this work. （t was found that the addition of 0.005 wt% Mg to the steel could evidently increase the ratio of acicular ferrite crystals appearing at large angles boundaries to each other, which was attributed to the nucleation of the second-phase particles by the Mg treatment. The FBSD techniques provide a power- ful method to characterize and quantify the ferrite grain boundaries misorientation, in order to relate it to toughness.展开更多
The aim was to investigate transformation behavior and transformation kinetics of an ultra-low carbon bai- nitic steel during continuous cooling. Continuous cooling transformation （CCT） curves of tested steel were m...The aim was to investigate transformation behavior and transformation kinetics of an ultra-low carbon bai- nitic steel during continuous cooling. Continuous cooling transformation （CCT） curves of tested steel were measured by thermal dilatometer and metallographic structures at room temperature were observed by optical microscope. Then transformation kinetic equation of austenite to ferrite as well as austenite to bainite was established by analyzing the relationship of lnln]-l/（1--f）] and lnt in the kinetic equation on the basis of processed experimental data. Finally, the measured and calculated kinetic behaviors of the steel during continuous cooling were compared and growth pat- terns of transformed ferrite and bainite were analyzed. Results showed that calculated result was in reasonable agree- ment with the experimental data. It could be concluded that the growth modes of transformed ferrite and bainite were mainly one dimension as the Avrami exponents were between 1 and 2.展开更多
The decarburization behaviors of ultra low carbon steel in a 210-t RH vacuum degasser were investigated under practical operat- ing conditions. According to the apparent decarburization rate constant （Kc） calculated...The decarburization behaviors of ultra low carbon steel in a 210-t RH vacuum degasser were investigated under practical operat- ing conditions. According to the apparent decarburization rate constant （Kc） calculated by the carbon content in the samples taken from the hot melt in a ladle at an interval of 1-2 min, it is observed that the total decarburization reaction period in RH can be divided into the quick decarburization period and the stagnant decarburization period, which is quite different from the traditional one with three stages. In this study, the average apparent decarburization rate constant during the quick decarburization period is 0.306 min^-1, and that of the stagnant period is 0.072 min^-1. Increasing the initial carbon content and enhancing the exhausting capacity can increase the apparent decarburization rate constant in the quick decarburization period. The decarburization reaction comes into the stagnant decarburization period when the carbon content in molten steel is less than 14× 10^-6 after 10 min of decarburization.展开更多
In the present paper, low carbon steel strips with different phosphorus contents were produced using a twin roll strip casting process. The solidification structure was studied and its features were analyzed in detail...In the present paper, low carbon steel strips with different phosphorus contents were produced using a twin roll strip casting process. The solidification structure was studied and its features were analyzed in detail. It was found that the strips possessed a fine microstructure compared with the mould cast steels. With increasing phosphorus content more ferrite has been formed with finer grains.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3701500)the Key R&D Plan Projects of Zhejiang Province(No.2024SSYS0072)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LDT23E0601).
文摘Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in maritime shipping using the levelized cost of energy methodology.It includes a detailed comparative analysis based on essential criteria and sensitivity assessments to highlight the economic impacts of technological advancements.Key factors influencing total costs include fuel costs,carbon pricing,and energy demands for carbon capture.The findings reveal that methanol is more cost-effective than heavy fuel oil(HFO)when priced below 3000 CNY/t,assuming HFO costs 4400 CNY/t.Additionally,methanol with post-combustion carbon capture is less expensive than pre-combustion carbon capture.When carbon prices rise above 480 CNY/t,carbon capture technologies prove more economical than purchasing carbon emission allowances for HFO and liquefied natural gas.Enhanc-ing the use of exhaust gas waste heat is recommended for cost savings.Post-combustion carbon capture also shows greater efficiency,requiring about 1.1 GJ/t less energy than pre-combustion methods,leading to lower overall costs.Future research should focus on market mechanisms to stabilize fuel prices and develop less energy-intensive carbon capture technologies.This study offers critical insights into effective decarbonization strategies for advancing global maritime trade in the present and future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52304358)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.YESS20230462).
文摘The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Zr deoxidized low carbon microalloyed steel after‘quenching+tempering’(Q+T)and‘quenching+intercritical quenching+tempering’(Q+IQ+T)heat treatment were analyzed using the metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscope,electron probe microanalyzer,electronic universal testing machine and impact testing machine.The effect of element segregation band after hot rolling on the anisotropy of microstructure and mechanical properties of subsequent heat treatment was investigated.The results show that the essence of improving the banded structure by oxide metallurgy technology in the hot rolling process is to promote the formation of intragranular ferrite to break the bainite band,but the element segregation band produced during hot rolling will be inherited to the subsequent heat treatment process.After Q+T heat treatment,the microstructure is mainly martensite,and there is no obvious banded structure.The shear transformation of martensite weakens the influence of alloying element segregation and avoids the directionality of microstructure and the anisotropy of mechanical properties.After Q+IQ+T heat treatment,the martensite/ferrite bands or continuous martensite bands appear in the microstructure,and with the increase in intercritical quenching temperature,continuous martensite bands become more obvious.The appearance of banded structure aggravates the difference of mechanical properties in all directions,especially the difference of plasticity and toughness in longitudinal and transverse directions.Therefore,the banded structure can be avoided by regulating the nucleation rate difference between the element enrichment and depleted zones during the heat treatment process.The alloying elements segregation is a necessary condition for the formation of banded structure after heat treatment,but it is not a sufficient condition.
文摘The authors are very sorry for their carelessness that a wrong Fig.9 was uploaded,and a corrected one has been shown below:This corrigendum does not affect the overall structure and analysis process of the study.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
文摘Overviewing the air pollution situation in Hong Kong,energy generation and transportation are part of the contribution to the carbon emissions.Electric vehicles do not have engines and no air pollutants emissions.The promotion of electric vehicles serves as an important strategy to Hong Kong's goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.This paper illustrated the financial incentives the Hong Kong Government has launched,including First Registration Tax concessions,profits tax deduction,One-for-One Scheme,lower license fee,subsidy support for e-buses and e-taxis,free charging services at government car parks,EV-charging at home Subsidy Scheme,etc.By comparing the cost of purchasing and owning vehicles with the cost of purchasing and owning electric vehicles as well as the market performance of electric vehicles to examine whether the financial incentives in Hong Kong can promote electric vehicles and serve as a prerequisite to low carbon transition.The results show that under government support and promotion associated with preferential policy,electric vehicles will become the future trend in Hong Kong with the advantage of lower emissions,energy saving,and environmental protection.
文摘Correction to:J.Iron Steel Res.Int.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01240-3.The original version of this article unfortunately con-tained mistakes.The article title was cut off in xml version,the corrected title is given below.
基金The financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42030714)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1509900)is greatly acknowledged.
文摘High-plastic clays with significant volume change due to moisture variations present critical challenges to civil engineering structures.Limestone calcined clay cement(LC3),an innovative and sustainable hydraulic binder,demonstrates significant potential for improving the engineering characteristics of such soils.Nevertheless,the impact of LC3 on the physico-mechanical characteristics of treated soil under a cyclic wet-dry environment remains unclear.This study for the first time investigates LC3's impact on the long-term durability of treated high-plastic clays through comprehensive macro-micro testing including physical,mechanical,mineralogical,and microstructural investigations with an emphasis on wet-dry cycles.The results revealed that LC3 treatment exhibits significant resistance to wet-dry cycles by completely mitigating the swelling potential,and a considerable reduction in plasticity resulting in enhanced workability.The compressibility and shear strength parameters have been significantly improved to several orders of magnitude.However,after six wet-dry cycles,a slight to modest reduction is observed,but overall durability remains superior to untreated soil.Cohesive and structural bonding ratios quantitatively assessed the impact of wet-dry cycles emphasizing the advantage of LC3 treatment.According to mineralogical and microstructural evaluation,the mechanism behind the adverse effects of wet-dry cycles on the compressibility and strength behavior of LC3-treated soil is mainly attributed to:(1)weakening of CSH/C(A)SH and ettringite(AFt)phases by exhibiting lower peak intensities;and(2)larger pore spaces due to repeated wet-dry cycles.These findings highlight LC3's performance in enhancing the long-term behavior and resilience of treated soils in real-world scenarios,providing durable solutions for infrastructure challenges.
基金supported by grant from the Zhejiang A&F University Scientific Research and Development Fund Talent Start-up Project:Impact and Mechanism Analysis of Green Finance on Low-Carbon Economic Development(2023FR031).
文摘The global climate crisis has become the focus of attention,and China vigorously pursues low-carbon economic development,for which the implementation of green finance is continuously enhanced,so does the development of green finance contribute to low-carbon economic development?This paper constructs a green finance and low carbon economic development index system containing several indicators,and measures them using the entropy weight method of spatial-temporal extreme difference.This paper conducts an empirical study based on the data of 30 provinces and cities from 2005 to 2020,and the results of the study find that green finance has policy incentive effect and institutional incentive effect,and can significantly and positively affect the development of low-carbon economy,and the findings still hold after endogeneity test and robustness test.The mechanism test shows that green finance can influence low-carbon economic development by promoting industrial structure upgrading,green technology innovation and FDI inflow;moreover,the positive promotion effect of green finance is more obvious in the western region and non-Yangtze River Economic Zone region;finally,the moderating effect test reveals that the institutional environment and the level of technology market development can enhance the relationship between green finance and low-carbon economic development.
文摘Aimed at the low carbon economy and the characteristics of planning EIA in the industrial development region,the planning EIA index system which merged with the low carbon economy concept in the industrial development region was established.The construction planning of national eco-industrial park in Hefei High-tech Industrial Development Zone was comprehensively evaluated by using the gray correlation method.The evaluation results of considering and without considering the low carbon index were contrasted and were verified by using the improved entropy method.The results showed that the regional sustainable development index constantly rose,and the planning was reasonable.Moreover,the suggestions were also put forward to tackle the problems.
基金Study on the Coordinated Innovation of Agricultural Knowledge Under the Perspective of Industrial Chain,One of the Periodical Achievements of Strategic Research Program for the Science and Technology Development of Tianjin City(15ZLZLZF00210)Study on the Evolution Path and Scientific and Technological Supporting System of Agriculture of Appropriate Scale Based on Heterogeneous Farmers,One of the Periodical Achievements of Strategic Research Program for the Science and Technology Development of Tianjin City(15ZLZLZF00390)~~
文摘With the low-carbon coordinated development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as the starting point, the necessity and realistic difficulties in achieving the lowcarbon coordination in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region was analyzed, based on which we constructed the systematic analytical framework for low-carbon coordination in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, and proposed the development path of regional lowcarbon coordinated development from the three levels of government, industry and consumer with the aim to provide specific references for the low-carbon coordinated development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.
基金supported by the High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2007AA03Z504)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. N100507002)
文摘The effects of Cr, Ni and Cu on the corrosion behavior of low carbon microalloying steel in a CI- containing environment were investigated. The results revealed that the corrosion process could be divided into the initial stage in which the corrosion rate increased with accumulation of corrosion products and the later stage in which homogeneous and compact inner rust layers started to protect steel substrate out of corrosion mediums. The results of X-ray diffraction （XRD） indicated that the rust layers of the three-group steels （Cr, Cr-Ni and Cr-Ni-Cu steels） were composed of α-FeOOH, β-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, Fe3O4 and large amounts of amorphous compounds. The content of amorphous compounds of Cr-Ni-Cu steel was about 2%-3% more than that of Cr-Ni steel. The results of electron probe microanalysis （EPMA） showed that Cr concentrated mainly in the inner region of the rust of Cr-Ni-Cu steel, inner/outer interface especially, whereas Ni was uniformly distributed all over the rust and Cu was noticed rarely after 73 wet/dry cycles. The addition of Cr and Ni was beneficial to the formation of dense and compact inner rust layer, which was the most important reason for the improvement of corrosion resistance of experimental steel.
基金Financial support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50071061)Conseil Regional de Champagne Ardenne France is appreciated.
基金Sponsored by National Research and Development Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China(2006BAE03A06)
文摘The precipitation kinetics of AlN and MnS in low carbon aluminium-killed steel was calculated.Transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,energy disperse spectroscopy（EDS） and phase analyses have been used to investigate the morphology,compositions and particle size distribution of AlN and MnS precipitates in three positions of the coil.The particles of AlN and MnS precipitates in the ferrite region after coiling and distributes along and adjacent to the ferrite grain boundaries.The shapes of AlN are plate-like,the precipitates size is about 10 to 60 nm;the shapes of MnS are spherical,the precipitates size is about 200 to 600 nm.The precipitation behavior of AlN is sensitive to the isothermal temperature and holding time,the precipitation quantity and particle size distribution of AlN in different positions of coil are unequal
文摘Electron microscopic investigation on low carbon steel strips produced by the CSP process has been carried out. Large number of oxide dispersive precipitates have been observed in the ferrite matrix of the steel strips. Dimension of them is about 10~20 nm. Electron diffraction study showed that the structure of these precipitates consists with cubic system spinel structure. Their lattice parameter is about 0.83 nm. The results implied that they should be complex oxides of Fe, Al et al. Small sulfide particles with 100-300 nm in size have also been observed. Remarkable strengthening and grain refinement effects can be obtained by the precipitations. The oxygen and sulfur in steels could play beneficial role under certain conditions.
文摘To study the effect of Mg addition on inhibiting weld heat affected zones （HAZ） austenite grain growth of Ti-bearing low carbon steels, two steels with and without Mg treated were prepared using a laboratory vacuum. The welding testing was simulated by Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator. The performance of HAZ was investiga ted that the toughness was improved from 3.3 to 185 J by adding 0. 005%Mg （in mass percent） to the steel, and the fracture mechanism changed from cleavage fracture to toughness fracture. Through in-situ observation by a confocal scanning laser microscope, a significant result was found that the austenite grain of the steel with Mg treated was still keeping fine-grained structure after holding at 1 400℃ and lasting for 300 s. This inhibition of austenite grain growth was mainly attributed to the formation of pinning particles after the addition of Mg. The obtained results pro pose a potential method for improving HAZ toughness of structure steels.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51471175)
文摘The effect of residual dissolved oxygen （DO） on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO3 solution was investigated by electrochemical measurements, corrosion mass loss test, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. In the initial immersion stage, the increase of the dissolved oxygen concentration led to the change of from a reductive state of active dissolution to an oxidizing state of pseudo passivation in low carbon steel. While in the final stage, all the steels transformed into the steady state of pseudo passivation. In the anaerobic solution, the formation of c^-FeOOH was attributed to the chemical oxidization of the ferrous corrosion products and the final cathodic process only included the reduction of c^-FeOOH, while in the aerobic solution, it included the reduction of oxygen and （x-FeOOH simultaneously. As the main corrosion products, the content of （x-FeOOH was increased while that of Fe6（OH）12CO3 was decreased with increasing concentration of dissolved oxygen. The total corrosion mass loss of the steel was promoted with the increase of dissolved oxygen concentration.
基金Item Sponsored by High Technology Development Programof China (863) (2001AA332020) and National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (50271015)
文摘Utilizing Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator, the influences of hot deformation parameters on continuous cooling bainite transformation in Nb-microalloyed low carbon steel were investigated. The results indicate that bainite starting temperature decreases with raising cooling rate and increases with increasing deformation temperature. Deformation has an accelerative effect on the bainite transformation when the specimens are deformed at 950 ℃. When the deformation temperature increases, the effect of deformation on bainite starting temperature is weakened. The amount of bainite is influenced by strain, cooling rate, and deformation temperature. When the specimens are deformed below 900 ℃, equiaxed ferrites are promoted and the bainite transformation is suppressed.
文摘The relation between the Mg treatment and ferrite grain boundaries misorientation was investigated. The orientation imaging microscopy technique based on electron backscattered diffraction technique （EBSD） was used in this work. （t was found that the addition of 0.005 wt% Mg to the steel could evidently increase the ratio of acicular ferrite crystals appearing at large angles boundaries to each other, which was attributed to the nucleation of the second-phase particles by the Mg treatment. The FBSD techniques provide a power- ful method to characterize and quantify the ferrite grain boundaries misorientation, in order to relate it to toughness.
文摘The aim was to investigate transformation behavior and transformation kinetics of an ultra-low carbon bai- nitic steel during continuous cooling. Continuous cooling transformation （CCT） curves of tested steel were measured by thermal dilatometer and metallographic structures at room temperature were observed by optical microscope. Then transformation kinetic equation of austenite to ferrite as well as austenite to bainite was established by analyzing the relationship of lnln]-l/（1--f）] and lnt in the kinetic equation on the basis of processed experimental data. Finally, the measured and calculated kinetic behaviors of the steel during continuous cooling were compared and growth pat- terns of transformed ferrite and bainite were analyzed. Results showed that calculated result was in reasonable agree- ment with the experimental data. It could be concluded that the growth modes of transformed ferrite and bainite were mainly one dimension as the Avrami exponents were between 1 and 2.
文摘The decarburization behaviors of ultra low carbon steel in a 210-t RH vacuum degasser were investigated under practical operat- ing conditions. According to the apparent decarburization rate constant （Kc） calculated by the carbon content in the samples taken from the hot melt in a ladle at an interval of 1-2 min, it is observed that the total decarburization reaction period in RH can be divided into the quick decarburization period and the stagnant decarburization period, which is quite different from the traditional one with three stages. In this study, the average apparent decarburization rate constant during the quick decarburization period is 0.306 min^-1, and that of the stagnant period is 0.072 min^-1. Increasing the initial carbon content and enhancing the exhausting capacity can increase the apparent decarburization rate constant in the quick decarburization period. The decarburization reaction comes into the stagnant decarburization period when the carbon content in molten steel is less than 14× 10^-6 after 10 min of decarburization.
基金This work was supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program)under the contract number of 2004CB619108the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50574018)the NECT-04-0278 Project of the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘In the present paper, low carbon steel strips with different phosphorus contents were produced using a twin roll strip casting process. The solidification structure was studied and its features were analyzed in detail. It was found that the strips possessed a fine microstructure compared with the mould cast steels. With increasing phosphorus content more ferrite has been formed with finer grains.
