In the present work, the results of analysis of 10 Libyan honey samples, representing various floral honeys, collected from Benghazicity during different seasons in 2009-2010 were demonstrated. All samples were examin...In the present work, the results of analysis of 10 Libyan honey samples, representing various floral honeys, collected from Benghazicity during different seasons in 2009-2010 were demonstrated. All samples were examined for the physicochemical quality parameters, phenolic compounds and heavy metals contents. The moisture;optical density (O. D.);electrical conductivity;water insoluble solids;ash content;pH;total acidity;hydroxylmethyl furfural (HMF);sugar contents and phenolic compounds content were detected according to AOAC 1990-Official Methods and reference methods. The results were compared with Libyan Standard Legislation and the European Standard Legislation. The obtained results indicated that the quality of the tested Libyan honey samples were very good and worth to the world standard properties of honey. Even more, the tested Libyan honey samples have high level of phenolic compounds content. On the basis of heavy metals content, three metals were determined (Cadmium, copper and lead) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The level of each metal-content was variable, which may be due to the conditions of processing, packing and storage conditions of Libyan honey samples.展开更多
Heavy metals are well recognized as potential health hazards as they can neither be degraded nor biologically detoxified.This experimental study aims to investigate the possible use of Libyan local soil,Ashkida soil,m...Heavy metals are well recognized as potential health hazards as they can neither be degraded nor biologically detoxified.This experimental study aims to investigate the possible use of Libyan local soil,Ashkida soil,mined in the Southern Province of Libya as a low cost adsorbent to remove copper ions from aqueous solutions.In this work,the effects of various parameters such as adsorbent dosage,initial concentration of copper,agitation rate,contact time and solution pH level on the adsorption efficiency are investigated through batch experiments at room temperature.The results indicate that the optimum conditions for copper removal from aqueous solutions are 60 minutes contact time,10 g/L adsorbent dose and 500 rpm agitation rate at natural pH value.The results are fitted to Freundlich,Langmuir,Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.A satisfactory agreement between the experimental data and the model-predicted values is expressed by the correlation coefficient,r^2,and the total mean error,E%.Freundlich model offers the best representation of adsorption process revealing a monolayer adsorption capacity,qmax,of 27.03 mg/g.A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of copper ions on the adsorbent is evaluated by simple first order,pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models.Kinetic parameters,rate constant,equilibrium sorption capacities and related correlation coefficients for each kinetic model are determined revealing that the pseudo second order kinetic model is in a better correlation with the experimental data in comparison with the other isotherms.展开更多
The economic development needs of developing countries require capital accumulation, which is no longer an easy task, even for industrialized countries. Although borrowing remains an important alternative, it has prov...The economic development needs of developing countries require capital accumulation, which is no longer an easy task, even for industrialized countries. Although borrowing remains an important alternative, it has proved to be an expensive method in the long run. Consequently, to attract foreign direct investment （FDI）, developing countries have been liberalizing their economies, which is expected to contribute to job creation and income generation. Libya declared its intention to liberalize its economy and to integrate into the global economy in order to achieve comprehensive development. This study investigates and explores the condition of the Libyan business environment in relation to foreign and joint companies, particularly in the non-oil sectors. This paper aims to investigate whether or not the Libyan business environment is appropriate to attract foreign companies, particularly in the non-hydrocarbon sectors. The method used in this paper is based on creating Porter model of competitive advantage of in relation to attract FDI. The paper reveals clearly that apart from substantial oil reserves, Libya is rich in other resources. Despite these positive advantages, there are numerous obstacles and shortcomings associated with the Libyan business environment. It discovered that the general structure and policies in relation to the Libyan business environment still require considerable attention to bring about the political and administrative stability, as well as the stability of laws and regulations. Furthermore, intensive media campaigns need to be launched with all the necessary legal and political guarantees for attracting FDI into the country.展开更多
This paper seeks to analyse Italian Colonialism in Libya from 1911-1922 against the backdrop of the anti-colonial Sanusi Order.Part A sets the colonial context and the ambitions of the European powers in North Africa(...This paper seeks to analyse Italian Colonialism in Libya from 1911-1922 against the backdrop of the anti-colonial Sanusi Order.Part A sets the colonial context and the ambitions of the European powers in North Africa(and the Maghrib).Part B outlines the emergence of the Sanusi resistance as well as the origins and evolution of the Order from the mid-1800’s to a religious-politico organisation by 1911.Part C investigates the Turco-Italian War(1911-12)whereby Italy officially occupied Libya,examines the role of the Sanusi resistance during the first colonial war,subsequent conflicts and the years of the Accords(when a semblance of peace appeared to be on the horizon),and concludes briefly on the impact of the Sanusi Order.展开更多
Washington and Tripoli seem to have turned their swords into ploughshares, but will others follow suit? Libya marked the 20th anniversary of the U.S. bombing raid in a markedly different way this year. Instead of anti...Washington and Tripoli seem to have turned their swords into ploughshares, but will others follow suit? Libya marked the 20th anniversary of the U.S. bombing raid in a markedly different way this year. Instead of anti-American protests and slogans, the air was filled with Lionel Richie songs.展开更多
This paper aims to examine the role and significance of activity-based budgeting(ABB)in developing countries.It provides comparison with the traditional system,and evaluates the possibility of implementing ABB system ...This paper aims to examine the role and significance of activity-based budgeting(ABB)in developing countries.It provides comparison with the traditional system,and evaluates the possibility of implementing ABB system in private Libyan commercial companies(PLCC).This paper attempts to highlight the factors affecting the implementation of ABB in PLCC.The findings suggest that PLCC still uses traditional system in budget preparation.展开更多
The feeding habits of 500 specimens of Pagrus pagrus （family： Sparidae）, inhabiting Benghazi Mediterranean Coast, were studied monthly from January to December 2008. The annual diet composition, monthly variations ...The feeding habits of 500 specimens of Pagrus pagrus （family： Sparidae）, inhabiting Benghazi Mediterranean Coast, were studied monthly from January to December 2008. The annual diet composition, monthly variations in the diet composition, the variations of diet with length and the intensity of feeding were studied. Pagruspagrus feed on a wide variety of prey types： crustaceans （38.3%）, molluscs （13.2 %）, echinoderms （11.4%）, polychaetes （10.7%）, digestive food （10.3%）, fish parts （7.1%）, seagrasses （6.4%） and sediments （2.7%）. The crustacean was the major food item all year round and it was found in all length groups. In the present study crustaceans, polycheates, seagrasses and sediments decreased as the size increased while molluscs, echinoderms, digestive food and fish parts increased as the fish size increased. The feeding intensity was quite high during the summer and early autumn.展开更多
Objective:Seawater leakage in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar East Libya's coastal areas is one of the most biggest obstacles to farmers obtaining a highly productive crop.As a result,the experiment was conducted in a laborato...Objective:Seawater leakage in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar East Libya's coastal areas is one of the most biggest obstacles to farmers obtaining a highly productive crop.As a result,the experiment was conducted in a laboratory to find out the impact of irrigation with seawater on the salt tolerance of Acsad Bread wheat genotypes.Method:Ten genotypes(1398,1492,1514,1522,1524,1536,1538,1544,1550,and 1562),obtained from the Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands Acsad,were used in the study,10 seeds of each genotype with three repetitions were germinated under four seawater concentrations(10,20,30 and 40%).Results:The results showed that there were highly significant(P≤0.05)differences in the genotypes’response to all salinity concentrations,Which led to decreasing germination percentage,delaying the average germination time,and decreasing radical/plumule length and seedling fresh/dry weight compared with a control.As noted genotypes(1524,1522 and 1514)were able to germinate in all concentrations of seawater,and gave the best average for all the studied traits.Also,the study indicated that a concentration of seawater of 40%was the most toxic for all wheat genotypes.The results of this study categorize the wheat genotypes into tolerant genotypes(1524,1522 and 1514),moderate tolerant(1492,1536),and sensitive(1398,1538,1544,1550 and 1562).Conclusion:The results concluded that the possibility of wheat crops agriculture into tolerant in Libyan coastal locations in which seawater concentration did not exceed 30%.展开更多
文摘In the present work, the results of analysis of 10 Libyan honey samples, representing various floral honeys, collected from Benghazicity during different seasons in 2009-2010 were demonstrated. All samples were examined for the physicochemical quality parameters, phenolic compounds and heavy metals contents. The moisture;optical density (O. D.);electrical conductivity;water insoluble solids;ash content;pH;total acidity;hydroxylmethyl furfural (HMF);sugar contents and phenolic compounds content were detected according to AOAC 1990-Official Methods and reference methods. The results were compared with Libyan Standard Legislation and the European Standard Legislation. The obtained results indicated that the quality of the tested Libyan honey samples were very good and worth to the world standard properties of honey. Even more, the tested Libyan honey samples have high level of phenolic compounds content. On the basis of heavy metals content, three metals were determined (Cadmium, copper and lead) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The level of each metal-content was variable, which may be due to the conditions of processing, packing and storage conditions of Libyan honey samples.
文摘Heavy metals are well recognized as potential health hazards as they can neither be degraded nor biologically detoxified.This experimental study aims to investigate the possible use of Libyan local soil,Ashkida soil,mined in the Southern Province of Libya as a low cost adsorbent to remove copper ions from aqueous solutions.In this work,the effects of various parameters such as adsorbent dosage,initial concentration of copper,agitation rate,contact time and solution pH level on the adsorption efficiency are investigated through batch experiments at room temperature.The results indicate that the optimum conditions for copper removal from aqueous solutions are 60 minutes contact time,10 g/L adsorbent dose and 500 rpm agitation rate at natural pH value.The results are fitted to Freundlich,Langmuir,Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.A satisfactory agreement between the experimental data and the model-predicted values is expressed by the correlation coefficient,r^2,and the total mean error,E%.Freundlich model offers the best representation of adsorption process revealing a monolayer adsorption capacity,qmax,of 27.03 mg/g.A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of copper ions on the adsorbent is evaluated by simple first order,pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models.Kinetic parameters,rate constant,equilibrium sorption capacities and related correlation coefficients for each kinetic model are determined revealing that the pseudo second order kinetic model is in a better correlation with the experimental data in comparison with the other isotherms.
文摘The economic development needs of developing countries require capital accumulation, which is no longer an easy task, even for industrialized countries. Although borrowing remains an important alternative, it has proved to be an expensive method in the long run. Consequently, to attract foreign direct investment （FDI）, developing countries have been liberalizing their economies, which is expected to contribute to job creation and income generation. Libya declared its intention to liberalize its economy and to integrate into the global economy in order to achieve comprehensive development. This study investigates and explores the condition of the Libyan business environment in relation to foreign and joint companies, particularly in the non-oil sectors. This paper aims to investigate whether or not the Libyan business environment is appropriate to attract foreign companies, particularly in the non-hydrocarbon sectors. The method used in this paper is based on creating Porter model of competitive advantage of in relation to attract FDI. The paper reveals clearly that apart from substantial oil reserves, Libya is rich in other resources. Despite these positive advantages, there are numerous obstacles and shortcomings associated with the Libyan business environment. It discovered that the general structure and policies in relation to the Libyan business environment still require considerable attention to bring about the political and administrative stability, as well as the stability of laws and regulations. Furthermore, intensive media campaigns need to be launched with all the necessary legal and political guarantees for attracting FDI into the country.
文摘This paper seeks to analyse Italian Colonialism in Libya from 1911-1922 against the backdrop of the anti-colonial Sanusi Order.Part A sets the colonial context and the ambitions of the European powers in North Africa(and the Maghrib).Part B outlines the emergence of the Sanusi resistance as well as the origins and evolution of the Order from the mid-1800’s to a religious-politico organisation by 1911.Part C investigates the Turco-Italian War(1911-12)whereby Italy officially occupied Libya,examines the role of the Sanusi resistance during the first colonial war,subsequent conflicts and the years of the Accords(when a semblance of peace appeared to be on the horizon),and concludes briefly on the impact of the Sanusi Order.
文摘Washington and Tripoli seem to have turned their swords into ploughshares, but will others follow suit? Libya marked the 20th anniversary of the U.S. bombing raid in a markedly different way this year. Instead of anti-American protests and slogans, the air was filled with Lionel Richie songs.
文摘This paper aims to examine the role and significance of activity-based budgeting(ABB)in developing countries.It provides comparison with the traditional system,and evaluates the possibility of implementing ABB system in private Libyan commercial companies(PLCC).This paper attempts to highlight the factors affecting the implementation of ABB in PLCC.The findings suggest that PLCC still uses traditional system in budget preparation.
文摘The feeding habits of 500 specimens of Pagrus pagrus （family： Sparidae）, inhabiting Benghazi Mediterranean Coast, were studied monthly from January to December 2008. The annual diet composition, monthly variations in the diet composition, the variations of diet with length and the intensity of feeding were studied. Pagruspagrus feed on a wide variety of prey types： crustaceans （38.3%）, molluscs （13.2 %）, echinoderms （11.4%）, polychaetes （10.7%）, digestive food （10.3%）, fish parts （7.1%）, seagrasses （6.4%） and sediments （2.7%）. The crustacean was the major food item all year round and it was found in all length groups. In the present study crustaceans, polycheates, seagrasses and sediments decreased as the size increased while molluscs, echinoderms, digestive food and fish parts increased as the fish size increased. The feeding intensity was quite high during the summer and early autumn.
文摘Objective:Seawater leakage in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar East Libya's coastal areas is one of the most biggest obstacles to farmers obtaining a highly productive crop.As a result,the experiment was conducted in a laboratory to find out the impact of irrigation with seawater on the salt tolerance of Acsad Bread wheat genotypes.Method:Ten genotypes(1398,1492,1514,1522,1524,1536,1538,1544,1550,and 1562),obtained from the Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands Acsad,were used in the study,10 seeds of each genotype with three repetitions were germinated under four seawater concentrations(10,20,30 and 40%).Results:The results showed that there were highly significant(P≤0.05)differences in the genotypes’response to all salinity concentrations,Which led to decreasing germination percentage,delaying the average germination time,and decreasing radical/plumule length and seedling fresh/dry weight compared with a control.As noted genotypes(1524,1522 and 1514)were able to germinate in all concentrations of seawater,and gave the best average for all the studied traits.Also,the study indicated that a concentration of seawater of 40%was the most toxic for all wheat genotypes.The results of this study categorize the wheat genotypes into tolerant genotypes(1524,1522 and 1514),moderate tolerant(1492,1536),and sensitive(1398,1538,1544,1550 and 1562).Conclusion:The results concluded that the possibility of wheat crops agriculture into tolerant in Libyan coastal locations in which seawater concentration did not exceed 30%.
