The hydroxyl radical（-OH）-scavenging ability of culture filtrates from submerged culture of Lentinula edodes AX3 and five mildews on lignocellulose substance was analysed. Only L. edodes AX3 showed significant -OH-s...The hydroxyl radical（-OH）-scavenging ability of culture filtrates from submerged culture of Lentinula edodes AX3 and five mildews on lignocellulose substance was analysed. Only L. edodes AX3 showed significant -OH-scavenging ability which reached 52.2% at about the 48th hour. All mildews could hardly scavenge -OH under the experimental conditions. -OH-scavenging ability is considered related to the mode and ability of lignocellulose degradation of a strain. The degradation or bioconversion products might be the substance base for.this effect.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of the common treatment methods in family kitchen on the cadmium(Cd)content,bioaccessibility and the biological activity of the Lentinula edodes.Methods The content of heavy metal f...Objective To investigate the effect of the common treatment methods in family kitchen on the cadmium(Cd)content,bioaccessibility and the biological activity of the Lentinula edodes.Methods The content of heavy metal from different parts of Lentinula edodes by household acid,alkali soaking and boiling were detected by atomic absorption,bioaccessibility of exceeded Cd were studied,the change of biological activity by different treatments were detected by electron spin resonance(ESR).Results The results showed that the content of Cd in caps was higher than that in stipes,both were also above the national maximum limiting values.Soaking or boiling with weak acid solution decreased the content of cadmium markedly in both caps and stipes.Based on ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)in vitro extraction,Cd bioaccessibility was measured to show that Cd available in gastric stage was much more than that in intestinal stage,indicating both adult and children had 4~5 times health risk compared to provisional tolerable daily intake value.Within certain concentration,antioxidant activity of both superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals in treated caps or stipes decreased greatly compared to untreated ones.At the same concentration(5 mg/m L),scavenging superoxide radicals in caps treated with 1%NaHCO_(3)and 1%CH_(3)COOH were enhanced markedly while to hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,only in 1%CH_(3)COOH treated caps increased significantly.Conclusion Soaking and boiling with 1%CH_(3)COOH decreased the content of Cd markedly in Lentinula edodes,the bioaccessibility of Cd in gastric was higher than that in intestinal simulation,and health risk was 4~5 times of Cd maximum tolerance value for adult and children respectively.The free radical scavenging activity of Lentinula edodes decreased after treatment with 1%NaHCO_(3)or 1%CH_(3)COOH below the concentration at 5 mg/m L.展开更多
China is currently the world＇s leading producer of Lentinula edodes and owns many cultivated strains of this species. This study was performed in order to investigate intergenic spacer I （IGS1） polymorphism and cla...China is currently the world＇s leading producer of Lentinula edodes and owns many cultivated strains of this species. This study was performed in order to investigate intergenic spacer I （IGS1） polymorphism and classification among 49 popular cultivated strains. The great majority of the 49 strains possessed two different IGS1 sequences, with distinct lengths and homologies. Based on the length and homology of the IGS1 sequences of the 49 strains, the strains were classified into two groups： A and B. Group A was subdivided into six subgroups. Forty-seven strains were homozygous or heterozygous among these six subgroups in group A, Cr01 was heterozygous between A and B, and Guangxiang 9 was homozygous in group B. An IGS1 polymorphism map of each cultivated L. edodes strain is reported for the first time and could be used as a marker for the initial classification and management of cultivated L. edodes strains in China.展开更多
This study prepared 17 strains of Lentinula edodes, including wild and cultivated strains as materials, and statistically analyzed the ratios of spores from different aspects via mating types＇ analysis and the OWE-SO...This study prepared 17 strains of Lentinula edodes, including wild and cultivated strains as materials, and statistically analyzed the ratios of spores from different aspects via mating types＇ analysis and the OWE-SOJ technique. The results from this study first systematically identified skewed expected distribution of mating-type factors segregation in Lentinula edodes spores has commonly statistical meanings in wild and cultivated strains. Genetic analysis of positive and negative parental-recombined fruiting showed that the nuclear type of F1 progeny spores among those strains segregated through theoretical distribution mainly depended on the combined state of parental dikaryons, and the predominant spores were those with the mating type identical to the dikaryotic parent, indicating that the genetic basis of segregation distortion of spores is different from that of protoplast monokaryons in which the B factor takes predominant responsibility for that phenomenon, and it cooperates A factor with B factor to influence the ratio of spores.展开更多
Objective:To determine the effect of Lentinula edodes extract on ultraviolet(UV)A and UVB-induced changes in matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)and type I procollagen expression using human immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes....Objective:To determine the effect of Lentinula edodes extract on ultraviolet(UV)A and UVB-induced changes in matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)and type I procollagen expression using human immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes.Methods:Lentinula edodes ethanol extract(LEE)was obtained by extraction with 80%ethanol for 4 h at 80℃.Effect of LEE on UVinduced alteration on the expression and production of MMPs and type I procollagen in keratinocytes was investigated using ELISA,RT-PCR,and Western blotting assay.To determine the underlying mechanism of LEE-mediated effects,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and activator protein 1 signaling pathways were analysed by Western blotting assay.Results:LEE significantly inhibited the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 and increased the expression of type I procollagen in UVA and UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes.The phosphorylation levels of p38 were significantly inhibited by LEE whereas it did not affect c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation.Suppression of p38 phosphorylation was also accompanied by downregulation of UVA and UVB-induced increase in c-Fos.Conclusions:LEE effectively inhibits the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 and increases type I procollagen production through the p38 MAPK/c-Fos signaling pathway in UVA and UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes.This findings suggest that Lentinula edodes may be developed as a cosmetic material to suppress UV exposuremediated skin aging.展开更多
In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of Lentinula edodes logs contamination identification,an improved YOLOv5s contamination identification model for Lentinula edodes logs(YOLOv5s-CGGS)is proposed in this p...In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of Lentinula edodes logs contamination identification,an improved YOLOv5s contamination identification model for Lentinula edodes logs(YOLOv5s-CGGS)is proposed in this paper.Firstly,a CA(coordinate attention)mechanism is introduced in the feature extraction network of YOLOv5s to improve the identifiability of Lentinula edodes logs contamination and the accuracy of target localiza-tion.Then,the CIoU(Complete-IOU)loss function is replaced by an SIoU(SCYLLA-IoU)loss function to improve the model’s convergence speed and inference accuracy.Finally,the GSConv and GhostConv modules are used to improve and optimize the feature fusion network to improve identification efficiency.The method in this paper achieves values of 97.83%,97.20%,and 98.20%in precision,recall,and mAP@0.5,which are 2.33%,3.0%,and 1.5%better than YOLOv5s,respectively.mAP@0.5 is better than YOLOv4,Ghost-YOLOv4,and Mobilenetv3-YOLOv4(improved by 4.61%,5.16%,and 6.04%,respectively),and the FPS increased by two to three times.展开更多
Lentinula edodes?is a macrofungus with great potential for therapeutic applications and serves as a model for investigating functional fungi properties and isolating pure compounds for pharmaceutical use. Mushrooms ha...Lentinula edodes?is a macrofungus with great potential for therapeutic applications and serves as a model for investigating functional fungi properties and isolating pure compounds for pharmaceutical use. Mushrooms have a great nutritional value and present medicinal molecules including polysaccharides, terpenoids, sterols and lipids, that participate actively in several human disorders and modulate mechanisms involved in the immune system regulation. This review will focus on general nutritional compounds and pharmacological properties of L. edodes.展开更多
The effect of Lentinula edodes water extract(LE)on two osteoblastic cell cultures(HOS 58 and Saos-2)was investigated to determine if this edible medicinal mushroom has osteoinductive properties.Activity of alkaline ph...The effect of Lentinula edodes water extract(LE)on two osteoblastic cell cultures(HOS 58 and Saos-2)was investigated to determine if this edible medicinal mushroom has osteoinductive properties.Activity of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization were used as indicators for the vitality and maturation of the bone cells.Cultivation of human osteosarcoma cells HOS 58 for five days in presence of a serial dilution of the aqueous extract of L.edodes(0.8μg/mL-125μg/mL)resulted in a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity(ALP)of the cells in comparison to untreated cells.Saos-2 cells,incubated with LE(20μg/mL)andb-glycerol phosphate(2 mM)for 21 days,displayed a 2 fold level of mineralization than cells cultured soley with the positive control,b-glycerophosphate.The obtained results clearly indicate the activity of LE as a bone inducing agent in vitro.Therefore,the shiitake mushroom(L.edodes)deserves attention as a supportive dietary treatment or nutraceutical in the case of diseases accompanied with bone disorder,such as osteoporosis,osteopenia,and late complication of diabetes.展开更多
A 508 bp fragment of a putative pheromone receptor gene from Lentinula edodes was amplified by PCR using a pair of degenerate primers designed according to conserved sequences of pheromone receptor genes reported in o...A 508 bp fragment of a putative pheromone receptor gene from Lentinula edodes was amplified by PCR using a pair of degenerate primers designed according to conserved sequences of pheromone receptor genes reported in other Basidiomycetes.The fragment encodes 117 amino acids and contains three introns,56 bp,51 bp and 50 bp in size.Alignment analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of the L.edodes fragment exhibited 65% identity and 82% similarity with the corresponding segments of pheromone receptors reported in Coprinus cinereus and Schizophyllum commune.展开更多
Lentinula edodes(L.edodes)is an edible mushroom rich in phenolics,with previous study reporting significant differences in antioxidant activity among L.edodes'varieties.However,L.edodes'phenolics remain incomp...Lentinula edodes(L.edodes)is an edible mushroom rich in phenolics,with previous study reporting significant differences in antioxidant activity among L.edodes'varieties.However,L.edodes'phenolics remain incompletely elucidated,and key phenolics influencing the antioxidant activity of different varieties of L.edodes remain uncharacterized.Herein,we used several antioxidant assays to assess the activity of three varieties(Zhexiang 6,Shenxiang 1513 and Yuhua 3)of L.edodes and applied metabolomics to reveal their phenolic composition.Antioxidant assays showed Zhexiang 6 had significantly higher antioxidant activity than Shenxiang 1513 and Yuhua 3.Metabolomics identified 344 phenolic metabolites,including phenolic acids,flavonoids,lignans and coumarins,phenolamides,and tannins.Correlation analysis revealed 37 phenolics that were significantly upregulated in Zhexiang 6 exhibited strong positive correlations with antioxidant activity(P<0.05 and r>0.7),serving as its key antioxidant basis.This study is the first to report phenolamides in L.edodes,enhancing the completeness of L.edodes'phenolic profiles,and establishes phenolic compounds’correlation with antioxidant activity.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of mineral supplementation on Lentinula edodes mycelial growth,polysaccharide production,structure,and immunostimulatory activity.Among the tested conditions,supplementation with 4%...This study investigated the effects of mineral supplementation on Lentinula edodes mycelial growth,polysaccharide production,structure,and immunostimulatory activity.Among the tested conditions,supplementation with 4%MgSO4 significantly increased polysaccharide yield.Structural analysis showed that the polysaccharides mainly consisted of glucose(43.8%-48.1%),mannose(23.9%-32.5%),and galactose(12.6%-22.5%)with various glycosidic linkages.Functional testing using RAW264.7 macrophages revealed strong immunostimulatory activity,with sample C inducing the highest nitric oxide(NO)production(29.61%),fol-lowed by sample B(23.08%),similar to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation.Gene expression analysis indicated that key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes,including phosphoglucose isomerase(PGI),α-phosphoglucomutase(PGM),and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(UGPase),were differentially regulated and linked to polysaccharide sugar composition.For example,sample B showed high expression levels of PGI(1.15-fold),PGM(1.18-fold),and UGPase(1.07-fold),supporting active glucose conversion toward UDP-sugar formation,whereas elevated PMI expression in sample C(1.15-fold)matched its highest mannose content(29.6%).Overall,these results demonstrate that mineral supplementation affects polysaccharide biosynthesis and immune activity,providing insights for optimizing culture conditions for L.edodes polysaccharide production.展开更多
Polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes mushrooms(LePS)are well-known for their immunomodulatory activities,which may have a functional connection with probiotic fermentation in the gut microbiota.This study was to eval...Polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes mushrooms(LePS)are well-known for their immunomodulatory activities,which may have a functional connection with probiotic fermentation in the gut microbiota.This study was to evaluate the bifidogenic properties and impact of Bifidobacterial fermentation on the LePS molecules and immunoactivities.Two LePS fractions,LePS-40(3.97×10^(7) Da)and LePS-80(1.43×10^(5) Da)with differences in molecular weight(MW)and chemical composition were isolated from the mushroom hot-water extract and fermented with a Bifidobacterium breve strain.The higher-MW fraction LePS-40 was more significantly consumed and utilized by the bacteria for growth and acetic acid production during the fermentation,due probably to its higher total carbohydrate content and glucose-abundant composition.The Bifidobacterial fermentation caused a notable MW reduction of both LePS fractions and,more interestingly,also led to a higher immunostimulatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.Further assessment of the separated fractions by ultrafiltration of the fermentation liquid(digesta)suggested that the immunoactivity was mainly attributed to the partially degraded LePS instead of the small-molecule metabolite products derived from the Bifidobacterial fermentation.In summary,monosaccharide composition was a more significant determinant than MW on the bifidogenic properties of LePS and the immunomodulatory activities after fermentation.展开更多
the aim of this study was to quickly discover multifunctional bioactive flavor peptides from the enzymolysis extracts of Lentinula edodes through bioinformatics,molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation,and ...the aim of this study was to quickly discover multifunctional bioactive flavor peptides from the enzymolysis extracts of Lentinula edodes through bioinformatics,molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation,and to evaluate the synthesized and in vitro activity of the screened peptides.the biological activity,toxicity,allergenicity,solubility and stability of 272 L.edodes enzymolysis flavor peptides were predicted,and 15 potential bioactive peptides were screened.by molecular docking prediction of 15 potential bioactive peptides,it was found that angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)’s Glu403,Glu411,Arg124,His387 and dipeptidyl peptidase iV(DPP-iV)’s Glu206,Arg125,Lys554,Asp545,Arg560 might play a key role in binding to potential bioactive peptides.Among them,DAPLPHPNr and GSEDPLPGAK showed stronger bonding energy,and the stability of their complexes was further verified by molecular dynamics simulation.in addition,the two peptides were synthesized by chemical method,and in vitro experiments showed strong ACE and DPP-iV inhibitory activities,while also having different antioxidant effects.this work provides an efficient method for screening and developing multifunctional flavor peptides in edible fungi.展开更多
文摘The hydroxyl radical（-OH）-scavenging ability of culture filtrates from submerged culture of Lentinula edodes AX3 and five mildews on lignocellulose substance was analysed. Only L. edodes AX3 showed significant -OH-scavenging ability which reached 52.2% at about the 48th hour. All mildews could hardly scavenge -OH under the experimental conditions. -OH-scavenging ability is considered related to the mode and ability of lignocellulose degradation of a strain. The degradation or bioconversion products might be the substance base for.this effect.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of the common treatment methods in family kitchen on the cadmium(Cd)content,bioaccessibility and the biological activity of the Lentinula edodes.Methods The content of heavy metal from different parts of Lentinula edodes by household acid,alkali soaking and boiling were detected by atomic absorption,bioaccessibility of exceeded Cd were studied,the change of biological activity by different treatments were detected by electron spin resonance(ESR).Results The results showed that the content of Cd in caps was higher than that in stipes,both were also above the national maximum limiting values.Soaking or boiling with weak acid solution decreased the content of cadmium markedly in both caps and stipes.Based on ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)in vitro extraction,Cd bioaccessibility was measured to show that Cd available in gastric stage was much more than that in intestinal stage,indicating both adult and children had 4~5 times health risk compared to provisional tolerable daily intake value.Within certain concentration,antioxidant activity of both superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals in treated caps or stipes decreased greatly compared to untreated ones.At the same concentration(5 mg/m L),scavenging superoxide radicals in caps treated with 1%NaHCO_(3)and 1%CH_(3)COOH were enhanced markedly while to hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,only in 1%CH_(3)COOH treated caps increased significantly.Conclusion Soaking and boiling with 1%CH_(3)COOH decreased the content of Cd markedly in Lentinula edodes,the bioaccessibility of Cd in gastric was higher than that in intestinal simulation,and health risk was 4~5 times of Cd maximum tolerance value for adult and children respectively.The free radical scavenging activity of Lentinula edodes decreased after treatment with 1%NaHCO_(3)or 1%CH_(3)COOH below the concentration at 5 mg/m L.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-20)the Youth Talent Development Plan of Shanghai Municipal Agricultural System, China (20160113)the Agriculture Research System of Shanghai, China (201809)
文摘China is currently the world＇s leading producer of Lentinula edodes and owns many cultivated strains of this species. This study was performed in order to investigate intergenic spacer I （IGS1） polymorphism and classification among 49 popular cultivated strains. The great majority of the 49 strains possessed two different IGS1 sequences, with distinct lengths and homologies. Based on the length and homology of the IGS1 sequences of the 49 strains, the strains were classified into two groups： A and B. Group A was subdivided into six subgroups. Forty-seven strains were homozygous or heterozygous among these six subgroups in group A, Cr01 was heterozygous between A and B, and Guangxiang 9 was homozygous in group B. An IGS1 polymorphism map of each cultivated L. edodes strain is reported for the first time and could be used as a marker for the initial classification and management of cultivated L. edodes strains in China.
文摘This study prepared 17 strains of Lentinula edodes, including wild and cultivated strains as materials, and statistically analyzed the ratios of spores from different aspects via mating types＇ analysis and the OWE-SOJ technique. The results from this study first systematically identified skewed expected distribution of mating-type factors segregation in Lentinula edodes spores has commonly statistical meanings in wild and cultivated strains. Genetic analysis of positive and negative parental-recombined fruiting showed that the nuclear type of F1 progeny spores among those strains segregated through theoretical distribution mainly depended on the combined state of parental dikaryons, and the predominant spores were those with the mating type identical to the dikaryotic parent, indicating that the genetic basis of segregation distortion of spores is different from that of protoplast monokaryons in which the B factor takes predominant responsibility for that phenomenon, and it cooperates A factor with B factor to influence the ratio of spores.
基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy,Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology and Busan Institute For Regional Program Evaluation through the Encouragement Program for the Social and Economic Innovation Growth(project number,P0008724)
文摘Objective:To determine the effect of Lentinula edodes extract on ultraviolet(UV)A and UVB-induced changes in matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)and type I procollagen expression using human immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes.Methods:Lentinula edodes ethanol extract(LEE)was obtained by extraction with 80%ethanol for 4 h at 80℃.Effect of LEE on UVinduced alteration on the expression and production of MMPs and type I procollagen in keratinocytes was investigated using ELISA,RT-PCR,and Western blotting assay.To determine the underlying mechanism of LEE-mediated effects,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and activator protein 1 signaling pathways were analysed by Western blotting assay.Results:LEE significantly inhibited the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 and increased the expression of type I procollagen in UVA and UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes.The phosphorylation levels of p38 were significantly inhibited by LEE whereas it did not affect c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation.Suppression of p38 phosphorylation was also accompanied by downregulation of UVA and UVB-induced increase in c-Fos.Conclusions:LEE effectively inhibits the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 and increases type I procollagen production through the p38 MAPK/c-Fos signaling pathway in UVA and UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes.This findings suggest that Lentinula edodes may be developed as a cosmetic material to suppress UV exposuremediated skin aging.
基金funded by the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.2022CXGC010609)the Talent Project of Zibo City.
文摘In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of Lentinula edodes logs contamination identification,an improved YOLOv5s contamination identification model for Lentinula edodes logs(YOLOv5s-CGGS)is proposed in this paper.Firstly,a CA(coordinate attention)mechanism is introduced in the feature extraction network of YOLOv5s to improve the identifiability of Lentinula edodes logs contamination and the accuracy of target localiza-tion.Then,the CIoU(Complete-IOU)loss function is replaced by an SIoU(SCYLLA-IoU)loss function to improve the model’s convergence speed and inference accuracy.Finally,the GSConv and GhostConv modules are used to improve and optimize the feature fusion network to improve identification efficiency.The method in this paper achieves values of 97.83%,97.20%,and 98.20%in precision,recall,and mAP@0.5,which are 2.33%,3.0%,and 1.5%better than YOLOv5s,respectively.mAP@0.5 is better than YOLOv4,Ghost-YOLOv4,and Mobilenetv3-YOLOv4(improved by 4.61%,5.16%,and 6.04%,respectively),and the FPS increased by two to three times.
基金supported by a grant from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Fundacao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul(FAPERGS).
文摘Lentinula edodes?is a macrofungus with great potential for therapeutic applications and serves as a model for investigating functional fungi properties and isolating pure compounds for pharmaceutical use. Mushrooms have a great nutritional value and present medicinal molecules including polysaccharides, terpenoids, sterols and lipids, that participate actively in several human disorders and modulate mechanisms involved in the immune system regulation. This review will focus on general nutritional compounds and pharmacological properties of L. edodes.
文摘The effect of Lentinula edodes water extract(LE)on two osteoblastic cell cultures(HOS 58 and Saos-2)was investigated to determine if this edible medicinal mushroom has osteoinductive properties.Activity of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization were used as indicators for the vitality and maturation of the bone cells.Cultivation of human osteosarcoma cells HOS 58 for five days in presence of a serial dilution of the aqueous extract of L.edodes(0.8μg/mL-125μg/mL)resulted in a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity(ALP)of the cells in comparison to untreated cells.Saos-2 cells,incubated with LE(20μg/mL)andb-glycerol phosphate(2 mM)for 21 days,displayed a 2 fold level of mineralization than cells cultured soley with the positive control,b-glycerophosphate.The obtained results clearly indicate the activity of LE as a bone inducing agent in vitro.Therefore,the shiitake mushroom(L.edodes)deserves attention as a supportive dietary treatment or nutraceutical in the case of diseases accompanied with bone disorder,such as osteoporosis,osteopenia,and late complication of diabetes.
基金the Foundation of Shanghai Agaricultural Committee(No.2003-4-5)Foundation of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural sciences(2007-24 and 2007-07)
文摘A 508 bp fragment of a putative pheromone receptor gene from Lentinula edodes was amplified by PCR using a pair of degenerate primers designed according to conserved sequences of pheromone receptor genes reported in other Basidiomycetes.The fragment encodes 117 amino acids and contains three introns,56 bp,51 bp and 50 bp in size.Alignment analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of the L.edodes fragment exhibited 65% identity and 82% similarity with the corresponding segments of pheromone receptors reported in Coprinus cinereus and Schizophyllum commune.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China for Young Scientists(2023YFD1601100).
文摘Lentinula edodes(L.edodes)is an edible mushroom rich in phenolics,with previous study reporting significant differences in antioxidant activity among L.edodes'varieties.However,L.edodes'phenolics remain incompletely elucidated,and key phenolics influencing the antioxidant activity of different varieties of L.edodes remain uncharacterized.Herein,we used several antioxidant assays to assess the activity of three varieties(Zhexiang 6,Shenxiang 1513 and Yuhua 3)of L.edodes and applied metabolomics to reveal their phenolic composition.Antioxidant assays showed Zhexiang 6 had significantly higher antioxidant activity than Shenxiang 1513 and Yuhua 3.Metabolomics identified 344 phenolic metabolites,including phenolic acids,flavonoids,lignans and coumarins,phenolamides,and tannins.Correlation analysis revealed 37 phenolics that were significantly upregulated in Zhexiang 6 exhibited strong positive correlations with antioxidant activity(P<0.05 and r>0.7),serving as its key antioxidant basis.This study is the first to report phenolamides in L.edodes,enhancing the completeness of L.edodes'phenolic profiles,and establishes phenolic compounds’correlation with antioxidant activity.
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture,and Forestry(IPET)through the High Value-added Food Technology Development Program,which is funded by the Ministry of Agriculture,Food,and Rural Affairs(MAFRA)(RS-2024-00403612)Also,this work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-00518423)+2 种基金supported by the Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE)program through the Gangwon RISE Center,funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)and the Gangwon State(GS),Republic of Korea(2025-RISE-10-004)supported by the 2024 Academic Research Support Program at Gangneung-Wonju National UniversityThe study received support from the Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Support Program for San Heng San Zong(ZRCQC202309).
文摘This study investigated the effects of mineral supplementation on Lentinula edodes mycelial growth,polysaccharide production,structure,and immunostimulatory activity.Among the tested conditions,supplementation with 4%MgSO4 significantly increased polysaccharide yield.Structural analysis showed that the polysaccharides mainly consisted of glucose(43.8%-48.1%),mannose(23.9%-32.5%),and galactose(12.6%-22.5%)with various glycosidic linkages.Functional testing using RAW264.7 macrophages revealed strong immunostimulatory activity,with sample C inducing the highest nitric oxide(NO)production(29.61%),fol-lowed by sample B(23.08%),similar to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation.Gene expression analysis indicated that key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes,including phosphoglucose isomerase(PGI),α-phosphoglucomutase(PGM),and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(UGPase),were differentially regulated and linked to polysaccharide sugar composition.For example,sample B showed high expression levels of PGI(1.15-fold),PGM(1.18-fold),and UGPase(1.07-fold),supporting active glucose conversion toward UDP-sugar formation,whereas elevated PMI expression in sample C(1.15-fold)matched its highest mannose content(29.6%).Overall,these results demonstrate that mineral supplementation affects polysaccharide biosynthesis and immune activity,providing insights for optimizing culture conditions for L.edodes polysaccharide production.
基金supported financially by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
文摘Polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes mushrooms(LePS)are well-known for their immunomodulatory activities,which may have a functional connection with probiotic fermentation in the gut microbiota.This study was to evaluate the bifidogenic properties and impact of Bifidobacterial fermentation on the LePS molecules and immunoactivities.Two LePS fractions,LePS-40(3.97×10^(7) Da)and LePS-80(1.43×10^(5) Da)with differences in molecular weight(MW)and chemical composition were isolated from the mushroom hot-water extract and fermented with a Bifidobacterium breve strain.The higher-MW fraction LePS-40 was more significantly consumed and utilized by the bacteria for growth and acetic acid production during the fermentation,due probably to its higher total carbohydrate content and glucose-abundant composition.The Bifidobacterial fermentation caused a notable MW reduction of both LePS fractions and,more interestingly,also led to a higher immunostimulatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.Further assessment of the separated fractions by ultrafiltration of the fermentation liquid(digesta)suggested that the immunoactivity was mainly attributed to the partially degraded LePS instead of the small-molecule metabolite products derived from the Bifidobacterial fermentation.In summary,monosaccharide composition was a more significant determinant than MW on the bifidogenic properties of LePS and the immunomodulatory activities after fermentation.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172332,31901812)the Agriculture research System of Shanghai,China(202409).
文摘the aim of this study was to quickly discover multifunctional bioactive flavor peptides from the enzymolysis extracts of Lentinula edodes through bioinformatics,molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation,and to evaluate the synthesized and in vitro activity of the screened peptides.the biological activity,toxicity,allergenicity,solubility and stability of 272 L.edodes enzymolysis flavor peptides were predicted,and 15 potential bioactive peptides were screened.by molecular docking prediction of 15 potential bioactive peptides,it was found that angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)’s Glu403,Glu411,Arg124,His387 and dipeptidyl peptidase iV(DPP-iV)’s Glu206,Arg125,Lys554,Asp545,Arg560 might play a key role in binding to potential bioactive peptides.Among them,DAPLPHPNr and GSEDPLPGAK showed stronger bonding energy,and the stability of their complexes was further verified by molecular dynamics simulation.in addition,the two peptides were synthesized by chemical method,and in vitro experiments showed strong ACE and DPP-iV inhibitory activities,while also having different antioxidant effects.this work provides an efficient method for screening and developing multifunctional flavor peptides in edible fungi.
