Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF)extract against doxorubicin(DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity(DIC)and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods Network pharmacology,bioinformatics a...Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF)extract against doxorubicin(DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity(DIC)and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods Network pharmacology,bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking were used to predict the targets of the core components of LJF.In a mouse model of DOX-induced myocardial injury,the protective effects of different doses of LJF extract were evaluated and the underlying mechanisms were explored by detecting the changes in mouse myocardial functions,myocardial enzymes,myocardial pathologies,and the expressions of inflammatory factors and pyroptosis-related proteins.Results The 10 core ingredients of LJF showed strong binding to AKT,EGFR,and GSK3β.In the animal experiment,the DOX-treated mice,compared with the sham-treated mice,had significantly decreased cardiac output,stroke volume,left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular fraction shorting,elevated serum levels of CK-MB and LDH,increased myocardial expressions of IL-18 and IL-1β,obvious myocardial damage,increased expression levels of NLRP3,caspase-1,GSDMD and GSDMD-N,and reduced expressions of EGFR,p-AKT and p-GSK3βproteins in the myocardial tissues.LJF treatment obviously improved myocardial function,decreased myocardial expressions of IL-18,IL-1β,NLRP3,caspase-1,GSDMD and GSDMD-N proteins,and increased the expressions EGFR,p-AKT and p-GSK3βproteins in DOX-treated mice.Conclusion LJF extract alleviates DOX-induced myocardial injury in mice possibly by reducing myocardial inflammation and pyroptosis via targeting EGFR,AKT and GSK3βto regulate the ErbB signaling pathway.展开更多
The occurrence periods of Semiaphis heraclei Takahashi,Frankliniella sp.,Haptonchus luteolus and Microsphara linicerae Enchson wint.in Rabenh.causing damage on Flos lonicerae were investigated in F.lonicerae planting ...The occurrence periods of Semiaphis heraclei Takahashi,Frankliniella sp.,Haptonchus luteolus and Microsphara linicerae Enchson wint.in Rabenh.causing damage on Flos lonicerae were investigated in F.lonicerae planting area in XinCheng county of Guangxi Province during 2008-2010,which were coincided with the occurrence periods of related phenology of local Prunus persica Rootstock.With P.persica Rootstock as indicator plant,the occurrence periods of three species of pests and one species of disease were predicted,respectively,and the method was simple and accurate,which could be the foundation for preventing these pests and diseases in the local field.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to study the main diseases and pests in Lonicerae japonica in Guangxi Province and fluctuation pattern of their natural ene- mies. [Method] The population change of main diseases and pests,...[ Objective ] The paper was to study the main diseases and pests in Lonicerae japonica in Guangxi Province and fluctuation pattern of their natural ene- mies. [Method] The population change of main diseases and pests, and main predatory naturaI enemies of pests in different species of Lonicerae japonica in Xincheng County of Guangxi Province were systematically investigated during 2008 -2010. [ Result ] The variation cycle of population number of Semiaphis heraclei （Takahashi） belongs to single peak type, and it has large occurrence in April. The variation cycle of population number of Franklinlella sp. and Haptonchus luteo- ius （Erichson） belongs to double peak type, and they have large occurrence at April and September. The variation cycle of disease severity of Microsphaera lonicerae （ Wint. ） belongs to double peak type, and the disease index will be larger at April and September. The variation cycle of diseased shoot rate belongs to single peak type; diseased shoot rote of Lonicera dasystyla Rehd. and Loniccra hvpolzlauca Miquel is relatively high during April to June, while the index of Lonice- ra confusa （Sweet） DC. is relatively high during February to May. The variation cycle of population number of main natural enemies such as Lemnia biplagiata （ Swartz）, Coccinella septcmpunctata （ Linnaeus ） and Harmonia axyridis （Pallas） belongs to double peak type, and they have large occurrence at April and Sep- tember. [ Conclusion] The results could provide scientific basis for determination of optimum control period against major diseases and pests in Loniceraejaponica and development of integrated control programs.展开更多
A reverse-phase HPLC-DAD method was developed for simultaneous quantification of ten phenolic acids （caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-di...A reverse-phase HPLC-DAD method was developed for simultaneous quantification of ten phenolic acids （caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, and 4,5-0- dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester） in the dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. （Lonicerae Japonicae Flos; LJF）. An optimal sample preparation method was established as 30-min ultrasonication with 100 times 50% （v/w） ethanol aqueous solution based on the orthogonal test results. The chromatographic separation of the ten phenolic acids was achieved with an AQ-C18 column （4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 p.m） and a gradient elution of acetonitrile, methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution within 55 rain. All calibration curves showed good linearity （r2〉0.999） within test ranges. The average recoveries were in the range of 98.57%-103.22% with RSD less than 3%. The method developed was accurate, sensitive and reproducible for determination of ten phenolic acids in LJF.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to develop a method for rapidly separating macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B from Flos Lonicerae. [Method] HP-20 and HP-SS macroporous resin were applied to separate and purify mac...[Objective] This study was conducted to develop a method for rapidly separating macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B from Flos Lonicerae. [Method] HP-20 and HP-SS macroporous resin were applied to separate and purify macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B from Flos Lonicerae. The extract of Flos Lonicerae was first loaded onto an HP-20 column to enrich saponins, which were then separated by an HP-SS macroporous resin column to get pure macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B.[Result] The optimal HP-20 purification conditions included： a concentration of sample liquid at 4.8 mg/ml, a sample volume of 2 BV, an adsorption flow rate at 1.5BV/h, an ethanol concentration for desorption at 60%, a desorption volume of 3 BV,and a desorption flow rate at 1.5 BV/h. Total saponins were then separated by an HP-SS macroporous resin column which was eluted sequentially by water, 20%ethanol, 30% ethanol, 40% ethanol and 50% ethanol. Two purified compounds were obtained in fractions eluted by 40% ethanol and 50% ethanol, respectively. The two compounds were identified as macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B by13 C and1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. [Conclusion] The combination of HP-20 and HP-SS macroporous resin could efficiently separate macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B from Flos Lonicerae.展开更多
Flos Lonicerae is a medically useful traditional Chinese medicine herb. However, little is known about the antioxidant properties of Flos Lonicerae extracts. Here the antioxidant capacity of water, methanolic and etha...Flos Lonicerae is a medically useful traditional Chinese medicine herb. However, little is known about the antioxidant properties of Flos Lonicerae extracts. Here the antioxidant capacity of water, methanolic and ethanolic extracts prepared from Flos Lonicerae to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ is examined. Chlorogenic acid, a major component of Flos Lonicerae, is identified and further purified from 70% ethanolic extract with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its antioxidant capacity is characterized. The total phenolic compounds and chlorogenic acid con-tents in Flos Lonicerae are determined. The present results demonstrate that the Flos Lonicerae extracts exhibit antioxidant ac-tivity and chlorogenic acid is a major contributor to this activity.展开更多
Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF),a kind of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),has functions of detoxifying and evacuating heat.In the study,a method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with lin...Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF),a kind of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),has functions of detoxifying and evacuating heat.In the study,a method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS)was developed for the chemical constituent analysis of organic acids,flavonoids,iridoids and new-generated compounds in sulfur-fumigated LJF(SF-LJF).Based on the accurate mass measurement(<±5 ppm),chromatographic behavior and diagnostic product ions(DPIs),113 constituents were unambiguously or tentatively characterized from SFLJF extract,including 46 chlorogenic acids,19 flavonoids,29 iridoid glycosides and 19 newly-generated compounds(including 17 sulfur-containing derivatives).In addition,5-CQA(5-caffeoylquinic acid,chlorogenic acid)was chosen to be sulfur-fumigated for the result validation.It was found that the most significant change of LJF after sulfur fumigation was the occurrence of sulfate or sulfite esterification reactions,which resulted in the emergence of many new sulfur-containing components.Our results demonstrated that the established method was a useful and efficient analytical tool to comprehensively characterize the material basis of SF-LJF,and also an excellent guidance of quality control about LJF.展开更多
Lonicerae flos,a widely used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has been used for several thousand years in China.As a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it was used as heat-clearing drug and alexipharmic agent...Lonicerae flos,a widely used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has been used for several thousand years in China.As a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it was used as heat-clearing drug and alexipharmic agent and was widely cultivated in Hunan province.L.flos mainly contains biologically active compounds such as caffeic acid derivatives,essential oil,flavonoids,iridoid glycosides and terpenoids.A range of biological activities has been reported from plant extracts including anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antioxidant,antiallergy,immunomodulating and antibacterial activity.In this study,the author investigated ancient books of TCM and nowadays reports,summarized the chemical constituents,biological activity of L.flos to provide a comprehensive systematic review.展开更多
Lonicerae japonicae Flos(LF)is a kind of healthcare food with hepatoprotective function.This study was designed to explore the spectrum-effect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and the hepatoprotective effects o...Lonicerae japonicae Flos(LF)is a kind of healthcare food with hepatoprotective function.This study was designed to explore the spectrum-effect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and the hepatoprotective effects of LF.Fingerprints of ten batches of LF were established by UPLC-PDA.The inhibitory levels of AST and ALT were used as pharmacological indexes,and secoxyloganin,isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C were screened as hepatoprotective active compounds by grey relational analysis(GRA)and partial least squares regression analysis(PLSR).Caspase-3 was obtained by network pharmacology as a key target of hepatoprotective active compounds.Molecular docking is used to explore the interaction between small molecules and proteins.This work provided a general model of the combination of UPLC-PDA and hepatoprotective effect to study the spectrum-effect relationship of LF,which can be used to considerable methods and insight for the fundamental research of the material basis of similar healthcare food.展开更多
A new method of extracting chlorogenic acid from flos lonicerae, and treating the materials with enzyme before being extracted by ethanol is developed, and the optimum conditions are also investigated in detail. Three...A new method of extracting chlorogenic acid from flos lonicerae, and treating the materials with enzyme before being extracted by ethanol is developed, and the optimum conditions are also investigated in detail. Three important factors, enzyme dosage, treatment time and treatment temperature are adapted to optimize the extraction process. The experimental results show that the extract yield of flos lonicerae and chlorogenic acid can be obviously increased by the cellulase treatment, 61.5 mg chlorogenic acid is obtained from 1.00 g flos lonicerae at most. The optimal temperature of enzymatic treatment is 40 50 ℃. Compared with the use of single cellulase, the combined treatment of cellulase and pectinase increase the extract yield obviously but fail to improve that of chlorogenic acid.展开更多
A rapid quantitative analytical method for three components of Lonicerae Japornicae Flos solution(Lonicera Japonica Thumb.)extracted by water was developed using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy and the partial least-sq...A rapid quantitative analytical method for three components of Lonicerae Japornicae Flos solution(Lonicera Japonica Thumb.)extracted by water was developed using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy and the partial least-squares(PLS)method.The NIR spectra of 81 samples collected from a production line were obtained.The concentrations of secologanic acid,chlorogenicacid and galuteolin were detemmined by using high-performance liquid chromatography-diodearray detection as the reference method.Several pretreatment methods for the NIR spectra wereusedi during PLS calibration.The most appropriate latent variable number of the PLS factor wasselected based on the standard error of cross-validation(SECV).The performance of the finalPLS models was evaluated according to SECV,standard error of predliction(SEP)and deter-mination coeficient(R^(2)).The compounds secologanic acid,chlorogenic acid and galuteolin hadSEP values of 0.030,0.061 and 1.668μg/mL,respectively and R^(2) values over 0.85.This workshows that NIR spectroscopy is a rapid and convenient method for the analysis of LoniceraeJaponicae Flos solution extracted by water.The proposed method can help in the application ofprocs analytical technology in the pha maceutical industry,particularly in tra ditional Chinesemedicine injections.展开更多
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and the chemometric resolution method(alternative moving window factor analysis,AMWFA) were used for comparative analysis of volatile constituents in herbal pair(HP) flos lo...Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and the chemometric resolution method(alternative moving window factor analysis,AMWFA) were used for comparative analysis of volatile constituents in herbal pair(HP) flos lonicerae-caulis lonicerae(FL-CL) and its single herbs.The temperature-programmed retention index(PTRI) was also employed for the identification of compounds.In total,44,39,and 50 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of FL,CL and HP FL-CL were separately determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 87.22%,94.54% and 90.08% total contents of volatile oil of FL,CL and HP FL-CL,respectively.The results show that there are 32 common volatile constituents between HP FL-CL and single herb FL,33 common volatile constituents between HP FL-CL and single herb CL,and 10 new constituents in the volatile oil of HP FL-CL.展开更多
Pesticides'overuse and misuse have been reported to induce ingredient variations in herbal medicine,which is now gaining attention in the medicinal field as a form of alternative medicine.To date,available studies...Pesticides'overuse and misuse have been reported to induce ingredient variations in herbal medicine,which is now gaining attention in the medicinal field as a form of alternative medicine.To date,available studies on pesticide-induced ingredient variations of herbal medicine are limited only on a few compounds and remain most others unexamined.In this study,a plant metabolomics-based strategy was performed to systematically explore the effects of two frequently used insecticides on the comprehensive constituents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF),the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb..Field trials were designed on a cultivating plot of L.japonica with controls and treatments of imidacloprid(IMI)and compound flonicamid and acetamiprid(CFA).Unbiased metabolite profiling was conducted by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer.After data pretreatment by automatic extraction and screening,a data matrix of metabolite features was submitted for statistical analyses.Consequently,29 metabolic markers,including chlorogenic acids,iridoids and organic acid-glucosides were obtained and characterized.The relative quantitative assay was subsequently performed to monitor their variations across flowering developments.This is the first study that systematically explored the insecticide-induced metabolite variations of LJF while taking into account the inherent variability of flowering development.The results were beneficial for holistic quality assessment of LJF and significant for guiding scientific use of pesticides in the large-scale cultivation.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the process of simultaneous extracting total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae by pressure assisted extraction.[Methods]Based on the single factor experiment,orthogonal experim...[Objectives]To explore the process of simultaneous extracting total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae by pressure assisted extraction.[Methods]Based on the single factor experiment,orthogonal experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of solvent concentration,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction pressure,extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction rate of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid.[Results]The results showed that the extraction pressure had a significant effect on the extraction of two kinds of chemical constituents from F.Lonicerae.The optimum process conditions were as follows:solvent concentration was 60%,solid-liquid ratio was 1∶20(g/mL),extraction pressure was 2 MPa,extraction time was 30 min,extraction temperature was 70℃.The process conditions are stable,and the extraction efficiency is higher than that of ultrasonic assisted extraction method.Under the test conditions,the extraction rates of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acids were respectively 15.66%and 3.89%.[Conclusions]This study provides a new theoretical basis for the development and utilization of F.Lonicerae.展开更多
Flos lonicerae is the dry flower bud of Lonicera japonica Thunb,and it is a very important Chinese herbal medicine in China.In ancient times,it was widely used to treat the exopathogenic wind-heat,epidemic febrile dis...Flos lonicerae is the dry flower bud of Lonicera japonica Thunb,and it is a very important Chinese herbal medicine in China.In ancient times,it was widely used to treat the exopathogenic wind-heat,epidemic febrile diseases,sores,carbuncles and some infectious diseases.Modern pharmacological research has indicated that it has anti-inflammatory,anti-bacterial,anti-viral and anti-oxidation activities.This paper reviews the chemical compositions and biological activities of Flos lonicerae in order to provide reference for its application in clinical practice in the future.展开更多
Lonicerae japonicaeFlos (LJF) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of various diseases, which is now in great demand every year and has a broad development prospect. However, the flowering...Lonicerae japonicaeFlos (LJF) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of various diseases, which is now in great demand every year and has a broad development prospect. However, the flowering phase of common LJF varieties is so short, which seriously restricts the development of LJF industry. As a new cultivated kind of Lonicerae japonicae Flos, “Hua Jin 6” has characteristics in long flowering phase and conveniently picking, which makes it have a broad development prospect. The aim of this study is to provide scientific guidance for its suitable harvest period by measuring yield and quality of “Hua Jin 6” from different harvest time. Studies show that flower size had a slowly rising trend from the first day to the seventh day, and then slowly declined or kept stable. There were no significant differences of total phenolic acid contents in different samples from different days, but contents of total flavonoids were on the rise and up to maximum in the ninth day. The contents of total iridoids had an increasing tendency from the first day to the fifth day and then kept relatively stable in other days. We demonstrated that the quality of “Hua Jin 6” is relatively stable and suitable for harvesting in all flower buds white stage in term of HPLC fingerprints. Our findings can make it possible to select the suitable time for different harvest purpose.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is the most common inflammatory autoimmune disease,affecting around 1% of the world population.Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signalling has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis o...OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is the most common inflammatory autoimmune disease,affecting around 1% of the world population.Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signalling has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of RA.It is a potential therapeutic target for RA treatment.A herbal formula(RL)consisting of Rosae Multiflorae Fructus and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos has traditionally been used in treating various inflammatory disorders.In this study,we would evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of RL on collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)in rats and investigate the involvement of TLR4 signaling in the mode of action of RL in vivo and in vitro.METHODS In vivo anti-arthritic efficacy was evaluated using CIA rats induced by bovine typeⅡ collagen.The treatment groups were treated with various concentrations of RL or positive control indomethacin for 35 d.Clinical signs(hind paw volume and arthritis severity scores),changes in serum inflammatory mediators,histological and radiographic changes of joints were investigated.Spleens and peritoneal macrophages were used to determine the effects of RL on innate and adaptive immune responses in CIA rats.The involvement of TLR4 signalling pathways in the anti-arthritic effect of RL was examined in cartilage tissue of CIA rats,murine RAW264.7macrophages and human THP-1 monocytic cells.RESULTS The severity of arthritis in the CIA rats was significantly attenuated by RL.Histological score and radiographic score were efficiently improved by RL.RL could also dose-dependently inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum of CIA rats.RL significantly inhibited the production of various pro-inflammatory mediators,the expression and/or activity of the components of TLR4 signalling pathways in animal tissue and cell lines.CONCLUSION RL possesses anti-arthritic effect on collagen-induced arthritis in rats.The therapeutic effect of RL may be related to its inhibition on pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum.The inhibition of the TLR4/TAK1/NF-κB and TLR4/TAK1/MAPK pathways participate in the anti-arthritic effects of RL.This provides a pharmacological justification for the use of RL in the control of various arthritic diseases.Further investigation should be done to develop RL into a modern anti-arthritic agent.展开更多
Lonicerae Flos(LF)derived from the dried flower buds or opening flowers of four Lonicera plants(Lonicera macranthoides,L.hypoglauca,L.confusa,and L.fulvotnetosa),is a popular traditional Chinese medicine.Because the f...Lonicerae Flos(LF)derived from the dried flower buds or opening flowers of four Lonicera plants(Lonicera macranthoides,L.hypoglauca,L.confusa,and L.fulvotnetosa),is a popular traditional Chinese medicine.Because the four origin plants are very similar in morphology,it is difficult to control the quality of LF in actual production.Over the past decade,many reports have pointed out the differences among them,including the botanical characteristics and active ingredients.However,there is still a lack of rapid methods that can be applied to the identification of the four origins.In this study,comparative analysis of the four chloroplast genomes was performed,and they showed low diversity(Pi=0.00267),three variation hotspots regions(rbcL-accD,rps12-ndhF and rps12-trnN-trnG)were identified as potentially molecular marker of highly informative.Meanwhile,the most obvious difference in SSR comparative analysis is reverse and complement repeats were only identified in L.confusa and L.hypoglauca,respectively.Lastly,the phylogenetic tree showed that L.confusa is more closely related to L.fulvotnetosa,while L.macranthoides is closer to L.hypoglauca.This study systematically revealed the differences among the four chloroplast genomes,and it provides valuable genetic information for identifying the origin of LF.展开更多
Lonicera japonica,also known as honeysuckle,is an evergreen shrub in the family of Syzygium.By consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases,79 related articles were found,of which 22 were related to...Lonicera japonica,also known as honeysuckle,is an evergreen shrub in the family of Syzygium.By consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases,79 related articles were found,of which 22 were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activity.These articles show that L.japonica has a wide range of pharmacological activities,including antiviral,anti-tumor,and antioxidant effects.These activities have important applications in the pharmaceutical,food,and fragrance industries.This review focuses on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of L.japonicae,which is of great significance to the development of new drugs and therapeutic methods.展开更多
The contents of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside in Flos Lonicerae from Binhai New Area and Jinnan District of Tianjin were determined to provide basis for the quality identification of this medicinal material. The co...The contents of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside in Flos Lonicerae from Binhai New Area and Jinnan District of Tianjin were determined to provide basis for the quality identification of this medicinal material. The content of chlorogenic acid was determined by HPLC. In Flos Lonicerae from Binhai New Area and in Flos Lonicerae harvested at different stages from Jinnan District,the contents of chlorogenic acid were 3. 804%,5. 507%( three green stage),4. 855%( silver flower stage) and 4. 220%( golden flower stage),respectively,and the contents of luteoloside were 5. 53%,12. 405%( three green stage),14. 370%( silver flower stage) and 0. 917%( golden flower stage),respectively. The contents of chlorogenic acid in Flos Lonicerae from Jinnan District were higher than that from Binhai New Area. Among different stages,the content of chlorogenic acid was highest in three green stage,followed by that in silver flower stage. As the flowers bloomed,the content of chlorogenic acid in the medicinal material showed a significant downward trend. In Flos Lonicerae from Jinnan District,the content of luteoloside was highest in silver flower stage and lowest in golden flower stage.展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF)extract against doxorubicin(DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity(DIC)and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods Network pharmacology,bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking were used to predict the targets of the core components of LJF.In a mouse model of DOX-induced myocardial injury,the protective effects of different doses of LJF extract were evaluated and the underlying mechanisms were explored by detecting the changes in mouse myocardial functions,myocardial enzymes,myocardial pathologies,and the expressions of inflammatory factors and pyroptosis-related proteins.Results The 10 core ingredients of LJF showed strong binding to AKT,EGFR,and GSK3β.In the animal experiment,the DOX-treated mice,compared with the sham-treated mice,had significantly decreased cardiac output,stroke volume,left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular fraction shorting,elevated serum levels of CK-MB and LDH,increased myocardial expressions of IL-18 and IL-1β,obvious myocardial damage,increased expression levels of NLRP3,caspase-1,GSDMD and GSDMD-N,and reduced expressions of EGFR,p-AKT and p-GSK3βproteins in the myocardial tissues.LJF treatment obviously improved myocardial function,decreased myocardial expressions of IL-18,IL-1β,NLRP3,caspase-1,GSDMD and GSDMD-N proteins,and increased the expressions EGFR,p-AKT and p-GSK3βproteins in DOX-treated mice.Conclusion LJF extract alleviates DOX-induced myocardial injury in mice possibly by reducing myocardial inflammation and pyroptosis via targeting EGFR,AKT and GSK3βto regulate the ErbB signaling pathway.
基金Supported by Natural Scientific Research Topics of Guangxi Scienceand Technology Department(GKG0992003B-40)Natural Scientific Research Topics of Guangxi Education Department(GJKY200809MS196)~~
文摘The occurrence periods of Semiaphis heraclei Takahashi,Frankliniella sp.,Haptonchus luteolus and Microsphara linicerae Enchson wint.in Rabenh.causing damage on Flos lonicerae were investigated in F.lonicerae planting area in XinCheng county of Guangxi Province during 2008-2010,which were coincided with the occurrence periods of related phenology of local Prunus persica Rootstock.With P.persica Rootstock as indicator plant,the occurrence periods of three species of pests and one species of disease were predicted,respectively,and the method was simple and accurate,which could be the foundation for preventing these pests and diseases in the local field.
基金Supported by Research Projects of Science and Technology Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GKG0992003B-40)Research Projects of Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GJK[2008]27)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to study the main diseases and pests in Lonicerae japonica in Guangxi Province and fluctuation pattern of their natural ene- mies. [Method] The population change of main diseases and pests, and main predatory naturaI enemies of pests in different species of Lonicerae japonica in Xincheng County of Guangxi Province were systematically investigated during 2008 -2010. [ Result ] The variation cycle of population number of Semiaphis heraclei （Takahashi） belongs to single peak type, and it has large occurrence in April. The variation cycle of population number of Franklinlella sp. and Haptonchus luteo- ius （Erichson） belongs to double peak type, and they have large occurrence at April and September. The variation cycle of disease severity of Microsphaera lonicerae （ Wint. ） belongs to double peak type, and the disease index will be larger at April and September. The variation cycle of diseased shoot rate belongs to single peak type; diseased shoot rote of Lonicera dasystyla Rehd. and Loniccra hvpolzlauca Miquel is relatively high during April to June, while the index of Lonice- ra confusa （Sweet） DC. is relatively high during February to May. The variation cycle of population number of main natural enemies such as Lemnia biplagiata （ Swartz）, Coccinella septcmpunctata （ Linnaeus ） and Harmonia axyridis （Pallas） belongs to double peak type, and they have large occurrence at April and Sep- tember. [ Conclusion] The results could provide scientific basis for determination of optimum control period against major diseases and pests in Loniceraejaponica and development of integrated control programs.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Grant No.2011BAI07B082011BAI06B01)
文摘A reverse-phase HPLC-DAD method was developed for simultaneous quantification of ten phenolic acids （caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, and 4,5-0- dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester） in the dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. （Lonicerae Japonicae Flos; LJF）. An optimal sample preparation method was established as 30-min ultrasonication with 100 times 50% （v/w） ethanol aqueous solution based on the orthogonal test results. The chromatographic separation of the ten phenolic acids was achieved with an AQ-C18 column （4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 p.m） and a gradient elution of acetonitrile, methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution within 55 rain. All calibration curves showed good linearity （r2〉0.999） within test ranges. The average recoveries were in the range of 98.57%-103.22% with RSD less than 3%. The method developed was accurate, sensitive and reproducible for determination of ten phenolic acids in LJF.
基金Supported by Guangxi Scientific Research and Technological Development Planning Project(20130403-2)Technology Research and Development Program of Guangxi Province(GKH15104001-15)+1 种基金Special Fund for Bagui Scholars of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionDirector Fund Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization(ZRJJ2016-4)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to develop a method for rapidly separating macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B from Flos Lonicerae. [Method] HP-20 and HP-SS macroporous resin were applied to separate and purify macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B from Flos Lonicerae. The extract of Flos Lonicerae was first loaded onto an HP-20 column to enrich saponins, which were then separated by an HP-SS macroporous resin column to get pure macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B.[Result] The optimal HP-20 purification conditions included： a concentration of sample liquid at 4.8 mg/ml, a sample volume of 2 BV, an adsorption flow rate at 1.5BV/h, an ethanol concentration for desorption at 60%, a desorption volume of 3 BV,and a desorption flow rate at 1.5 BV/h. Total saponins were then separated by an HP-SS macroporous resin column which was eluted sequentially by water, 20%ethanol, 30% ethanol, 40% ethanol and 50% ethanol. Two purified compounds were obtained in fractions eluted by 40% ethanol and 50% ethanol, respectively. The two compounds were identified as macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B by13 C and1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. [Conclusion] The combination of HP-20 and HP-SS macroporous resin could efficiently separate macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B from Flos Lonicerae.
基金Project (No. 20039902) supported by the Education Committee of Tianjin, China
文摘Flos Lonicerae is a medically useful traditional Chinese medicine herb. However, little is known about the antioxidant properties of Flos Lonicerae extracts. Here the antioxidant capacity of water, methanolic and ethanolic extracts prepared from Flos Lonicerae to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ is examined. Chlorogenic acid, a major component of Flos Lonicerae, is identified and further purified from 70% ethanolic extract with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its antioxidant capacity is characterized. The total phenolic compounds and chlorogenic acid con-tents in Flos Lonicerae are determined. The present results demonstrate that the Flos Lonicerae extracts exhibit antioxidant ac-tivity and chlorogenic acid is a major contributor to this activity.
基金supported by Beijing Nova Program(No.Z171100001117029)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2018-JYB-XJ008)+1 种基金the Independent Topic Selection of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(Innovation and Entre-preneurship Project,No.2019-JYB-XSCXCY-06)the Second Batch of Scientific Research Projects for the Construction of National TCM Clinical Research Base(JDZX2015181)。
文摘Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF),a kind of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),has functions of detoxifying and evacuating heat.In the study,a method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS)was developed for the chemical constituent analysis of organic acids,flavonoids,iridoids and new-generated compounds in sulfur-fumigated LJF(SF-LJF).Based on the accurate mass measurement(<±5 ppm),chromatographic behavior and diagnostic product ions(DPIs),113 constituents were unambiguously or tentatively characterized from SFLJF extract,including 46 chlorogenic acids,19 flavonoids,29 iridoid glycosides and 19 newly-generated compounds(including 17 sulfur-containing derivatives).In addition,5-CQA(5-caffeoylquinic acid,chlorogenic acid)was chosen to be sulfur-fumigated for the result validation.It was found that the most significant change of LJF after sulfur fumigation was the occurrence of sulfate or sulfite esterification reactions,which resulted in the emergence of many new sulfur-containing components.Our results demonstrated that the established method was a useful and efficient analytical tool to comprehensively characterize the material basis of SF-LJF,and also an excellent guidance of quality control about LJF.
基金funding support from the Key Laboratory For Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province and national science foundation of China (No.81374062 and No.81673579)
文摘Lonicerae flos,a widely used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has been used for several thousand years in China.As a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it was used as heat-clearing drug and alexipharmic agent and was widely cultivated in Hunan province.L.flos mainly contains biologically active compounds such as caffeic acid derivatives,essential oil,flavonoids,iridoid glycosides and terpenoids.A range of biological activities has been reported from plant extracts including anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antioxidant,antiallergy,immunomodulating and antibacterial activity.In this study,the author investigated ancient books of TCM and nowadays reports,summarized the chemical constituents,biological activity of L.flos to provide a comprehensive systematic review.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973604, 81803690 and 81703684)Special Funds from the Central Finance to Support the Development of Local Universities+12 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation Matching Project (2018PT02)the Innovative Talents Funding of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine (2018RCD25)the Postdoctoral Initial Fund of Heilongjiang Province (UNPYSCT 2017219)the University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province (UNPYSCT-2017215)the National Natural Science Foundation Matching Project (2017PT01)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (H2015037)the Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Doctoral Innovation Foundation (2014bs05)the Application Technology Research and Development Projects of Harbin Technology Bureau (2014RFQXJ149)the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund (LBH-Q16210 and LBH-Q17161)the Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Doctoral Innovation Foundation (2013bs04)the scientific research project of Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission (20211313050171)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team ProgramNational Famous Old Traditional Chinese Medecine Experts Inheritance Studio Construction Program of National Administration of TCM ([2022]No.75)
文摘Lonicerae japonicae Flos(LF)is a kind of healthcare food with hepatoprotective function.This study was designed to explore the spectrum-effect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and the hepatoprotective effects of LF.Fingerprints of ten batches of LF were established by UPLC-PDA.The inhibitory levels of AST and ALT were used as pharmacological indexes,and secoxyloganin,isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C were screened as hepatoprotective active compounds by grey relational analysis(GRA)and partial least squares regression analysis(PLSR).Caspase-3 was obtained by network pharmacology as a key target of hepatoprotective active compounds.Molecular docking is used to explore the interaction between small molecules and proteins.This work provided a general model of the combination of UPLC-PDA and hepatoprotective effect to study the spectrum-effect relationship of LF,which can be used to considerable methods and insight for the fundamental research of the material basis of similar healthcare food.
文摘A new method of extracting chlorogenic acid from flos lonicerae, and treating the materials with enzyme before being extracted by ethanol is developed, and the optimum conditions are also investigated in detail. Three important factors, enzyme dosage, treatment time and treatment temperature are adapted to optimize the extraction process. The experimental results show that the extract yield of flos lonicerae and chlorogenic acid can be obviously increased by the cellulase treatment, 61.5 mg chlorogenic acid is obtained from 1.00 g flos lonicerae at most. The optimal temperature of enzymatic treatment is 40 50 ℃. Compared with the use of single cellulase, the combined treatment of cellulase and pectinase increase the extract yield obviously but fail to improve that of chlorogenic acid.
基金Financial support was received from the National High-tech Industry Development Project of National Development and Reform Commission(Nos.2007-2490).
文摘A rapid quantitative analytical method for three components of Lonicerae Japornicae Flos solution(Lonicera Japonica Thumb.)extracted by water was developed using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy and the partial least-squares(PLS)method.The NIR spectra of 81 samples collected from a production line were obtained.The concentrations of secologanic acid,chlorogenicacid and galuteolin were detemmined by using high-performance liquid chromatography-diodearray detection as the reference method.Several pretreatment methods for the NIR spectra wereusedi during PLS calibration.The most appropriate latent variable number of the PLS factor wasselected based on the standard error of cross-validation(SECV).The performance of the finalPLS models was evaluated according to SECV,standard error of predliction(SEP)and deter-mination coeficient(R^(2)).The compounds secologanic acid,chlorogenic acid and galuteolin hadSEP values of 0.030,0.061 and 1.668μg/mL,respectively and R^(2) values over 0.85.This workshows that NIR spectroscopy is a rapid and convenient method for the analysis of LoniceraeJaponicae Flos solution extracted by water.The proposed method can help in the application ofprocs analytical technology in the pha maceutical industry,particularly in tra ditional Chinesemedicine injections.
基金Project(20976017) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and the chemometric resolution method(alternative moving window factor analysis,AMWFA) were used for comparative analysis of volatile constituents in herbal pair(HP) flos lonicerae-caulis lonicerae(FL-CL) and its single herbs.The temperature-programmed retention index(PTRI) was also employed for the identification of compounds.In total,44,39,and 50 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of FL,CL and HP FL-CL were separately determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 87.22%,94.54% and 90.08% total contents of volatile oil of FL,CL and HP FL-CL,respectively.The results show that there are 32 common volatile constituents between HP FL-CL and single herb FL,33 common volatile constituents between HP FL-CL and single herb CL,and 10 new constituents in the volatile oil of HP FL-CL.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC1700800)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M651551)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(Nos.18DZ2292200 and 18DZ2200-900)。
文摘Pesticides'overuse and misuse have been reported to induce ingredient variations in herbal medicine,which is now gaining attention in the medicinal field as a form of alternative medicine.To date,available studies on pesticide-induced ingredient variations of herbal medicine are limited only on a few compounds and remain most others unexamined.In this study,a plant metabolomics-based strategy was performed to systematically explore the effects of two frequently used insecticides on the comprehensive constituents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF),the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb..Field trials were designed on a cultivating plot of L.japonica with controls and treatments of imidacloprid(IMI)and compound flonicamid and acetamiprid(CFA).Unbiased metabolite profiling was conducted by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer.After data pretreatment by automatic extraction and screening,a data matrix of metabolite features was submitted for statistical analyses.Consequently,29 metabolic markers,including chlorogenic acids,iridoids and organic acid-glucosides were obtained and characterized.The relative quantitative assay was subsequently performed to monitor their variations across flowering developments.This is the first study that systematically explored the insecticide-induced metabolite variations of LJF while taking into account the inherent variability of flowering development.The results were beneficial for holistic quality assessment of LJF and significant for guiding scientific use of pesticides in the large-scale cultivation.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education in 2017(17C1603)
文摘[Objectives]To explore the process of simultaneous extracting total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae by pressure assisted extraction.[Methods]Based on the single factor experiment,orthogonal experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of solvent concentration,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction pressure,extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction rate of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid.[Results]The results showed that the extraction pressure had a significant effect on the extraction of two kinds of chemical constituents from F.Lonicerae.The optimum process conditions were as follows:solvent concentration was 60%,solid-liquid ratio was 1∶20(g/mL),extraction pressure was 2 MPa,extraction time was 30 min,extraction temperature was 70℃.The process conditions are stable,and the extraction efficiency is higher than that of ultrasonic assisted extraction method.Under the test conditions,the extraction rates of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acids were respectively 15.66%and 3.89%.[Conclusions]This study provides a new theoretical basis for the development and utilization of F.Lonicerae.
基金This work was financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(81973284)Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0944)College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(202210163151).
文摘Flos lonicerae is the dry flower bud of Lonicera japonica Thunb,and it is a very important Chinese herbal medicine in China.In ancient times,it was widely used to treat the exopathogenic wind-heat,epidemic febrile diseases,sores,carbuncles and some infectious diseases.Modern pharmacological research has indicated that it has anti-inflammatory,anti-bacterial,anti-viral and anti-oxidation activities.This paper reviews the chemical compositions and biological activities of Flos lonicerae in order to provide reference for its application in clinical practice in the future.
文摘Lonicerae japonicaeFlos (LJF) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of various diseases, which is now in great demand every year and has a broad development prospect. However, the flowering phase of common LJF varieties is so short, which seriously restricts the development of LJF industry. As a new cultivated kind of Lonicerae japonicae Flos, “Hua Jin 6” has characteristics in long flowering phase and conveniently picking, which makes it have a broad development prospect. The aim of this study is to provide scientific guidance for its suitable harvest period by measuring yield and quality of “Hua Jin 6” from different harvest time. Studies show that flower size had a slowly rising trend from the first day to the seventh day, and then slowly declined or kept stable. There were no significant differences of total phenolic acid contents in different samples from different days, but contents of total flavonoids were on the rise and up to maximum in the ninth day. The contents of total iridoids had an increasing tendency from the first day to the fifth day and then kept relatively stable in other days. We demonstrated that the quality of “Hua Jin 6” is relatively stable and suitable for harvesting in all flower buds white stage in term of HPLC fingerprints. Our findings can make it possible to select the suitable time for different harvest purpose.
基金The project supported by Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(JCYJ20120829154222473and JCYJ20140807091945050)Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(HKBU 262512)+1 种基金Food and Health Bureau of Hong Kong(HMRF 11122521)Hong Kong Baptist University(FRG2/14-15/056,FRG1/14-15/061)
文摘OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is the most common inflammatory autoimmune disease,affecting around 1% of the world population.Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signalling has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of RA.It is a potential therapeutic target for RA treatment.A herbal formula(RL)consisting of Rosae Multiflorae Fructus and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos has traditionally been used in treating various inflammatory disorders.In this study,we would evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of RL on collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)in rats and investigate the involvement of TLR4 signaling in the mode of action of RL in vivo and in vitro.METHODS In vivo anti-arthritic efficacy was evaluated using CIA rats induced by bovine typeⅡ collagen.The treatment groups were treated with various concentrations of RL or positive control indomethacin for 35 d.Clinical signs(hind paw volume and arthritis severity scores),changes in serum inflammatory mediators,histological and radiographic changes of joints were investigated.Spleens and peritoneal macrophages were used to determine the effects of RL on innate and adaptive immune responses in CIA rats.The involvement of TLR4 signalling pathways in the anti-arthritic effect of RL was examined in cartilage tissue of CIA rats,murine RAW264.7macrophages and human THP-1 monocytic cells.RESULTS The severity of arthritis in the CIA rats was significantly attenuated by RL.Histological score and radiographic score were efficiently improved by RL.RL could also dose-dependently inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum of CIA rats.RL significantly inhibited the production of various pro-inflammatory mediators,the expression and/or activity of the components of TLR4 signalling pathways in animal tissue and cell lines.CONCLUSION RL possesses anti-arthritic effect on collagen-induced arthritis in rats.The therapeutic effect of RL may be related to its inhibition on pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum.The inhibition of the TLR4/TAK1/NF-κB and TLR4/TAK1/MAPK pathways participate in the anti-arthritic effects of RL.This provides a pharmacological justification for the use of RL in the control of various arthritic diseases.Further investigation should be done to develop RL into a modern anti-arthritic agent.
基金the Science and Technology Project of Changsha City(No.kq2004038)Program for Innovative Leading Talents for Science and Technology of Xianyang City。
文摘Lonicerae Flos(LF)derived from the dried flower buds or opening flowers of four Lonicera plants(Lonicera macranthoides,L.hypoglauca,L.confusa,and L.fulvotnetosa),is a popular traditional Chinese medicine.Because the four origin plants are very similar in morphology,it is difficult to control the quality of LF in actual production.Over the past decade,many reports have pointed out the differences among them,including the botanical characteristics and active ingredients.However,there is still a lack of rapid methods that can be applied to the identification of the four origins.In this study,comparative analysis of the four chloroplast genomes was performed,and they showed low diversity(Pi=0.00267),three variation hotspots regions(rbcL-accD,rps12-ndhF and rps12-trnN-trnG)were identified as potentially molecular marker of highly informative.Meanwhile,the most obvious difference in SSR comparative analysis is reverse and complement repeats were only identified in L.confusa and L.hypoglauca,respectively.Lastly,the phylogenetic tree showed that L.confusa is more closely related to L.fulvotnetosa,while L.macranthoides is closer to L.hypoglauca.This study systematically revealed the differences among the four chloroplast genomes,and it provides valuable genetic information for identifying the origin of LF.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (81973284)Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province (LJKZ0944)Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science,Technology and Education (ZDXYS202207).
文摘Lonicera japonica,also known as honeysuckle,is an evergreen shrub in the family of Syzygium.By consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases,79 related articles were found,of which 22 were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activity.These articles show that L.japonica has a wide range of pharmacological activities,including antiviral,anti-tumor,and antioxidant effects.These activities have important applications in the pharmaceutical,food,and fragrance industries.This review focuses on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of L.japonicae,which is of great significance to the development of new drugs and therapeutic methods.
基金Supported by Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(18YFSDZC00020,17JCYBJC29800,16PTZSTG00020)Science and Technology Plan Project of Jinnan District,Tianjin City(201802055)+2 种基金Science and Technology Project of Binhai New Area,Tianjin City(BHXQKJXM-SF-2018-33)Graduate Innovation Training Program of Tianjin Agricultural University(2017YPY007)College Students'Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Program of Tianjin City(201910061059).
文摘The contents of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside in Flos Lonicerae from Binhai New Area and Jinnan District of Tianjin were determined to provide basis for the quality identification of this medicinal material. The content of chlorogenic acid was determined by HPLC. In Flos Lonicerae from Binhai New Area and in Flos Lonicerae harvested at different stages from Jinnan District,the contents of chlorogenic acid were 3. 804%,5. 507%( three green stage),4. 855%( silver flower stage) and 4. 220%( golden flower stage),respectively,and the contents of luteoloside were 5. 53%,12. 405%( three green stage),14. 370%( silver flower stage) and 0. 917%( golden flower stage),respectively. The contents of chlorogenic acid in Flos Lonicerae from Jinnan District were higher than that from Binhai New Area. Among different stages,the content of chlorogenic acid was highest in three green stage,followed by that in silver flower stage. As the flowers bloomed,the content of chlorogenic acid in the medicinal material showed a significant downward trend. In Flos Lonicerae from Jinnan District,the content of luteoloside was highest in silver flower stage and lowest in golden flower stage.
