Objective: To analyze the impact of combined Watson care theory intervention on the psychological state and quality of life in patients with terminal lung cancer. Methods: 72 patients with terminal lung cancer admitte...Objective: To analyze the impact of combined Watson care theory intervention on the psychological state and quality of life in patients with terminal lung cancer. Methods: 72 patients with terminal lung cancer admitted from March 2021 to January 2024 were selected, which were divided into research group (life review combined with Watson care theory intervention) and control group (conventional intervention), with 36 cases each. Compare the nursing effect between the two groups. Results: The anxiety self-rating scale (SAS) and depression self-rating scale (SDS) scores were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the quality of life score was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Life review combined with Watson care theory intervention can improve the psychological state and improve the quality of life of patients with terminal lung cancer.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine Effectiveness Life Review on Life Satisfaction among Adolescents under the Supervision of Qazvin Well-being Center 2012-2013. Method: This study was a quasi-experiment...Objective: The aim of this study was to determine Effectiveness Life Review on Life Satisfaction among Adolescents under the Supervision of Qazvin Well-being Center 2012-2013. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental research including experimental and control groups with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population consisted of all 12 - 18 years old male students who were nurtured in Qazvin Well-being Center, among whom 16 individuals were selected through applying purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups with equal number of subjects. The investigation was done using Diener’s (1985) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) Questionnaire. The experimental group received life review therapy in 6 sessions (90 minutes per session). Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), using SPSS software. Results: Results indicated that life review therapy was effective in increasing male adolescents’ life satisfaction living in the welfare center. Conclusion: Life review therapy improves quality of life and life satisfaction;therefore, this treatment can be used as an effective method to improve the living conditions of young people.展开更多
GOALS: The aims of this study were to evaluate the treatment efficacy of the structured life review interviews and the Short-Term Life Review on the spiritual well-being of terminally ill cancer patients, in order to ...GOALS: The aims of this study were to evaluate the treatment efficacy of the structured life review interviews and the Short-Term Life Review on the spiritual well-being of terminally ill cancer patients, in order to improve patients’ quality of life. SUBJECTS and METHODS: Participants were patients in palliative care units in Japan. In the study 1, the structured life review interviews were conducted with 12 patients. They completed the QOL scale of the SELT-M (Skalen zur Erfassung von Lebens qualitat bei Tumor- kranken–Modified Version) questionnaire before and after the interviews. In the study 2, the Short-Term Life Review was conducted with 30 patients. They reviewed their lives in the first session and they confirmed the contents in the album based on the life review in the second session. Duration of the treatment was one week. Measurement instruments included Func- tional Assessment Chronic Illness Therapy- Spiritual (FACIT-Sp). RESULTS: After the structured life review, the mean overall QOL score and Spirituality subscale score of the SELT-M significantly increased, from 2.57 ± 0.61 to 3.58 ± 1.0 (p=0.013) and 2.57 ± 0.61 to 3.14 ± 2.25 (P=0.023), respectively. After the Short-Term Life Review, the mean FACIT-Sp scores significantly increased from 16 ± 8.2 to 24 ± 7.1. CONCLUSION: Both the structured life review and the Short-Term Life Review may be effective in improving the spiritual well-being of terminally ill cancer patients, being higher feasibility for the Short-Term Life Review. We need to use these therapies understanding characteristics of each therapy.展开更多
Objective: The aims of the study were to develop a Simple Life Review Interview as psychotherapy for terminally ill cancer patients with slight cognitive impairment, and to examine the feasibility and effects of this ...Objective: The aims of the study were to develop a Simple Life Review Interview as psychotherapy for terminally ill cancer patients with slight cognitive impairment, and to examine the feasibility and effects of this approach on spiritual well-being and quality of life. Methods: The participants were 5 terminally ill cancer patients in a palliative care unit. They completed questionnaires for the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual (FACIT-Sp) scale, Good Death Inventory (Hope, Burden, Human Relationship, Respect as an Individual), and Distress and Impact Thermometer. Results: The Simple Life Review Interview consisted of viewing a DVD and reviewing the patient's life using questions that are applicable to terminally ill cancer patients with slight cognitive impairment. Overall, the FACIT-Sp score and the scores for Hope, Human Relationship, and Respect as an Individual on the Good Death Inventory increased, while the Burden score and the Distress and Impact Thermometer score decreased. However, there were some exceptions to these results. Conclusion: The Simple Life Review is feasible for terminally ill cancer patients with some cognitive impairments, and might be effective for improving spiritual well-being, Good Death, and psychological distress in these patients.展开更多
The objective of this literature review was to identify and examine research where Patient Participation was used as a part of intervention targeting general life style among patients who comes in contact with a nurse...The objective of this literature review was to identify and examine research where Patient Participation was used as a part of intervention targeting general life style among patients who comes in contact with a nurse. A literature search were conducted and included papers where judged by the researcher using recommendation from The Danish Centre for Clinical Guidelines. Analysis of the papers was carried out using Per?kyl? and Ruusuvauoris five components of Patient Participation as a theoretical template. It was concluded that the clinical effects of Patient Participation still needs to be clarified.展开更多
Sorafenib is a new treatment indicated for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who have failed prior cytokine-based therapy or are considered unsuitable for such therapy. Although treatment with sorafenib und...Sorafenib is a new treatment indicated for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who have failed prior cytokine-based therapy or are considered unsuitable for such therapy. Although treatment with sorafenib under ‘ideal trial conditions’ has been extensively studied, registration and reimbursement authorities are also interested in the behavior of sorafenib in real-life practice. This study aims to conduct a literature review of the dosage and treatment duration;safety, tolerability and effectiveness;costs and cost-effectiveness of sorafenib in routine clinical care. Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination databases, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and EconLit up to November 2010. The literature search included articles published in peer-reviewed journals, congress abstracts, and internal studies of Bayer Schering Pharma. Eight studies were included. An open-label study observed stable disease for at least eight weeks in 80% of patients. The most common drug-related adverse events were hand-foot skin reaction, rash, hypertension, and fatigue. Although treatment with sorafenib led to fewer dose reductions, it was also associated with a shorter treatment duration, less time to pro-gression and a shorter survival time as compared to sunitinib. Monthly health care costs were lower with sorafenib as compared to sunitinib. A post-marketing surveillance study showed that patients rated the tolerability and effectiveness of sorafenib as very good, good or sufficient. In conclusion, the current evidence is too limited to derive conclusions and existing studies suffer from methodological shortcomings.展开更多
The effective implementation of the project management plays a core roll in avoiding bad project use effect and waste of funds, caused by asset management planning and design errors or equipment selection errors;meanw...The effective implementation of the project management plays a core roll in avoiding bad project use effect and waste of funds, caused by asset management planning and design errors or equipment selection errors;meanwhile, it can effectively improve the operational efficiency of enterprise assets, lower operating costs and save resources. In June 1974, A. Gordon published a paper “3L Economics Concept” as the starting point, on the “Building and Quantity Surveying”, which is organized by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. In this paper, a review of domestic and foreign research, from 1974 to 2015, on the total life cycle management progress will be given, and then a comment on it will be established. After detailed investigation and analysis of related materials, we can draw a conclusion: the study of the oil and gas development project lifecycle management is just beginning now. Hence, building the whole life cycle planning index system in line with the characteristics of oil and gas development project is very necessary.展开更多
Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) are essential tools in clinical practice and research to assess patients’ needs from their unique perspectives. They allow the healthcare team to monitor patient ...Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) are essential tools in clinical practice and research to assess patients’ needs from their unique perspectives. They allow the healthcare team to monitor patient status and concerns outside the clinical setting. However, the real innovation in this field is its digitization: electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs). Aims: This review aimed to get an overview of whether these new technologies are being used to aid palliative care teams in their daily struggle to provide comfort to their patients. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science, up to November 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The search strategy yielded 242 records, of which 13 met the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, relevant information related to ePROMs was extracted from each study. Results: Outcomes were grouped into the quality of life assessment, symptom burden and simple assessments, and the decision to introduce Palliative Cures (PC). In 61.5% of cases, ePROMs positively impacted patients’ quality of life. Furthermore, in 46.15% of cases, ePROMs led Primary Care (PC) teams to make an ethical decision;the same relative value as in the circumstances did not define the direction in ethical terms. Conclusion: Remind professionals and patients that these tools exist and can be applied in many situations. If used correctly, they can provide patients with a better quality of life and more complete information for professionals.展开更多
Background: involving patient in end of life decision is important to understand their wishes and preferences to help health care providers in improving the quality of dying and minimizing suffering. Aim: the aim of t...Background: involving patient in end of life decision is important to understand their wishes and preferences to help health care providers in improving the quality of dying and minimizing suffering. Aim: the aim of this review was to provide a detailed examination of the available literature related to patients’ involvement in decision making at end of life. Design: a systematic review following the PRISMA protocol was used, the review protocol was registered on PROSPERO: CRD42019128556. Data sources: we conducted a literature search in two electronic databases “CINAHL and Medline” during March-April 2019. The retrieved articles were included if they were: research reports or literature review;examined patient involvement in end-of-life discussions;full text publications, written in English and published from 2000-2019. Results: a total of (22) articles were included in the review;there was diversity in the purposes and design approach of the retrieved studies. The available literature explored patient’s involvement at end-of-life decision making through;describing current practices;understanding perspectives of end of life discussions;investigating the impact and identifying the barriers and facilitators of patients’ involvement in end of life discussions. Conclusion: involvement in end-of-life discussions improved the recognition of patients’ wishes, improved death experience, and decreased posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety among family members. Despite the documented benefits, some barriers against patient’s involvement in end-of-life decisions were recognized;lack of awareness;lack of education, training and experience;concerns about ethical and legal issues;and personal preferences of doctors or nurses were among the most commonly identified barriers.展开更多
Background: Dementia is a condition with progressive cognitive dysfunction and manifestation of both behavioral and psychosocial symptoms. Non-pharmacological measures such as music therapy are gaining importance sinc...Background: Dementia is a condition with progressive cognitive dysfunction and manifestation of both behavioral and psychosocial symptoms. Non-pharmacological measures such as music therapy are gaining importance since efficacy and safety of people with dementia have been questionable for pharmacological measures. Patient’s response to music is persistent even in the later stage of dementia. Aim: This rapid review aims to identify, analyze, evaluate, and summarize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of music-based therapeutic interventions among people with dementia. Method: CINAHL Cochrane Library, internet websites of rapid review producers, and reference lists were searched to identify articles for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened the literature search results. Effectiveness, music-based therapeutic intervention, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, systematic review and systematic review with meta-analysis terms were used to abstract data from included studies. Main Findings: 11 SRs and SRs with meta-analysis were reviewed which revealed positive effect of music therapy on five major outcomes with 9 studies effect on behavioral outcome, 6 studies with positive effect on psychosocial outcome reducing anxiety, 6 with improved cognition, 1 study revealed with improved quality of life and 1 study revealed effect on physiological outcomes. Conclusion: Music therapy has positive effect on treatment of dementia but further studies with larger sample size and specified to single intervention should be conducted to provide generalisable and precise results on this topic.展开更多
旨在系统评述国际创伤生命支持(ITLS)技术在创伤救治体系中的应用,现状与发展趋势。通过系统检索中国知网、万方数据服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library数据库中自建库起至2024年10月...旨在系统评述国际创伤生命支持(ITLS)技术在创伤救治体系中的应用,现状与发展趋势。通过系统检索中国知网、万方数据服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library数据库中自建库起至2024年10月9日关于ITLS技术应用的相关文献,对纳入文献进行筛选、特征提取和数据分析。共检索到876篇文献,最终纳入15篇。ITLS技术在创伤救治体系中的应用可分为技术培训和实施两个方面。ITLS技术培训内容包括创伤评估、处理多种创伤场景、急救时间管理及评判性思维培养,培训方法以高保真医学模拟和三维模式为主,评价指标包括知识技能表现、心理状态和体验。ITLS技术实施的核心内容为创伤患者评估体系,结局指标包括救治成功率、现场处置时间、患者救治满意度及并发症发生率等。分析表明,当前ITLS技术培训方法存在一定局限性,需创新培训模式;培训内容有待完善,建议引入团队协作考核模块,以提升团队整体应急反应能力。ITLS技术实施流程的规范性有待改进,研究中结局指标报告不足,亟需制定规范的评价体系,为未来效果评估与改进提供依据。展开更多
文摘Objective: To analyze the impact of combined Watson care theory intervention on the psychological state and quality of life in patients with terminal lung cancer. Methods: 72 patients with terminal lung cancer admitted from March 2021 to January 2024 were selected, which were divided into research group (life review combined with Watson care theory intervention) and control group (conventional intervention), with 36 cases each. Compare the nursing effect between the two groups. Results: The anxiety self-rating scale (SAS) and depression self-rating scale (SDS) scores were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the quality of life score was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Life review combined with Watson care theory intervention can improve the psychological state and improve the quality of life of patients with terminal lung cancer.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to determine Effectiveness Life Review on Life Satisfaction among Adolescents under the Supervision of Qazvin Well-being Center 2012-2013. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental research including experimental and control groups with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population consisted of all 12 - 18 years old male students who were nurtured in Qazvin Well-being Center, among whom 16 individuals were selected through applying purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups with equal number of subjects. The investigation was done using Diener’s (1985) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) Questionnaire. The experimental group received life review therapy in 6 sessions (90 minutes per session). Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), using SPSS software. Results: Results indicated that life review therapy was effective in increasing male adolescents’ life satisfaction living in the welfare center. Conclusion: Life review therapy improves quality of life and life satisfaction;therefore, this treatment can be used as an effective method to improve the living conditions of young people.
文摘GOALS: The aims of this study were to evaluate the treatment efficacy of the structured life review interviews and the Short-Term Life Review on the spiritual well-being of terminally ill cancer patients, in order to improve patients’ quality of life. SUBJECTS and METHODS: Participants were patients in palliative care units in Japan. In the study 1, the structured life review interviews were conducted with 12 patients. They completed the QOL scale of the SELT-M (Skalen zur Erfassung von Lebens qualitat bei Tumor- kranken–Modified Version) questionnaire before and after the interviews. In the study 2, the Short-Term Life Review was conducted with 30 patients. They reviewed their lives in the first session and they confirmed the contents in the album based on the life review in the second session. Duration of the treatment was one week. Measurement instruments included Func- tional Assessment Chronic Illness Therapy- Spiritual (FACIT-Sp). RESULTS: After the structured life review, the mean overall QOL score and Spirituality subscale score of the SELT-M significantly increased, from 2.57 ± 0.61 to 3.58 ± 1.0 (p=0.013) and 2.57 ± 0.61 to 3.14 ± 2.25 (P=0.023), respectively. After the Short-Term Life Review, the mean FACIT-Sp scores significantly increased from 16 ± 8.2 to 24 ± 7.1. CONCLUSION: Both the structured life review and the Short-Term Life Review may be effective in improving the spiritual well-being of terminally ill cancer patients, being higher feasibility for the Short-Term Life Review. We need to use these therapies understanding characteristics of each therapy.
文摘Objective: The aims of the study were to develop a Simple Life Review Interview as psychotherapy for terminally ill cancer patients with slight cognitive impairment, and to examine the feasibility and effects of this approach on spiritual well-being and quality of life. Methods: The participants were 5 terminally ill cancer patients in a palliative care unit. They completed questionnaires for the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual (FACIT-Sp) scale, Good Death Inventory (Hope, Burden, Human Relationship, Respect as an Individual), and Distress and Impact Thermometer. Results: The Simple Life Review Interview consisted of viewing a DVD and reviewing the patient's life using questions that are applicable to terminally ill cancer patients with slight cognitive impairment. Overall, the FACIT-Sp score and the scores for Hope, Human Relationship, and Respect as an Individual on the Good Death Inventory increased, while the Burden score and the Distress and Impact Thermometer score decreased. However, there were some exceptions to these results. Conclusion: The Simple Life Review is feasible for terminally ill cancer patients with some cognitive impairments, and might be effective for improving spiritual well-being, Good Death, and psychological distress in these patients.
文摘The objective of this literature review was to identify and examine research where Patient Participation was used as a part of intervention targeting general life style among patients who comes in contact with a nurse. A literature search were conducted and included papers where judged by the researcher using recommendation from The Danish Centre for Clinical Guidelines. Analysis of the papers was carried out using Per?kyl? and Ruusuvauoris five components of Patient Participation as a theoretical template. It was concluded that the clinical effects of Patient Participation still needs to be clarified.
文摘Sorafenib is a new treatment indicated for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who have failed prior cytokine-based therapy or are considered unsuitable for such therapy. Although treatment with sorafenib under ‘ideal trial conditions’ has been extensively studied, registration and reimbursement authorities are also interested in the behavior of sorafenib in real-life practice. This study aims to conduct a literature review of the dosage and treatment duration;safety, tolerability and effectiveness;costs and cost-effectiveness of sorafenib in routine clinical care. Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination databases, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and EconLit up to November 2010. The literature search included articles published in peer-reviewed journals, congress abstracts, and internal studies of Bayer Schering Pharma. Eight studies were included. An open-label study observed stable disease for at least eight weeks in 80% of patients. The most common drug-related adverse events were hand-foot skin reaction, rash, hypertension, and fatigue. Although treatment with sorafenib led to fewer dose reductions, it was also associated with a shorter treatment duration, less time to pro-gression and a shorter survival time as compared to sunitinib. Monthly health care costs were lower with sorafenib as compared to sunitinib. A post-marketing surveillance study showed that patients rated the tolerability and effectiveness of sorafenib as very good, good or sufficient. In conclusion, the current evidence is too limited to derive conclusions and existing studies suffer from methodological shortcomings.
文摘The effective implementation of the project management plays a core roll in avoiding bad project use effect and waste of funds, caused by asset management planning and design errors or equipment selection errors;meanwhile, it can effectively improve the operational efficiency of enterprise assets, lower operating costs and save resources. In June 1974, A. Gordon published a paper “3L Economics Concept” as the starting point, on the “Building and Quantity Surveying”, which is organized by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. In this paper, a review of domestic and foreign research, from 1974 to 2015, on the total life cycle management progress will be given, and then a comment on it will be established. After detailed investigation and analysis of related materials, we can draw a conclusion: the study of the oil and gas development project lifecycle management is just beginning now. Hence, building the whole life cycle planning index system in line with the characteristics of oil and gas development project is very necessary.
文摘Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) are essential tools in clinical practice and research to assess patients’ needs from their unique perspectives. They allow the healthcare team to monitor patient status and concerns outside the clinical setting. However, the real innovation in this field is its digitization: electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs). Aims: This review aimed to get an overview of whether these new technologies are being used to aid palliative care teams in their daily struggle to provide comfort to their patients. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science, up to November 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The search strategy yielded 242 records, of which 13 met the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, relevant information related to ePROMs was extracted from each study. Results: Outcomes were grouped into the quality of life assessment, symptom burden and simple assessments, and the decision to introduce Palliative Cures (PC). In 61.5% of cases, ePROMs positively impacted patients’ quality of life. Furthermore, in 46.15% of cases, ePROMs led Primary Care (PC) teams to make an ethical decision;the same relative value as in the circumstances did not define the direction in ethical terms. Conclusion: Remind professionals and patients that these tools exist and can be applied in many situations. If used correctly, they can provide patients with a better quality of life and more complete information for professionals.
文摘Background: involving patient in end of life decision is important to understand their wishes and preferences to help health care providers in improving the quality of dying and minimizing suffering. Aim: the aim of this review was to provide a detailed examination of the available literature related to patients’ involvement in decision making at end of life. Design: a systematic review following the PRISMA protocol was used, the review protocol was registered on PROSPERO: CRD42019128556. Data sources: we conducted a literature search in two electronic databases “CINAHL and Medline” during March-April 2019. The retrieved articles were included if they were: research reports or literature review;examined patient involvement in end-of-life discussions;full text publications, written in English and published from 2000-2019. Results: a total of (22) articles were included in the review;there was diversity in the purposes and design approach of the retrieved studies. The available literature explored patient’s involvement at end-of-life decision making through;describing current practices;understanding perspectives of end of life discussions;investigating the impact and identifying the barriers and facilitators of patients’ involvement in end of life discussions. Conclusion: involvement in end-of-life discussions improved the recognition of patients’ wishes, improved death experience, and decreased posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety among family members. Despite the documented benefits, some barriers against patient’s involvement in end-of-life decisions were recognized;lack of awareness;lack of education, training and experience;concerns about ethical and legal issues;and personal preferences of doctors or nurses were among the most commonly identified barriers.
文摘Background: Dementia is a condition with progressive cognitive dysfunction and manifestation of both behavioral and psychosocial symptoms. Non-pharmacological measures such as music therapy are gaining importance since efficacy and safety of people with dementia have been questionable for pharmacological measures. Patient’s response to music is persistent even in the later stage of dementia. Aim: This rapid review aims to identify, analyze, evaluate, and summarize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of music-based therapeutic interventions among people with dementia. Method: CINAHL Cochrane Library, internet websites of rapid review producers, and reference lists were searched to identify articles for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened the literature search results. Effectiveness, music-based therapeutic intervention, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, systematic review and systematic review with meta-analysis terms were used to abstract data from included studies. Main Findings: 11 SRs and SRs with meta-analysis were reviewed which revealed positive effect of music therapy on five major outcomes with 9 studies effect on behavioral outcome, 6 studies with positive effect on psychosocial outcome reducing anxiety, 6 with improved cognition, 1 study revealed with improved quality of life and 1 study revealed effect on physiological outcomes. Conclusion: Music therapy has positive effect on treatment of dementia but further studies with larger sample size and specified to single intervention should be conducted to provide generalisable and precise results on this topic.
文摘旨在系统评述国际创伤生命支持(ITLS)技术在创伤救治体系中的应用,现状与发展趋势。通过系统检索中国知网、万方数据服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library数据库中自建库起至2024年10月9日关于ITLS技术应用的相关文献,对纳入文献进行筛选、特征提取和数据分析。共检索到876篇文献,最终纳入15篇。ITLS技术在创伤救治体系中的应用可分为技术培训和实施两个方面。ITLS技术培训内容包括创伤评估、处理多种创伤场景、急救时间管理及评判性思维培养,培训方法以高保真医学模拟和三维模式为主,评价指标包括知识技能表现、心理状态和体验。ITLS技术实施的核心内容为创伤患者评估体系,结局指标包括救治成功率、现场处置时间、患者救治满意度及并发症发生率等。分析表明,当前ITLS技术培训方法存在一定局限性,需创新培训模式;培训内容有待完善,建议引入团队协作考核模块,以提升团队整体应急反应能力。ITLS技术实施流程的规范性有待改进,研究中结局指标报告不足,亟需制定规范的评价体系,为未来效果评估与改进提供依据。
