The present work provides a facile and efficient method for producing ultrafine copper powders.Ultrafine copper powders were synthesized through a solvothermal method,utilizing ethanol both as a solvent and a reducing...The present work provides a facile and efficient method for producing ultrafine copper powders.Ultrafine copper powders were synthesized through a solvothermal method,utilizing ethanol both as a solvent and a reducing agent.Specifically,by exploiting the weak reducing property of ethanol,the copper precursor is first converted to copper oxide and then further reduced to cuprous oxide and pure copper.Such a method can effectively control the morphology and particle size of the copper powder,reduce particle aggregation,and enhance oxidation resistance.It is cost-effective and produces fewer toxic by-products.Spherical copper particles with an average particle size of about 180 nm were obtained.The initial oxidation temperature is approximately 150℃,and the resulting copper powders can be stored stably under ambient conditions for at least 5 months,demonstrating excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability.展开更多
A dual-phase synergistic enhancement method was adopted to strengthen the Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)by leveraging the unique advantages of Er and TiB_(2).Spherical powders of 0.5w...A dual-phase synergistic enhancement method was adopted to strengthen the Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)by leveraging the unique advantages of Er and TiB_(2).Spherical powders of 0.5wt%Er-1wt%TiB_(2)/Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr nanocomposite were prepared using vacuum homogenization technique,and the density of samples prepared through the LPBF process reached 99.8%.The strengthening and toughening mechanisms of Er-TiB_(2)were investigated.The results show that Al_(3)Er diffraction peaks are detected by X-ray diffraction analysis,and texture strength decreases according to electron backscatter diffraction results.The added Er and TiB_(2)nano-reinforcing phases act as heterogeneous nucleation sites during the LPBF forming process,hindering grain growth and effectively refining the grains.After incorporating the Er-TiB_(2)dual-phase nano-reinforcing phases,the tensile strength and elongation at break of the LPBF-deposited samples reach 550 MPa and 18.7%,which are 13.4%and 26.4%higher than those of the matrix material,respectively.展开更多
High-moisture meat analogues(HMMAs)offer sustainable protein alternatives to conventional meat and become a research hotspot in recent years.This study systematically investigated the impact of nori powder(NP)incorpor...High-moisture meat analogues(HMMAs)offer sustainable protein alternatives to conventional meat and become a research hotspot in recent years.This study systematically investigated the impact of nori powder(NP)incorporation(0.5%–2.0%)on the physicochemical and structural properties of HMMAs.Rheological analysis revealed that NP reduced the viscosity(consistency coefficient K decreased from 65.67 Pa⋅s to 16.66–19.99 Pa⋅s)and enhanced the fluidity(flow behavior index n increased from 0.25 to 0.33–0.38)of raw material.NP addition progressively decreased the redness values(a*),except for 0.5%NP level.At 1.0%NP level,HMMAs exhibited a denser microstructure with reduced water mobility,resulting in the lowest water holding capacity(2.07 g/g).Conversely,2.0%NP promoted highly oriented fibrous structures,achieving a maximal texturization degree of 1.51.Secondary structure analysis indicated NP facilitated a shift fromα-helix toβ-sheet conformations(β-sheet content increased from 26.06%to 29.92%at 2.0%NP),resulting in stabilized protein networks.These modifications were attributed to NP-induced hydrophobic interactions and polysaccharide-protein crosslinking.The study demonstrates NP's role in modulating HMMA texture and nutrition,providing critical insights for developing fiber-enhanced,nutrient-fortified HMMAs.展开更多
The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbi...The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbide nanowires using lignite and waste silicon powder as raw materials through carbothermal reduction.The staggered structure of nanowires promotes the creation of interfacial polarization,impedance matching,and multiple loss mechanisms,leading to enhanced electromagnetic absorption performance.The silicon carbide nanowires demonstrate outstanding electromagnetic absorption capabilities with the minimum reflection loss of-48.09 d B at10.08 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth(the reflection loss less than-10 d B)ranging from 8.54 to 16.68 GHz with a thickness of 2.17 mm.This research presents an innovative approach for utilizing solid waste in an environmentally friendly manner to produce broadband silicon carbide composite absorbers.展开更多
The presence of a surface oxide film(B_(2)O_(3))on boron(B)particles significantly compromises their combustion efficiency and kinetic performance in fuel-rich solid propellants.This study proposes an innovative conti...The presence of a surface oxide film(B_(2)O_(3))on boron(B)particles significantly compromises their combustion efficiency and kinetic performance in fuel-rich solid propellants.This study proposes an innovative continuous modification strategy combining non-thermal plasma(NTP)etching with fluorocarbon passivation.Characterization and kinetic analysis revealed that reactive plasma species—including atomic hydrogen(H),electronically excited molecular hydrogen(H_(2)^(*)),vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen(H_(2)v),and hydrogen ions(H^(+))—dominate the reduction of B_(2)O_(3)through lowering the transition energy barrier and shifting the reaction spontaneity.Subsequent argon plasma fragmentation of C_(8)F_(18)generates fluorocarbon radicals that form conformal passivation coatings(thickness:7 nm)on purified boron surfaces.The modified boron particles exhibit 37.5℃lower exothermic peak temperature and 27.2%higher heat release(14.8 kJ/g vs.11.6 kJ/g)compared to untreated counterparts.Combustion diagnostics reveal 194%increase in maximum flame height(135.10 mm vs.46.03 mm)and 134%enhancement in flame propagation rate(4.44 cm/s vs.1.90 cm/s).This NTP-based surface engineering approach establishes a scalable pathway for developing highperformance boron-based energetic composites.展开更多
Zn's natural degradability and biocompatibility make it a promising candidate for implants,however,its mechanical properties remain insufficient for bone applications.In this study,the performance of Zn was enhanc...Zn's natural degradability and biocompatibility make it a promising candidate for implants,however,its mechanical properties remain insufficient for bone applications.In this study,the performance of Zn was enhanced by developing Zn-Cu alloys via laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).Optimal LPBF parameters for forming stable tracks were achieved by adjusting laser power and scanning speed.Under optimized conditions of 100 W and 100 mm/s,high density(99.58%)Zn-Cu alloys with improved hardness(68.2 HV)and yield strength(160 MPa)were achieved.These improvements are attributed to solid solution strengthening,segregation strengthening,and grain refinement.The Zn-Cu alloys also demonstrated favorable degradation behavior,with a rate of 0.16 mm/year.This degradation is primarily driven by micro-galvanic corrosion between the CuZn 5 phase and Zn matrix,along with refined grains and increased grain boundary density.This work demonstrates a viable strategy for fabricating Zn-based implants with enhanced structural integrity and mechanical performance via LPBF.展开更多
As the primary functional component of a fusion reactor,the fusion blanket pebble bed,composed of numerous particles,is crucial for tritium breeding,neutron multiplication,and radiation shielding.Particles within trit...As the primary functional component of a fusion reactor,the fusion blanket pebble bed,composed of numerous particles,is crucial for tritium breeding,neutron multiplication,and radiation shielding.Particles within tritium-breeding pebble beds are subjected to prolonged neutron irradiation,high thermal loads,and strong magnetic fields in fusion environments.Such conditions render them susceptible to pulverization and fragmentation.The resulting fragments and powders migrate and are deposited into the gas channel,driven by the purge gas.The reduction in the effective flow area of the gas increases the flow resistance,resulting in tritium retention,degraded heat transfer,and other adverse effects.These conditions impair the thermodynamic properties of the pebble beds and hinder the self-maintenance of tritium.Limited information exists on powder migration and clogging mechanisms in fusion blanket pebble beds,particularly under diverse physical conditions.The aim of this study was to use a computational fluid dynamics model coupled with the discrete element method(CFD-DEM)to numerically explore powder migration and clogging in pebble beds.The model considers factors such as breeder orientation,purge velocity,powder size distribution,and friction coefficient.We propose two migration and clogging mechanisms.One involves powder with a large particle size,and the other does not.The results indicate that the powder migration velocity progresses through three stages:rapid decay,linear decay,and stability.Pebble-bed clogging manifests in two forms:extensive superficial clogging and uniform internal clogging.Two fitted curves were used to depict the migration and clogging tendencies.The powder size distribution significantly influenced the powder migration.The breeder orientation,powder size,and friction coefficient affected the distribution of the clogging powders.However,the impact of the purge velocity on powder migration and clogging in pebble beds was limited,and this effect varied significantly with different particle size ratios.Based on the analysis,a formula is proposed to characterize the behavior of the powder in the pebble beds.The results of this study can aid in analyzing and predicting powder dynamics in pebble beds.展开更多
A full-sectional microstructure characterization method was developed to investigate the formation of coarse slag rims during the continuous casting of hypo-peritectic steel.The cross-sectional microstructural analysi...A full-sectional microstructure characterization method was developed to investigate the formation of coarse slag rims during the continuous casting of hypo-peritectic steel.The cross-sectional microstructural analysis of typical slag rims for two highly crystalline powders revealed that their formation was primarily driven by the solidification of the liquid slag.Distinct differences were observed in the microstructures of slag rims from the two powders.Powder A(characterized by a higher breaking temperature and viscosity)displayed alternating lamellar microstructures of coarse and fine phases,with the coarse phases composed of akermanite-gehlenite transition phases.In contrast,powder B(with a lower breaking temperature and viscosity)predominantly comprised regular akermanite-gehlenite crystals interspersed with a certain amount of glassy phases.Numerical simulations of a three-phase fluid flow coupled with heat transfer indicate that slag rim formation correlates with mold oscillation.Solidification of the liquid slag at the slag rim front predominantly occurs during the negative stroke of the mold oscillation.The average heating rate during the ascending stage of the mold reaches approximately 100 K·s^(−1),whereas the average cooling rate during the descending stage attains 400 K·s^(−1).This temperature variation leads to the formation of lamellar microstructures,whereas the ascending stage promotes the formation of coarse structures and thicker slag rims.Based on the powder properties,two distinct formation pathways exist for highly crystalline mold powders.For the powders with a higher breaking temperature,higher viscosity,and narrower solidification range(powder A),coarse microstructures and thicker slag rims were preferentially formed.For powders with lower breaking temperature and viscosity and wider solidification ranges(powder B),the liquid slag resisted rapid solidification,and the extended mushy zone allowed the partial liquid slag to persist at the slag rim front,promoting the formation of a thin slag rim.This study enhances the understanding of slag rim formation in highly crystalline mold powders and provides critical insights into the control of longitudinal surface cracks in hypo-peritectic steel.展开更多
Powder paving is an intermediate process of selective laser sintering(SLS).The dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of sintered components are directly affected by the quality of the powder paving process,wh...Powder paving is an intermediate process of selective laser sintering(SLS).The dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of sintered components are directly affected by the quality of the powder paving process,which is closely related to the flow characteristics of the powder and the process parameters of powder paving.This study investigated the simulation and optimization of the nylon powder paving in SLS by combining a discrete-element-method numerical simulation with a process test.A dynamic model was established to describe the flow and paving process of nylon powder at a preheating temperature considering mesoscopic van der Waals and electrostatic forces.The effects of the physical parameters and ambient temperature on the flow characteristics of nylon powder were analyzed,and the intrinsic relationship between the physical parameters of nylon powder,the process parameters of powder paving,and the quality of the powder paving were explored.A multi-objective regression model of the quality of powder paving was established using the response surface methodology,and a genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the quality of the powder paving.A scientific and intelligent database of the nylon powder paving process in SLS was constructed by matching the process parameters of powder paving and physical parameters of the nylon powder,and the level of the SLS process was improved.展开更多
The densification characterization,phase constitution,precipitation evolution and mechanical performance of Al−Mg−Sc−Zr alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)were systematically investigated.Moreover,the evo...The densification characterization,phase constitution,precipitation evolution and mechanical performance of Al−Mg−Sc−Zr alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)were systematically investigated.Moreover,the evolution of phase constitution and precipitation behavior after heat treatment were characterized by using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscope(TEM)analysis.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of as-built samples ranged from 396.8 to 414.6 MPa as the scanning speed decreased from 1600 to 1000 mm/s.After post heat treatment,the yield strength(YS)increased to(513.1±1.3)MPa,while the UTS increased from(414.6±5.1)to(539.2±1.5)MPa.The significant improvement of mechanical performance was ascribed to the formation of secondary Al3(Sc,Zr)precipitates.展开更多
Laser remelting(LR)was used as an auxiliary post-treatment process for the Ti6Al4V titanium alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).Optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and electron back ...Laser remelting(LR)was used as an auxiliary post-treatment process for the Ti6Al4V titanium alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).Optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and electron back scattering diffraction(EBSD)observations showed that the grains in melted zone(MZ)transformed into equiaxial grains with an average size of 1.31μm,and the grains in heat affected zone(HAZ)were refined.Moreover,the texture intensity dropped significantly from 13.86 to 6.35 in MZ and 10.79 in HAZ.The temperature gradient(G)to solidification rate(R)ratio decreased when the laser scanning speed slowed down to a certain extent in the LR process,which effectively improved the highly preferred orientation and filled the hole defects in the surface of LPBF-Ti6Al4V.Furthermore,the hardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the LPBF samples were improved by LR treatment.展开更多
We read with great interest the study by Zhang et al on Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang powder(YFB),which exemplifies the power of modern methods to validate traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The key insight is that YFB doesn’t m...We read with great interest the study by Zhang et al on Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang powder(YFB),which exemplifies the power of modern methods to validate traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The key insight is that YFB doesn’t merely alter“good”or“bad”bacteria but restores the gut microbiota’s holistic equilibrium.This is powerfully shown by its paradoxical reduction of anaerobic probiotics like Bifidobacterium,rectifying the diseased,hypoxic environment,causing their aberrant overgrowth.This challenges the conventional probiotic paradigm and underscores a core TCM principle:Herbal formulas treat disease by restoring the body’s overall functional balance.Future research should focus on the interplay between herbal components,intestinal oxygen,and microbial metabolites to further unravel this sophisticated dialogue.展开更多
Long-lasting phosphorescence （LLP） was observed in Ce-doped Y3Al5O12 phosphors synthesized in reducing atmosphere. The characteristic emission of the 2D–2F5/2 and 2D–2F7/2 transition of Ce3＋ in photoluminescence ...Long-lasting phosphorescence （LLP） was observed in Ce-doped Y3Al5O12 phosphors synthesized in reducing atmosphere. The characteristic emission of the 2D–2F5/2 and 2D–2F7/2 transition of Ce3＋ in photoluminescence （PL） and LLP spectra was studied. It was interesting that the ratio between the peak areas of 2D–2F5/2 and 2D–2F 7/2 transitions in the PL spectrum was different from the ratio of that in LLP emission spectrum. And the ratios had different change regularities with increased Ce3＋ concentration. The possible reason was attributed to the defect in the YAG host,which was affected by increasing the Ce3＋ concentration. There were indications that the defect in the Ce3＋-doped YAG samples was strongly associated with oxygen vacancy. And the defect levels were studied through thermoluminescence （TL） experiment. The results showed that the trap depth was between 0.6 and 0.65 eV,and the kinetic order of the LLP was 2.展开更多
As an improvement of reported Y2O2S：Tb^3＋, a white-light long-lasting phosphor： Y2O2S：Tb^3＋, Sm^3＋ was prepared by the solid-state reaction. The photo-luminescence spectra showed that the position and shape of T...As an improvement of reported Y2O2S：Tb^3＋, a white-light long-lasting phosphor： Y2O2S：Tb^3＋, Sm^3＋ was prepared by the solid-state reaction. The photo-luminescence spectra showed that the position and shape of Tb^3＋ and Sm^3＋ emissions under UV excitation were similar in this host, which ensured a stable white emission color （daylight standard of IEC） under different excitations. The decay curves of co-doped samples indicated that the decay times of emissions of the two ions were close. The thermo-luminescence measurement suggested that the traps created by the doped Sm^3＋ ions were helpful to postpone the white afterglow of co-doped samples. Therefore, the function of co-doped Sm^3＋ ions was confirmed as improving the white emission colors of samples and acting as new trap centers.展开更多
A series of novel blue long-lasting phosphorescence phosphors Sr6A118Si2037：Eu^2＋,RE^3＋ （RE3＋=Ho^3＋, Gd^3＋, Dy^3＋ and Pr^3＋） were prepared by the conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction in a reduc...A series of novel blue long-lasting phosphorescence phosphors Sr6A118Si2037：Eu^2＋,RE^3＋ （RE3＋=Ho^3＋, Gd^3＋, Dy^3＋ and Pr^3＋） were prepared by the conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction in a reductive atmosphere. Their properties were systemati- cally investigated utilizing X-ray diffraction （XRD）, photoluminescence, phosphorescence and thermoluminescence （TL） spectra. The phosphors emitted blue light that was related to the emission of E~＋ due to 5d-4f transition. Bright blue long-lasting phosphorescence （LLP） could be observed after the excitation source was switched off. For the optimized sample, the blue long-lasting phosphores- cence could last for nearly 4 h in the light perception of the dark-adapted human eye （0.32 mcd/m2）. The effects of RE3＋ ions on phosphorescence properties of the phosphors were studied, and the results showed that the co-doping of RE^3＋ ions greatly enhanced the intensity of the peak around 315 K which was related to the long lasting phosphorescence of the phosphors at room temperature and consequently improved the performance of the blue phosphorescence such as intensity and persistent time.展开更多
A white long-lasting phosphor Ca2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ was prepared by the solid-state reaction. A strong band peaked at 260 nm was shown in the excitation spectrum of 578 nm emission, which might be attributed to the oxygen d...A white long-lasting phosphor Ca2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ was prepared by the solid-state reaction. A strong band peaked at 260 nm was shown in the excitation spectrum of 578 nm emission, which might be attributed to the oxygen deficiency of the host. After irradiated with 254 nm for 4 min, the white afterglow of the sample could be seen for 3 h. Moreover, the depths and frequency factors of trap centers were calculated from the thermo-luminescence curve of the sample, which indicated that the trap centers corresponding to the 414 K band were more helpful to the long-lasting phosphorescence.展开更多
A novel white light emitting long-lasting phosphor Cd1-xDyxSiO3 is reported in this letter. The Dy3+ doped CdSiO3 phosphor emits white light. The phosphorescence can be seen with the naked eye in the dark clearly ev...A novel white light emitting long-lasting phosphor Cd1-xDyxSiO3 is reported in this letter. The Dy3+ doped CdSiO3 phosphor emits white light. The phosphorescence can be seen with the naked eye in the dark clearly even after the 254 nm UV irradiation have been removed for about 30 min. In the emission spectrum of 5% Dy3+ doped CdSiO3 phosphor, there are two emission peaks of Dy3+, 580 nm (4F9/26H13/2) and 486 nm (4F9/26H15/2), as well as a broad band emission located at about 410 nm. All the three emissions form a white light with CIE chromaticity coordinates x=0.3874, y=0.3760 and the color temperature is 4000 K under 254 nm excitation. It indicated that this phosphor is a promising new luminescent material for practice application.展开更多
Long-lasting phosphor Y2O2S ： Eu^3＋ , Mg^2＋ , Ti^4＋ was synthesized by a flux method and their luminescence properties were investigated. The result indicates that the unit cell parameter c is linearly increased w...Long-lasting phosphor Y2O2S ： Eu^3＋ , Mg^2＋ , Ti^4＋ was synthesized by a flux method and their luminescence properties were investigated. The result indicates that the unit cell parameter c is linearly increased with the increase of Eu2O3 content in Y2O2S： Eu^3＋ （0.01 ≤ x ≤0.10）. On the other hand, the change of unit cell parameter a is not linear dependence. In the Y2O2S： Eu^3 ＋ crystal structure, Eu^3＋ ions only replaced Y^3 ＋ ions＇ places in which it posited center position of c axis. With the increase of Eu2O3 content, the position of the strongest emission peak changed from 540 nm （5D1→^ 7F2 transition） to 626 nm （^5Do→^7TF2 transition）, and the maximum intensity was obtained when x = 0.09 in Y2O2S： Eu^3＋ （0.01 ≤x ≤0.10）. This is due to the environment of trivalent europium in the crystal structure of Y2O2S. Doping with Mg^2＋ or Ti^4＋. ions alone cannot get the good long-lasting afterglow effect, whereas co-doping with Mg^2 ＋ and Ti^4 ＋ ions and excited with 365 nm ultraviolet light, a strong thermoluminesence peak appeared, red and orange long-lasting phosphorescence （LLP） was also observed and the phosphorescence lasted nearly 3 h in the light perception of the dark-adapted human eye （0.32 mcd·m^-2）. Thus the LLP mechanism was analyzed.展开更多
The red long-lasting phosphorescent （LLP） of β-Zn3（POa）2：Mn2＋,pr3＋ material was prepared through combustion and conventional solid-state sintering methods. The influence of Pr3＋ ions on luminescence and LLP o...The red long-lasting phosphorescent （LLP） of β-Zn3（POa）2：Mn2＋,pr3＋ material was prepared through combustion and conventional solid-state sintering methods. The influence of Pr3＋ ions on luminescence and LLP of Mn2＋ in 13-Zn3（POa）2：Mn2＋,pr3＋ phosphor was systematically investigated. The phosphor presented a strong photoluminescence peak at 620 nm attributed to the 4T1g→ 6A1 g transition of Mn2＋ ions in octahedral coordination. Red LLP was observed in β-Zn3（PO4）2：Mn2＋,Pr3＋ phosphors with persistence time for more than 2 h. It was found that the long persistent phosphorescent performance of Mn2＋ such as brightness and duration was improved by the energy transfer from Pr3＋ to Mn2＋ when Pr3＋ ions as sensitizers were doped into matrix. The fact that the TL peak at low temperature was largely enhanced in Mn2＋, Pr3＋ codoped ^-Zn3（PO4）2 phosphor showed the significant increase of defect concentration with suitable depth. There existed two factors working together to be responsible for the enhancement of LLP performance in β-Zn3（PO4）2：Mn2＋,Pr3＋.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to screen a new ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxic pesticide and convenient and efficient pesticide application technology for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera and Baliathrips...[Objective]The paper was to screen a new ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxic pesticide and convenient and efficient pesticide application technology for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera and Baliathrips serratus. [Method]2% Imidacloprid GR were selected and applied in the soil for field efficacy trial. [Result] The optimum dosage of 2% imidacloprid GR was 30 kg/hm^2（ active ingredient 600 g）,which can be mixed with fertilizer（ 30 kg pesticide and 40-80 kg fertilizer per hm^2） once combined with sugarcane planting management or big ridging during February and June. The control effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus could be more than 98. 2% and 81. 1%,respectively. The actual yield and sugar content in various pesticide treatments were increased by 33 390 kg/hm^2 and 6. 6% respectively compared to blank control. [Conclusion]2% imidacloprid GR has good control effects on C. lanigera and B. serratus. It is a new pesticide with ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxin effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus. Therefore,it could be used alternatively with other pesticides,to delay production and development of drug resistance.展开更多
文摘The present work provides a facile and efficient method for producing ultrafine copper powders.Ultrafine copper powders were synthesized through a solvothermal method,utilizing ethanol both as a solvent and a reducing agent.Specifically,by exploiting the weak reducing property of ethanol,the copper precursor is first converted to copper oxide and then further reduced to cuprous oxide and pure copper.Such a method can effectively control the morphology and particle size of the copper powder,reduce particle aggregation,and enhance oxidation resistance.It is cost-effective and produces fewer toxic by-products.Spherical copper particles with an average particle size of about 180 nm were obtained.The initial oxidation temperature is approximately 150℃,and the resulting copper powders can be stored stably under ambient conditions for at least 5 months,demonstrating excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability.
基金Shaanxi Province Qin Chuangyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Construction Project(2022KXJ-071)2022 Qin Chuangyuan Achievement Transformation Incubation Capacity Improvement Project(2022JH-ZHFHTS-0012)+8 种基金Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Plan-“Two Chains”Integration Key Project-Qin Chuangyuan General Window Industrial Cluster Project(2023QCY-LL-02)Xixian New Area Science and Technology Plan(2022-YXYJ-003,2022-XXCY-010)2024 Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi National Defense Industry Vocational and Technical College(Gfy24-07)Shaanxi Vocational and Technical Education Association 2024 Vocational Education Teaching Reform Research Topic(2024SZX354)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20115)2024 Shaanxi Provincial Education Department Service Local Special Scientific Research Program Project-Industrialization Cultivation Project(24JC005,24JC063)Shaanxi Province“14th Five-Year Plan”Education Science Plan,2024 Project(SGH24Y3181)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4606400)Longmen Laboratory Frontier Exploration Topics Project(LMQYTSKT003)。
文摘A dual-phase synergistic enhancement method was adopted to strengthen the Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)by leveraging the unique advantages of Er and TiB_(2).Spherical powders of 0.5wt%Er-1wt%TiB_(2)/Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr nanocomposite were prepared using vacuum homogenization technique,and the density of samples prepared through the LPBF process reached 99.8%.The strengthening and toughening mechanisms of Er-TiB_(2)were investigated.The results show that Al_(3)Er diffraction peaks are detected by X-ray diffraction analysis,and texture strength decreases according to electron backscatter diffraction results.The added Er and TiB_(2)nano-reinforcing phases act as heterogeneous nucleation sites during the LPBF forming process,hindering grain growth and effectively refining the grains.After incorporating the Er-TiB_(2)dual-phase nano-reinforcing phases,the tensile strength and elongation at break of the LPBF-deposited samples reach 550 MPa and 18.7%,which are 13.4%and 26.4%higher than those of the matrix material,respectively.
基金funded by The Science Foundation of Henan University of Technology(2021BS038)The Open Project Program of National Engineering Re-search Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing(NL2022014)Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program Joint Fund(Application Research and De-velopment Category)(242103810082).
文摘High-moisture meat analogues(HMMAs)offer sustainable protein alternatives to conventional meat and become a research hotspot in recent years.This study systematically investigated the impact of nori powder(NP)incorporation(0.5%–2.0%)on the physicochemical and structural properties of HMMAs.Rheological analysis revealed that NP reduced the viscosity(consistency coefficient K decreased from 65.67 Pa⋅s to 16.66–19.99 Pa⋅s)and enhanced the fluidity(flow behavior index n increased from 0.25 to 0.33–0.38)of raw material.NP addition progressively decreased the redness values(a*),except for 0.5%NP level.At 1.0%NP level,HMMAs exhibited a denser microstructure with reduced water mobility,resulting in the lowest water holding capacity(2.07 g/g).Conversely,2.0%NP promoted highly oriented fibrous structures,achieving a maximal texturization degree of 1.51.Secondary structure analysis indicated NP facilitated a shift fromα-helix toβ-sheet conformations(β-sheet content increased from 26.06%to 29.92%at 2.0%NP),resulting in stabilized protein networks.These modifications were attributed to NP-induced hydrophobic interactions and polysaccharide-protein crosslinking.The study demonstrates NP's role in modulating HMMA texture and nutrition,providing critical insights for developing fiber-enhanced,nutrient-fortified HMMAs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52436008)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Projects,China(Nos.JMRHZX20210003 and 2023YFCY0009)+3 种基金the Huaneng Group Co Ltd.,China(No.HNKJ23-H50)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22408044)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761877)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.SQ2024YFD2200039)。
文摘The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbide nanowires using lignite and waste silicon powder as raw materials through carbothermal reduction.The staggered structure of nanowires promotes the creation of interfacial polarization,impedance matching,and multiple loss mechanisms,leading to enhanced electromagnetic absorption performance.The silicon carbide nanowires demonstrate outstanding electromagnetic absorption capabilities with the minimum reflection loss of-48.09 d B at10.08 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth(the reflection loss less than-10 d B)ranging from 8.54 to 16.68 GHz with a thickness of 2.17 mm.This research presents an innovative approach for utilizing solid waste in an environmentally friendly manner to produce broadband silicon carbide composite absorbers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2341249,12005076,22205112)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2025201012)。
文摘The presence of a surface oxide film(B_(2)O_(3))on boron(B)particles significantly compromises their combustion efficiency and kinetic performance in fuel-rich solid propellants.This study proposes an innovative continuous modification strategy combining non-thermal plasma(NTP)etching with fluorocarbon passivation.Characterization and kinetic analysis revealed that reactive plasma species—including atomic hydrogen(H),electronically excited molecular hydrogen(H_(2)^(*)),vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen(H_(2)v),and hydrogen ions(H^(+))—dominate the reduction of B_(2)O_(3)through lowering the transition energy barrier and shifting the reaction spontaneity.Subsequent argon plasma fragmentation of C_(8)F_(18)generates fluorocarbon radicals that form conformal passivation coatings(thickness:7 nm)on purified boron surfaces.The modified boron particles exhibit 37.5℃lower exothermic peak temperature and 27.2%higher heat release(14.8 kJ/g vs.11.6 kJ/g)compared to untreated counterparts.Combustion diagnostics reveal 194%increase in maximum flame height(135.10 mm vs.46.03 mm)and 134%enhancement in flame propagation rate(4.44 cm/s vs.1.90 cm/s).This NTP-based surface engineering approach establishes a scalable pathway for developing highperformance boron-based energetic composites.
基金Projects(52571276,52275395,U24A20120,52475362)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2025JJ30015)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China+3 种基金Project(2023RC3046)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2023YFB4605800)supported by National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2023CXQD023)supported by the Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme,ChinaProject supported by the State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance,Central South University,China。
文摘Zn's natural degradability and biocompatibility make it a promising candidate for implants,however,its mechanical properties remain insufficient for bone applications.In this study,the performance of Zn was enhanced by developing Zn-Cu alloys via laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).Optimal LPBF parameters for forming stable tracks were achieved by adjusting laser power and scanning speed.Under optimized conditions of 100 W and 100 mm/s,high density(99.58%)Zn-Cu alloys with improved hardness(68.2 HV)and yield strength(160 MPa)were achieved.These improvements are attributed to solid solution strengthening,segregation strengthening,and grain refinement.The Zn-Cu alloys also demonstrated favorable degradation behavior,with a rate of 0.16 mm/year.This degradation is primarily driven by micro-galvanic corrosion between the CuZn 5 phase and Zn matrix,along with refined grains and increased grain boundary density.This work demonstrates a viable strategy for fabricating Zn-based implants with enhanced structural integrity and mechanical performance via LPBF.
文摘As the primary functional component of a fusion reactor,the fusion blanket pebble bed,composed of numerous particles,is crucial for tritium breeding,neutron multiplication,and radiation shielding.Particles within tritium-breeding pebble beds are subjected to prolonged neutron irradiation,high thermal loads,and strong magnetic fields in fusion environments.Such conditions render them susceptible to pulverization and fragmentation.The resulting fragments and powders migrate and are deposited into the gas channel,driven by the purge gas.The reduction in the effective flow area of the gas increases the flow resistance,resulting in tritium retention,degraded heat transfer,and other adverse effects.These conditions impair the thermodynamic properties of the pebble beds and hinder the self-maintenance of tritium.Limited information exists on powder migration and clogging mechanisms in fusion blanket pebble beds,particularly under diverse physical conditions.The aim of this study was to use a computational fluid dynamics model coupled with the discrete element method(CFD-DEM)to numerically explore powder migration and clogging in pebble beds.The model considers factors such as breeder orientation,purge velocity,powder size distribution,and friction coefficient.We propose two migration and clogging mechanisms.One involves powder with a large particle size,and the other does not.The results indicate that the powder migration velocity progresses through three stages:rapid decay,linear decay,and stability.Pebble-bed clogging manifests in two forms:extensive superficial clogging and uniform internal clogging.Two fitted curves were used to depict the migration and clogging tendencies.The powder size distribution significantly influenced the powder migration.The breeder orientation,powder size,and friction coefficient affected the distribution of the clogging powders.However,the impact of the purge velocity on powder migration and clogging in pebble beds was limited,and this effect varied significantly with different particle size ratios.Based on the analysis,a formula is proposed to characterize the behavior of the powder in the pebble beds.The results of this study can aid in analyzing and predicting powder dynamics in pebble beds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274318).
文摘A full-sectional microstructure characterization method was developed to investigate the formation of coarse slag rims during the continuous casting of hypo-peritectic steel.The cross-sectional microstructural analysis of typical slag rims for two highly crystalline powders revealed that their formation was primarily driven by the solidification of the liquid slag.Distinct differences were observed in the microstructures of slag rims from the two powders.Powder A(characterized by a higher breaking temperature and viscosity)displayed alternating lamellar microstructures of coarse and fine phases,with the coarse phases composed of akermanite-gehlenite transition phases.In contrast,powder B(with a lower breaking temperature and viscosity)predominantly comprised regular akermanite-gehlenite crystals interspersed with a certain amount of glassy phases.Numerical simulations of a three-phase fluid flow coupled with heat transfer indicate that slag rim formation correlates with mold oscillation.Solidification of the liquid slag at the slag rim front predominantly occurs during the negative stroke of the mold oscillation.The average heating rate during the ascending stage of the mold reaches approximately 100 K·s^(−1),whereas the average cooling rate during the descending stage attains 400 K·s^(−1).This temperature variation leads to the formation of lamellar microstructures,whereas the ascending stage promotes the formation of coarse structures and thicker slag rims.Based on the powder properties,two distinct formation pathways exist for highly crystalline mold powders.For the powders with a higher breaking temperature,higher viscosity,and narrower solidification range(powder A),coarse microstructures and thicker slag rims were preferentially formed.For powders with lower breaking temperature and viscosity and wider solidification ranges(powder B),the liquid slag resisted rapid solidification,and the extended mushy zone allowed the partial liquid slag to persist at the slag rim front,promoting the formation of a thin slag rim.This study enhances the understanding of slag rim formation in highly crystalline mold powders and provides critical insights into the control of longitudinal surface cracks in hypo-peritectic steel.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52375466,51975504)Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022A1515110862)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology(Grant No.JSKL2223K06)Hunan Provincial Excellent Youth Project of Education Department(Grant No.22B0109).
文摘Powder paving is an intermediate process of selective laser sintering(SLS).The dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of sintered components are directly affected by the quality of the powder paving process,which is closely related to the flow characteristics of the powder and the process parameters of powder paving.This study investigated the simulation and optimization of the nylon powder paving in SLS by combining a discrete-element-method numerical simulation with a process test.A dynamic model was established to describe the flow and paving process of nylon powder at a preheating temperature considering mesoscopic van der Waals and electrostatic forces.The effects of the physical parameters and ambient temperature on the flow characteristics of nylon powder were analyzed,and the intrinsic relationship between the physical parameters of nylon powder,the process parameters of powder paving,and the quality of the powder paving were explored.A multi-objective regression model of the quality of powder paving was established using the response surface methodology,and a genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the quality of the powder paving.A scientific and intelligent database of the nylon powder paving process in SLS was constructed by matching the process parameters of powder paving and physical parameters of the nylon powder,and the level of the SLS process was improved.
基金support of the Research and Development Program in Key Areas of Guangdong Province,China(No.2019B090907001)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2014B010129002)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0305800)。
文摘The densification characterization,phase constitution,precipitation evolution and mechanical performance of Al−Mg−Sc−Zr alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)were systematically investigated.Moreover,the evolution of phase constitution and precipitation behavior after heat treatment were characterized by using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscope(TEM)analysis.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of as-built samples ranged from 396.8 to 414.6 MPa as the scanning speed decreased from 1600 to 1000 mm/s.After post heat treatment,the yield strength(YS)increased to(513.1±1.3)MPa,while the UTS increased from(414.6±5.1)to(539.2±1.5)MPa.The significant improvement of mechanical performance was ascribed to the formation of secondary Al3(Sc,Zr)precipitates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51871243)the National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity,China(No.ASSIKFJJ202304001)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting and Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering,China(No.PBSKL2022C01)the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Neutron Scattering Science and Technology,China(No.HT-CSNS-DG-CD-0092/2021)the Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,China(No.22kfgk06)the Hubei Longzhong Laboratory,China(No.2022KF-08)。
文摘Laser remelting(LR)was used as an auxiliary post-treatment process for the Ti6Al4V titanium alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).Optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and electron back scattering diffraction(EBSD)observations showed that the grains in melted zone(MZ)transformed into equiaxial grains with an average size of 1.31μm,and the grains in heat affected zone(HAZ)were refined.Moreover,the texture intensity dropped significantly from 13.86 to 6.35 in MZ and 10.79 in HAZ.The temperature gradient(G)to solidification rate(R)ratio decreased when the laser scanning speed slowed down to a certain extent in the LR process,which effectively improved the highly preferred orientation and filled the hole defects in the surface of LPBF-Ti6Al4V.Furthermore,the hardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the LPBF samples were improved by LR treatment.
文摘We read with great interest the study by Zhang et al on Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang powder(YFB),which exemplifies the power of modern methods to validate traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The key insight is that YFB doesn’t merely alter“good”or“bad”bacteria but restores the gut microbiota’s holistic equilibrium.This is powerfully shown by its paradoxical reduction of anaerobic probiotics like Bifidobacterium,rectifying the diseased,hypoxic environment,causing their aberrant overgrowth.This challenges the conventional probiotic paradigm and underscores a core TCM principle:Herbal formulas treat disease by restoring the body’s overall functional balance.Future research should focus on the interplay between herbal components,intestinal oxygen,and microbial metabolites to further unravel this sophisticated dialogue.
基金Project supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB935502)National Natural Science Foundation of China (20921002)
文摘Long-lasting phosphorescence （LLP） was observed in Ce-doped Y3Al5O12 phosphors synthesized in reducing atmosphere. The characteristic emission of the 2D–2F5/2 and 2D–2F7/2 transition of Ce3＋ in photoluminescence （PL） and LLP spectra was studied. It was interesting that the ratio between the peak areas of 2D–2F5/2 and 2D–2F 7/2 transitions in the PL spectrum was different from the ratio of that in LLP emission spectrum. And the ratios had different change regularities with increased Ce3＋ concentration. The possible reason was attributed to the defect in the YAG host,which was affected by increasing the Ce3＋ concentration. There were indications that the defect in the Ce3＋-doped YAG samples was strongly associated with oxygen vacancy. And the defect levels were studied through thermoluminescence （TL） experiment. The results showed that the trap depth was between 0.6 and 0.65 eV,and the kinetic order of the LLP was 2.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10404028)Young Scientists Innovation Foundation of Fujian Province (2007F3027)
文摘As an improvement of reported Y2O2S：Tb^3＋, a white-light long-lasting phosphor： Y2O2S：Tb^3＋, Sm^3＋ was prepared by the solid-state reaction. The photo-luminescence spectra showed that the position and shape of Tb^3＋ and Sm^3＋ emissions under UV excitation were similar in this host, which ensured a stable white emission color （daylight standard of IEC） under different excitations. The decay curves of co-doped samples indicated that the decay times of emissions of the two ions were close. The thermo-luminescence measurement suggested that the traps created by the doped Sm^3＋ ions were helpful to postpone the white afterglow of co-doped samples. Therefore, the function of co-doped Sm^3＋ ions was confirmed as improving the white emission colors of samples and acting as new trap centers.
基金Project financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51102229)
文摘A series of novel blue long-lasting phosphorescence phosphors Sr6A118Si2037：Eu^2＋,RE^3＋ （RE3＋=Ho^3＋, Gd^3＋, Dy^3＋ and Pr^3＋） were prepared by the conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction in a reductive atmosphere. Their properties were systemati- cally investigated utilizing X-ray diffraction （XRD）, photoluminescence, phosphorescence and thermoluminescence （TL） spectra. The phosphors emitted blue light that was related to the emission of E~＋ due to 5d-4f transition. Bright blue long-lasting phosphorescence （LLP） could be observed after the excitation source was switched off. For the optimized sample, the blue long-lasting phosphores- cence could last for nearly 4 h in the light perception of the dark-adapted human eye （0.32 mcd/m2）. The effects of RE3＋ ions on phosphorescence properties of the phosphors were studied, and the results showed that the co-doping of RE^3＋ ions greatly enhanced the intensity of the peak around 315 K which was related to the long lasting phosphorescence of the phosphors at room temperature and consequently improved the performance of the blue phosphorescence such as intensity and persistent time.
基金Project supported by the Young Scientists' Innovation Foundation of Fujian Province (2007F3027)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (A0510014)+2 种基金the Science Foundation of the Department of Science and Technology of Fujian Province of China (2006F5025)the Science Foundation of the Educational Department of Fujian Province of China (JB08063)the Special Science Foundation for Key Research of Fujian Province (2007HJ0004-2)
文摘A white long-lasting phosphor Ca2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ was prepared by the solid-state reaction. A strong band peaked at 260 nm was shown in the excitation spectrum of 578 nm emission, which might be attributed to the oxygen deficiency of the host. After irradiated with 254 nm for 4 min, the white afterglow of the sample could be seen for 3 h. Moreover, the depths and frequency factors of trap centers were calculated from the thermo-luminescence curve of the sample, which indicated that the trap centers corresponding to the 414 K band were more helpful to the long-lasting phosphorescence.
文摘A novel white light emitting long-lasting phosphor Cd1-xDyxSiO3 is reported in this letter. The Dy3+ doped CdSiO3 phosphor emits white light. The phosphorescence can be seen with the naked eye in the dark clearly even after the 254 nm UV irradiation have been removed for about 30 min. In the emission spectrum of 5% Dy3+ doped CdSiO3 phosphor, there are two emission peaks of Dy3+, 580 nm (4F9/26H13/2) and 486 nm (4F9/26H15/2), as well as a broad band emission located at about 410 nm. All the three emissions form a white light with CIE chromaticity coordinates x=0.3874, y=0.3760 and the color temperature is 4000 K under 254 nm excitation. It indicated that this phosphor is a promising new luminescent material for practice application.
文摘Long-lasting phosphor Y2O2S ： Eu^3＋ , Mg^2＋ , Ti^4＋ was synthesized by a flux method and their luminescence properties were investigated. The result indicates that the unit cell parameter c is linearly increased with the increase of Eu2O3 content in Y2O2S： Eu^3＋ （0.01 ≤ x ≤0.10）. On the other hand, the change of unit cell parameter a is not linear dependence. In the Y2O2S： Eu^3 ＋ crystal structure, Eu^3＋ ions only replaced Y^3 ＋ ions＇ places in which it posited center position of c axis. With the increase of Eu2O3 content, the position of the strongest emission peak changed from 540 nm （5D1→^ 7F2 transition） to 626 nm （^5Do→^7TF2 transition）, and the maximum intensity was obtained when x = 0.09 in Y2O2S： Eu^3＋ （0.01 ≤x ≤0.10）. This is due to the environment of trivalent europium in the crystal structure of Y2O2S. Doping with Mg^2＋ or Ti^4＋. ions alone cannot get the good long-lasting afterglow effect, whereas co-doping with Mg^2 ＋ and Ti^4 ＋ ions and excited with 365 nm ultraviolet light, a strong thermoluminesence peak appeared, red and orange long-lasting phosphorescence （LLP） was also observed and the phosphorescence lasted nearly 3 h in the light perception of the dark-adapted human eye （0.32 mcd·m^-2）. Thus the LLP mechanism was analyzed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91222110)Key Project of Industry-University-Research of Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province(2010H6029,2012H6026)+1 种基金Key Project of Advanced Industry of Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province(2013H0053)the Training Program of Fujian Excellent Talents in University
文摘The red long-lasting phosphorescent （LLP） of β-Zn3（POa）2：Mn2＋,pr3＋ material was prepared through combustion and conventional solid-state sintering methods. The influence of Pr3＋ ions on luminescence and LLP of Mn2＋ in 13-Zn3（POa）2：Mn2＋,pr3＋ phosphor was systematically investigated. The phosphor presented a strong photoluminescence peak at 620 nm attributed to the 4T1g→ 6A1 g transition of Mn2＋ ions in octahedral coordination. Red LLP was observed in β-Zn3（PO4）2：Mn2＋,Pr3＋ phosphors with persistence time for more than 2 h. It was found that the long persistent phosphorescent performance of Mn2＋ such as brightness and duration was improved by the energy transfer from Pr3＋ to Mn2＋ when Pr3＋ ions as sensitizers were doped into matrix. The fact that the TL peak at low temperature was largely enhanced in Mn2＋, Pr3＋ codoped ^-Zn3（PO4）2 phosphor showed the significant increase of defect concentration with suitable depth. There existed two factors working together to be responsible for the enhancement of LLP performance in β-Zn3（PO4）2：Mn2＋,Pr3＋.
基金Supported by Special Fund for China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-20-2-2)Special Fund for Agricultural Industry Research System of Yunnan Province(YNGZTX-4-92)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to screen a new ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxic pesticide and convenient and efficient pesticide application technology for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera and Baliathrips serratus. [Method]2% Imidacloprid GR were selected and applied in the soil for field efficacy trial. [Result] The optimum dosage of 2% imidacloprid GR was 30 kg/hm^2（ active ingredient 600 g）,which can be mixed with fertilizer（ 30 kg pesticide and 40-80 kg fertilizer per hm^2） once combined with sugarcane planting management or big ridging during February and June. The control effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus could be more than 98. 2% and 81. 1%,respectively. The actual yield and sugar content in various pesticide treatments were increased by 33 390 kg/hm^2 and 6. 6% respectively compared to blank control. [Conclusion]2% imidacloprid GR has good control effects on C. lanigera and B. serratus. It is a new pesticide with ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxin effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus. Therefore,it could be used alternatively with other pesticides,to delay production and development of drug resistance.
