Starting from the perspective of formula and efficacy,orthogonal experiments were first performed to explore the optimal ratio of three raw materials that potentially affect breaking force of lipsticks,verification ex...Starting from the perspective of formula and efficacy,orthogonal experiments were first performed to explore the optimal ratio of three raw materials that potentially affect breaking force of lipsticks,verification experiment on humans was then conducted to test the efficacy of the lipstick formula.Results showed that when the ratio of carnauba wax,shea butter and myristyl isopropyl ester was 3∶7∶3,the breaking force was optimal.After the subjects used the lipstick formula for 14 days,the moisture content of the lip stratum corneum significantly increased by 23.51% (P﹤0.05),the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rate significantly decreased by 20.61%,the skin glossiness increased significantly by 9.88%,and the skin scale index decreased significantly by 55.76%.展开更多
The present study reports the content of 14 heavy metals (Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in twenty-two (n = 22) lipstick products of imported and locally manufactured at the local market i...The present study reports the content of 14 heavy metals (Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in twenty-two (n = 22) lipstick products of imported and locally manufactured at the local market in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). The overall average contents of Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 3131.18 ± 0.09, 9642.92 ± 0.079, 46.59 ± 0.109, 0.545 ± 0.009, 2.041 ± 0.024, 1371.439 ± 0.085, 0.134 ± 0.008, 4.242 ± 0.02, ND, 3.934 ± 0.03, 19.712 ± 0.012, 20.196 ± 0.056, 0.725 ± 0.012, and 858.666 ± 0.083 μg/g, respectively. The correction coefficient of the results is up to 0.9995, showing an excellent linear relationship between metal concentrations in samples. The results also revealed that, the total concentrations of toxic metals in various samples ranged from 1201.35 - 60,800.36 μg/g. The dark-colored lipstick samples 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 7B, B8, 9B, and 10B revealed high content of total toxic metals compared to the light-colored lipstick samples 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 4C, 5A, 7A, 8A, 9A, and 10A. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Ba, and Zn in the samples within each class under investigation are relatively high whereas the concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cu, and Pb are lowest;and Ti, Mn, and Ni contents were below 100 μg/g. Chromium was not detected in any sample. Since no safe limits for most of these metals relating to cosmetic products are available in Saudi Arabia, it is hard to ascertain whether the values obtained in this study are relatively high or low. Prolonged use of products containing these elements may pose a threat to human health and could damage the environment.展开更多
Lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because most lipsticks contained high lead level and long ...Lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because most lipsticks contained high lead level and long term use of high lead level lipstick may harm the consumers. Research findings have suggested that administration of various antioxidants can prevent or subdue various toxic effects of lead and generation of oxidative stress. <strong><em>Hylocereus polyrhizus</em></strong> (Red dragon fruit) is widely available in Myanmar and it contains powerful antioxidant amaranth colorant called betacyanin pigment. It can prevent the oxidative stress caused by low level of lead, thus suitable as natural colorant for lipstick. As a role of pharmacist, this research was intended to minimize the adverse effects of lipsticks by formulating natural lipstick with betacyanin pigment obtained from <strong><em>H. polyrhizus</em></strong> and other natural ingredients. Formulation of lipstick was carried out by heating and blending method with homogenizer at a speed of 12000 rpm. Then, pH, melting point, surface abnormalities, aging stability, perfume stability and antioxidant activity were performed as quality evaluation. Skin irritation test, microbial analysis and lead content determination were carried out as safety evaluation. Formulated lipsticks with betacyanin pigment of <em><strong>H. polyrhizus</strong></em> have acceptable quality. The IC50 of standard ascorbic acid and formulated lipstick were 4.51 μg/ml and 22.23 μg/ml respectively. In quantitative analysis for microbiological control, formulated lipstick had no visible colony and in qualitative analysis, <strong><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></strong>, <strong><em>E. coli</em></strong> and <strong><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em></strong> were not detected in 0.5 g of formulated lipsticks. Moreover, lead content of formulated lipstick was only 2.9 ppm that is within allowable limit and it had negligible skin irritancy. Therefore, lipstick with betacyanin pigment of <em><strong>H. polyrhizus</strong></em> can utilize as Cosmeceutical.展开更多
A simple and rapid method based on ultrasonic extraction and capillary electrophoresis using l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as dynamic coating and background electrolyte was developed. The method was ap...A simple and rapid method based on ultrasonic extraction and capillary electrophoresis using l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as dynamic coating and background electrolyte was developed. The method was applied to the separation and determination of three azo dyes in two lipsticks. To increase extraction rate and yield, lipstick samples were coated on a glass slide before ultrasonic extraction. The dyes were extracted by ultrasonic extraction for 30 min, and then determined by capillary electrophoresis. Several experimental factors, such as ionic liquid concentration, pH value of background electrolyte and applied voltage, were examined and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, three azo dyes were completely separated within 12 min, and the detection limits for the three azo dyes ranged from 0.33 to 0.88 μg/mL. The recoveries were in the range of 96.8% to 108.8%.展开更多
This study used non-invasive evaluation methods measured six skin physiological parameters of the lower lip in 180 subjects,including moisture content,transepidermal water loss(TEWL),smoothness(SESM),scaliness of the ...This study used non-invasive evaluation methods measured six skin physiological parameters of the lower lip in 180 subjects,including moisture content,transepidermal water loss(TEWL),smoothness(SESM),scaliness of the skin(SESC),wrinkles(SEW),and red area of the lip skin,and compared the effects of 6 groups of lip balms(no-additive group,marine oligosaccharides group,ceramides group,glycyrrhizinic acid group,allantoin group,and mixed group;30 each)on the skin physiological parameters of dry,flaking,and cracked lip subjects.The results showed that the lip mositure content of the subjects in the marine oligosaccharide group,glycyrrhetinic acid group,and allantoin group increased significantly by 44.40%,42.84%and 58.08%after 7 days of lip balm(P<0.05).The TEWL in the ceramide group and the allantoin group was significantly reduced by 21.83%and 24.72%,respectively,after 7 days of lip paste use(P<0.05).The lip skin smoothness values of subjects in the glycyrrhizic acid group and the allantoin group were significantly reduced by 18.76%and 14.97%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).The lip skin scaling indices of subjects in the marine oligosaccharide group,the ceramides group,and the allantoin group were significantly reduced by 33.77%,42.69%,and 38.07%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).The wrinkle parameters of the lip skin of the subjects in the marine oligosaccharide,glycyrrhizinic acid and allantoin groups were significantly reduced by 23.06%,23.29%and 25.98%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).And the area of the red zone of the lip skin of the subjects in the allantoin group was significantly reduced by 4.27%,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).Combining the effects of the four active ingredients on the secretion of hyaluronic acid(moisturizing effect)and inflammatory factor(IL-6)in HSF cells,it suggests that marine oligosaccharides and allantoin have a perfect impact on enhancing the water content of the skin on the lips of the subjects,and further improve the symptoms of flaking and wrinkles on the lips of the subjects.The ceramide and allantoin can repair the skin barrier well and have a good effect on the chapped and flaky lips of the subjects.After 28 days of using lip balm,the water content of lips in the mixed group increased,the skin barrier was repaired and became smoother,and the wrinkles,scale index,and red zone value were reduced,which could well relieve chronic lip inflammation and lay a foundation for developing lip products for the treatment of chronic cheilitis.展开更多
从配方和功效角度出发,采用正交试验探索3款潜在兼具功效和影响折断力的原料最佳比例,并进行人体功效验证。结果表明,当巴西棕榈蜡、乳木果油和肉豆蔻醇异丙酯比例为3︰7︰3时,折断力最优。受试者使用唇膏配方14天后,唇部角质层水分含...从配方和功效角度出发,采用正交试验探索3款潜在兼具功效和影响折断力的原料最佳比例,并进行人体功效验证。结果表明,当巴西棕榈蜡、乳木果油和肉豆蔻醇异丙酯比例为3︰7︰3时,折断力最优。受试者使用唇膏配方14天后,唇部角质层水分含量显著提升23.51%(P<0.05),经皮失水率(Transepidermal water loss,TEWL)显著降低20.61%,光泽度显著提升9.88%,皮肤鳞屑指数显著减少55.76%。展开更多
文摘Starting from the perspective of formula and efficacy,orthogonal experiments were first performed to explore the optimal ratio of three raw materials that potentially affect breaking force of lipsticks,verification experiment on humans was then conducted to test the efficacy of the lipstick formula.Results showed that when the ratio of carnauba wax,shea butter and myristyl isopropyl ester was 3∶7∶3,the breaking force was optimal.After the subjects used the lipstick formula for 14 days,the moisture content of the lip stratum corneum significantly increased by 23.51% (P﹤0.05),the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rate significantly decreased by 20.61%,the skin glossiness increased significantly by 9.88%,and the skin scale index decreased significantly by 55.76%.
文摘The present study reports the content of 14 heavy metals (Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in twenty-two (n = 22) lipstick products of imported and locally manufactured at the local market in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). The overall average contents of Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 3131.18 ± 0.09, 9642.92 ± 0.079, 46.59 ± 0.109, 0.545 ± 0.009, 2.041 ± 0.024, 1371.439 ± 0.085, 0.134 ± 0.008, 4.242 ± 0.02, ND, 3.934 ± 0.03, 19.712 ± 0.012, 20.196 ± 0.056, 0.725 ± 0.012, and 858.666 ± 0.083 μg/g, respectively. The correction coefficient of the results is up to 0.9995, showing an excellent linear relationship between metal concentrations in samples. The results also revealed that, the total concentrations of toxic metals in various samples ranged from 1201.35 - 60,800.36 μg/g. The dark-colored lipstick samples 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 7B, B8, 9B, and 10B revealed high content of total toxic metals compared to the light-colored lipstick samples 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 4C, 5A, 7A, 8A, 9A, and 10A. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Ba, and Zn in the samples within each class under investigation are relatively high whereas the concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cu, and Pb are lowest;and Ti, Mn, and Ni contents were below 100 μg/g. Chromium was not detected in any sample. Since no safe limits for most of these metals relating to cosmetic products are available in Saudi Arabia, it is hard to ascertain whether the values obtained in this study are relatively high or low. Prolonged use of products containing these elements may pose a threat to human health and could damage the environment.
文摘Lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because most lipsticks contained high lead level and long term use of high lead level lipstick may harm the consumers. Research findings have suggested that administration of various antioxidants can prevent or subdue various toxic effects of lead and generation of oxidative stress. <strong><em>Hylocereus polyrhizus</em></strong> (Red dragon fruit) is widely available in Myanmar and it contains powerful antioxidant amaranth colorant called betacyanin pigment. It can prevent the oxidative stress caused by low level of lead, thus suitable as natural colorant for lipstick. As a role of pharmacist, this research was intended to minimize the adverse effects of lipsticks by formulating natural lipstick with betacyanin pigment obtained from <strong><em>H. polyrhizus</em></strong> and other natural ingredients. Formulation of lipstick was carried out by heating and blending method with homogenizer at a speed of 12000 rpm. Then, pH, melting point, surface abnormalities, aging stability, perfume stability and antioxidant activity were performed as quality evaluation. Skin irritation test, microbial analysis and lead content determination were carried out as safety evaluation. Formulated lipsticks with betacyanin pigment of <em><strong>H. polyrhizus</strong></em> have acceptable quality. The IC50 of standard ascorbic acid and formulated lipstick were 4.51 μg/ml and 22.23 μg/ml respectively. In quantitative analysis for microbiological control, formulated lipstick had no visible colony and in qualitative analysis, <strong><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></strong>, <strong><em>E. coli</em></strong> and <strong><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em></strong> were not detected in 0.5 g of formulated lipsticks. Moreover, lead content of formulated lipstick was only 2.9 ppm that is within allowable limit and it had negligible skin irritancy. Therefore, lipstick with betacyanin pigment of <em><strong>H. polyrhizus</strong></em> can utilize as Cosmeceutical.
文摘A simple and rapid method based on ultrasonic extraction and capillary electrophoresis using l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as dynamic coating and background electrolyte was developed. The method was applied to the separation and determination of three azo dyes in two lipsticks. To increase extraction rate and yield, lipstick samples were coated on a glass slide before ultrasonic extraction. The dyes were extracted by ultrasonic extraction for 30 min, and then determined by capillary electrophoresis. Several experimental factors, such as ionic liquid concentration, pH value of background electrolyte and applied voltage, were examined and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, three azo dyes were completely separated within 12 min, and the detection limits for the three azo dyes ranged from 0.33 to 0.88 μg/mL. The recoveries were in the range of 96.8% to 108.8%.
文摘This study used non-invasive evaluation methods measured six skin physiological parameters of the lower lip in 180 subjects,including moisture content,transepidermal water loss(TEWL),smoothness(SESM),scaliness of the skin(SESC),wrinkles(SEW),and red area of the lip skin,and compared the effects of 6 groups of lip balms(no-additive group,marine oligosaccharides group,ceramides group,glycyrrhizinic acid group,allantoin group,and mixed group;30 each)on the skin physiological parameters of dry,flaking,and cracked lip subjects.The results showed that the lip mositure content of the subjects in the marine oligosaccharide group,glycyrrhetinic acid group,and allantoin group increased significantly by 44.40%,42.84%and 58.08%after 7 days of lip balm(P<0.05).The TEWL in the ceramide group and the allantoin group was significantly reduced by 21.83%and 24.72%,respectively,after 7 days of lip paste use(P<0.05).The lip skin smoothness values of subjects in the glycyrrhizic acid group and the allantoin group were significantly reduced by 18.76%and 14.97%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).The lip skin scaling indices of subjects in the marine oligosaccharide group,the ceramides group,and the allantoin group were significantly reduced by 33.77%,42.69%,and 38.07%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).The wrinkle parameters of the lip skin of the subjects in the marine oligosaccharide,glycyrrhizinic acid and allantoin groups were significantly reduced by 23.06%,23.29%and 25.98%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).And the area of the red zone of the lip skin of the subjects in the allantoin group was significantly reduced by 4.27%,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).Combining the effects of the four active ingredients on the secretion of hyaluronic acid(moisturizing effect)and inflammatory factor(IL-6)in HSF cells,it suggests that marine oligosaccharides and allantoin have a perfect impact on enhancing the water content of the skin on the lips of the subjects,and further improve the symptoms of flaking and wrinkles on the lips of the subjects.The ceramide and allantoin can repair the skin barrier well and have a good effect on the chapped and flaky lips of the subjects.After 28 days of using lip balm,the water content of lips in the mixed group increased,the skin barrier was repaired and became smoother,and the wrinkles,scale index,and red zone value were reduced,which could well relieve chronic lip inflammation and lay a foundation for developing lip products for the treatment of chronic cheilitis.
文摘从配方和功效角度出发,采用正交试验探索3款潜在兼具功效和影响折断力的原料最佳比例,并进行人体功效验证。结果表明,当巴西棕榈蜡、乳木果油和肉豆蔻醇异丙酯比例为3︰7︰3时,折断力最优。受试者使用唇膏配方14天后,唇部角质层水分含量显著提升23.51%(P<0.05),经皮失水率(Transepidermal water loss,TEWL)显著降低20.61%,光泽度显著提升9.88%,皮肤鳞屑指数显著减少55.76%。
