Lentil(Lens culinaris Medikus subsp.culinaris,2 n=14)is a cool-season legume with high production potential for multiple uses.However,limited molecular research has been conducted in this species owing to its large ge...Lentil(Lens culinaris Medikus subsp.culinaris,2 n=14)is a cool-season legume with high production potential for multiple uses.However,limited molecular research has been conducted in this species owing to its large genome,which impedes the generation of genome sequences and the development of molecular markers.In this study,more than 1.37 billion filtered clean reads were collected by RNA-Seq of six diverse lentil accessions and217,836 transcripts and 161,095 unigenes were de novo assembled,yielding respectively 257.1 and 240.6 million nucleotides.The mean transcript length was 1180 bp and the N50 and N90 lengths were respectively 2075 and 479 bp.The mean length of the unigenes was 1494 bp and their N50 and N90 values were respectively 2203 and 714 bp.The unigenes were annotated against seven databases.The FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)gene homolog in lentil showed high protein sequence similarity to the FT gene homologs of pea and alfalfa.On the basis of the RNA-Seq analysis,26,449 EST-SSR markers were designed in silico,and 276 preliminarily screened markers were selected to evaluate polymorphism in 94 diverse lentil accessions.In total,125(45.29%)of 276 EST-SSR markers were found to be polymorphic.A total of 130,073 SNP loci were detected and 78(61.41%)of 127 SNPs were successfully converted to KASP markers.Population genetic analyses of the lentil accessions with EST-SSR and KASP markers revealed similar genetic structures,suggesting that the RNA-Seq-generated resources and the developed markers are reliable for use in molecular marker-assisted breeding of lentil.展开更多
Lentil is a highly nutritious legume with an ample quantity of carbohydrates and good amount of proteins, minerals, vitamins, phytochemicals and fibres. Although it has been used as staple food since ancient times, it...Lentil is a highly nutritious legume with an ample quantity of carbohydrates and good amount of proteins, minerals, vitamins, phytochemicals and fibres. Although it has been used as staple food since ancient times, its usage has been limited in developed countries, especially due to the lower protein digestibility, presence of anti-nutritional factors, flatulence and poor cooking qualities. Processing of lentils including dehulling and splitting and isolation of major fractions, e.g., proteins and starches are some of the strategies that can be adopted to add value and increase consumption of these legumes. This review paper intends to provide detailed overview of lentil＇s global production, nutritional composition and processing methods of lentil. Methods of isolation/characterization of lentil protein and starch and their subsequent application in foods are also presented.展开更多
The field experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Institute （BARI）, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2009 to find out the suitable management package for better ...The field experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Institute （BARI）, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2009 to find out the suitable management package for better plant establishment and higher yield of lentil under relay cropping. The experiment was based on three genotypes--Rajbari local, X95S-167（4） and X95S-136; two types of rice straw height--I 0 cm and 30 cm, three seed rates （kg/ha）--e.g., 30, 50 and 60, and three levels of fertilizer--control, 30-60-20 kg/ha of N-P2Os-K20 and 30-60-30 kg/ha of N-P2Os-KzO. The experiment was laid out in a split-split-split-plot design with three replications. Genotype was placed in the main-plot, rice straw height was in the sub-plot, seed rate was in the sub-sub-plot and fertilizer level was in the sub-sub-sub-plot. From this study, it was observed that lentil genotype X95S-136X planted with a rice straw height under 30 cm, at a seed rate of 50 kg/ha, and with a fertilizer level at 30-60-30 kg/ha of N-P2Os-K20 produced the highest lentil seed yield of 2,070 kg/ha and the lowest seed yield （550 kg/ha ） was obtained from genotype Rajbari local, planted with a rice straw height under 10 cm, at a seed rate of 30 kg/ha and no fertilizer. Similar result regarding seed and straw yield was also found in the farmer＇s field. The accession X95S-136 along with improved production technologies produced the highest grain and straw yield, and net return but the lowest grain and straw yield as well as net return were obtained by Rajbari local in the demonstration field. It was also identified that, by the inclusion of lentil in the transplanted monsoon rice field, lands could be brought under lentil cultivation to enhance lentil production, provide human nutrition and also to ensure soil health improvement for sustainable production system.展开更多
Diseases and health complications caused by mineral deficiencies afflict billions of people globally. Developing pulse crops with elevated seed mineral concentrations can contribute to reducing the incidence of these ...Diseases and health complications caused by mineral deficiencies afflict billions of people globally. Developing pulse crops with elevated seed mineral concentrations can contribute to reducing the incidence of these deficiencies. The objectives of this study were to estimate variance components conditioning seed mineral concentrations of chickpea and lentil grown in Washington and Idaho, determine correlations between different mineral concentrations and between mineral concentrations and yield, 100-seed weight, and days to flowering, and compare seed mineral concentrations between chickpeas and lentils grown in adjacent plots. Genotype effects, although significant in chickpea and lentil for all minerals except selenium, tended to be minimal compared to location, year, and their interaction effects. In both chickpeas and lentils high positive correlations were observed between seed concentrations of phosphorus and potassium, phosphorus and zinc, and potassium and zinc. Correlations between mineral concentration and yield, and mineral concentration and days to 50% flowering were similar for chickpeas and lentils across the majority of minerals. These results may reflect similarities between the two crops in physiological processes for mineral uptake and partitioning. Lentils had higher concentrations of iron and zinc than chickpea when the two crops were grown in adjacent plots,whereas chickpeas had higher concentrations of calcium and manganese. Plant genotypes that are more efficient at obtaining minerals from growing environments will be useful as parental materials to develop improved chickpea and lentil cultivars that have good yield potential coupled with high seed mineral concentrations.展开更多
Lentil(Lens culinaris Medik) is one of the most important food legumes in the world. The use in lentil of molecular marker-assisted breeding is limited, owing to the low availability of polymorphic markers. In the pre...Lentil(Lens culinaris Medik) is one of the most important food legumes in the world. The use in lentil of molecular marker-assisted breeding is limited, owing to the low availability of polymorphic markers. In the present study, we developed a set of polymorphic intron-spanning markers(ISMs) using a cross-species mapping approach. In this approach, putative unique transcripts(PUTs) of L. culinaris were mapped onto the Medicago truncatula genome, exploiting its closeness with the lentil genome. Spliced alignment of the PUTs resulted in a total of 25,717 alignments, allowing the development of 1703 ISMs. From these, a subset of 105 ISMs were synthesized and validated with a 51% amplification success rate in 32 lentil genotypes. Of these ISMs, 40(74%) were polymorphic and generated 2–11 alleles per locus in a genetically diverse panel of 32 lentil genotypes including wild species.This set of polymorphic ISMs along with their functional annotation data will be useful in lentil breeding.展开更多
In an attempt to evaluate the efficiency of sea water irrigation on plant growth and germination, five cultivars of lentil ILL4400, 5582, 5845, 5883 and 8006 were grown in sandy soil and irrigated with sea water of di...In an attempt to evaluate the efficiency of sea water irrigation on plant growth and germination, five cultivars of lentil ILL4400, 5582, 5845, 5883 and 8006 were grown in sandy soil and irrigated with sea water of different salinity levels (Ec 0.9-12). Percent of germination, seedlings lengths and mean germination time were recorded. The results showed that all cultivars were able to germinate at different salinity levels. The germination percent was increased. The percent of seed germination was significantly higher in cultivars ILL8006 and ILL5883. Sea water of salinities Ec3 and Ec6 was ideal for irrigation without negative impacts on lentil germination and growth. At higher salinity (Ec12) the germination rate was reduced and the mean germination time was greater than that in lentil seeds irrigated with sea water of Ec 0.9-9.展开更多
Previously we have reported that extrusion significantly improved healthful potential of cereals. It was hypothesized that snacks produced by extrusion would be more healthful than their raw formulations. Bile acid bi...Previously we have reported that extrusion significantly improved healthful potential of cereals. It was hypothesized that snacks produced by extrusion would be more healthful than their raw formulations. Bile acid binding has been reported to indicate cholesterol lowering and cancer risk reduction potential of food and fractions. Bile acid binding potential of five lentil snack raw formulations and their extruded snacks were evaluated. The raw formulations were 100% lentils (F01), 69% lentils (F02), 57% lentils + 12% supplement (F03), F03 with 125 μg/100g Chromium (F04), F03 with 536 μg/100g Chromium (F05), and their respective extruded (E) snacks E01, E02, E03, E04 and E05. The in vitro bile acid binding on an equal dry matter basis relative to cholestyramine, was F01 (0.5%), E01 (3.7%), F02 (0.6%), E02 (3.0%), F03 (1.6%), E03 (5.1%), F04 (2.0%), E04 (4.2%), F05 (0.8%) and E05 (3.6%). Replacing 12% lentils with high protein supplements (F02 vs. F03) resulted in significantly higher bile acid binding, suggesting that the supplement appears to have higher bile acid binding capacity than that of lentils. All the extruded lentil snacks had significantly higher bile acid binding compared with their raw formulations. Extruding with added chromium containing yeast resulted in significantly lower bile acid binding in a dose dependent manner. Most healthful lentil snacks were produced with the addition of high protein supplement without added chromium-containing yeast (E03). Data proved the hypothesis that lentil snacks produced by extrusion are significantly more healthful than their raw formulations.展开更多
Drought susceptibility and low genetic variability are the major constraints of lentil(Lens culinaris Medik.)production worldwide.Development of an efficient pre-field drought phenotyping technique and identification ...Drought susceptibility and low genetic variability are the major constraints of lentil(Lens culinaris Medik.)production worldwide.Development of an efficient pre-field drought phenotyping technique and identification of diversified drought tolerant lentil genotype(s)are therefore vital and necessary.Two separate experiments were conducted using thirty diverse lentil genotypes to isolate drought tolerant genotype(s)as well as to assess their diversity.In both of the experiments,significant(p≤0.01)variation in genotype(G),treatment(T)and G X T was observed for most of the studied traits.In experiment I,genotypes were examined for drought tolerance at the seedlings stage under hydroponic conditions by assessing root and shoot traits.Among the 30 genotypes studied,BM-1247,BM-1227 and BM-502 were selected as highly tolerant to drought stress as they showed maximum seedling survivability and minimum reduction in growth parameters under drought stress.In experiment II,the genotypes were assayed for diversity and drought stress tolerance based on morphological traits grown under field condition.Drought stress caused a substantial reduction in yield attributing traits,however,the genotypes BM-1247,BM-981,BM-1227 and BM-502 were categorized as drought tolerant genotypes with less than 20%yield reduction.The field screening result of drought stress tolerance was coincided well with the results of laboratory screening.Genetic divergence study reflected the presence of considerable diversity among the genotypes.Considering laboratory and field screening results,the genotypes,BM-1247,BM-1227,BM-981 and BM-502 were selected as the best drought tolerant genotypes.This information can be exploited for further breeding in developing drought tolerance in lentil.展开更多
Background:Learning,memory disorders,and pain,especially Alzheimer’s,are some of the factors that affect today’s societies and disrupt their lives.On the other hand,the type of diet with hot and cold temperament is ...Background:Learning,memory disorders,and pain,especially Alzheimer’s,are some of the factors that affect today’s societies and disrupt their lives.On the other hand,the type of diet with hot and cold temperament is associated with memory and pain;therefore,inthis study,the effect of Cinnamon extract(hot temperament)and Lentil extract(cold temperament)on pain and memory was investigated.Methods:Animals were randomly divided into three groups including the control group,a group that received Cinnamon extract,and rats who were treated with lentil extract at a dose of 260 intraperitoneally.Then,24 hours after the last injection,pain and memory tests were performed for each.Results:The results of the Passive avoidance test(PAT)(shuttle box)showed that the latency time in going to the dark chamber in the group that received Lentils compared to cinnamon was significantly reduced(P<0.01).The retention time of animals in the dark chamber was significantly increased in the group that received Lentil extract in comparison with the Cinnamon group(P<0.001).The number of visits to the dark compartment significantly decreased in the group that received Cinnamon extract compared to the Lentil group(P<0.01).Pain test results also showed that the Lentil group had significantly less pain tolerance than the Cinnamon group(P<0.001).Conclusion:In this study,Cinnamon compared to Lentil increased memory and pain tolerance;therefore,it can be said that hot and cold temperament probably affects memory and learning as well as the level of pain tolerance.展开更多
The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of bread with thermal treated lentil flour on metabolic and physiological parameters.Thirty-two Wistar rats fed for 60 days with different diets were studied:co...The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of bread with thermal treated lentil flour on metabolic and physiological parameters.Thirty-two Wistar rats fed for 60 days with different diets were studied:control(C),wheat bread(WB),wheat-lentil bread(LB),and lentil flour(LF).Food intake,weight gain,feces moisture,and apparent calcium absorption(AACa)were recorded during the experiment.The weight and pH of the cecum,as well as serum parameters,were evaluated after sacrifice.LB group showed higher intake and weight gain.Diets with lentil produced several positive effects:an increase in feces moisture,higher AACa,augmentation of cecum weight,and acidification in the cecum.Besides,an improvement in bone quality and a reduction of cholesterol was observed with lentil diets.Because of the named benefits,bread containing lentil flour could be considered a functional food.展开更多
In this study,an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)was applied to model yield and environmental emissions from lentil cultivation in Esfahan province of Iran.Data was gathered from lentil farmers using face to face questi...In this study,an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)was applied to model yield and environmental emissions from lentil cultivation in Esfahan province of Iran.Data was gathered from lentil farmers using face to face questionnaire method during 2014–2015 cropping season.Life cycle assessment(LCA)was applied to investigate the environmental impact categories associated with lentil production.Based on the results,total energy input,energy output to input ratio and energy productivity were determined to be 32,970.10 MJ ha1,0.902 and 0.06 kg MJ1,respectively.The greatest amount of energy consumption was attributed to chemical fertilizer(42.76%).Environmental analysis indicated that the acidification potential was higher than other environmental impact categories in lentil production system.Also results showed that the production of agricultural machinery was the main hotspot in abiotic depletion,eutrophication,global warming,human toxicity,fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity,marine aquatic ecotoxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity impact categories,while direct emissions associated with lentil cultivation was the main hotspot in acidification potential and photochemical oxidation potential.In addition,diesel fuel was the main hotspot only in ozone layer depletion.The ANN model with 9-10-6-11 structure was identified as the most appropriate network for predicting yield and related environmental impact categories of lentil cultivation.Overall,the results of sensitivity analysis revealed that farmyard manure had the greatest effect on the most of the environmental impacts,while machinery was the most affecting parameter on the yield of the crop.展开更多
The scarcity of feed resources with the continuously increasing cost of usual animal feeds urgently demands searching some alternate feeds for ruminants. In this study, Barberi male kids were divided into4 groups of 5...The scarcity of feed resources with the continuously increasing cost of usual animal feeds urgently demands searching some alternate feeds for ruminants. In this study, Barberi male kids were divided into4 groups of 5 kids(body weight 17.5 ± 1.8 kg) in each group, and ad libitum fed lentil straw(Lens culinaris;LS), LS based total mixed ration(LSTMR), urea ammoniated LS(ALS) or ALS based total mixed ration(ALSTMR) for a period of 28 days. Results showed LS was a superior feed(CP, 9.2%) for kids, but having quite high crude fibre(CF; 39.6%) and Ca:P ratio(10:1). Urea ammoniation of LS was helpful for increasing the digestible crude protein(DCP)(P < 0.01), nitrogen-free extract(NFE) and total digestible nutrients(TDN) with reduction of CF content. Urea mmoniation also improved the digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fibre(P < 0.01), but its effect on CP digestibility was negative(P < 0.05). Dry matter(DM), DCP and TDN intakes(per kg W0.75) were also improved(P < 0.01) in the kids fed ALS. Negative growth rate and nitrogen(N) balance(-33.8 and -1.4 g/day, respectively) in kids fed LS became positive(46.9 and 2.0 g/day, respectively) when ALS was used in the diets of kids. Feeding of ALS also increased(P < 0.01) the total N and ammonia N content of strained rumen liquor(SRL). Use of straw(LS or ALS) in TMR increased the digestibility of DM, organic matter and NFE(P < 0.01), intake of energy, as well as total volatile fatty acids concentration(P < 0.01) in the SRL. The present study suggested that optimum performance of kids may be achieved using either ALS alone or TMR with LS or ALS.展开更多
基金supported by the funding of Subject Team of Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2018E15)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFE0105100)+5 种基金Industry Team of Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016A02)Crop Germplasm Resources Protection(2130135)Coarse Cereals Innovation Team of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province(SDAIT-15-01)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-08)Youth Research Fund of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2016YQN19)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of CAAS。
文摘Lentil(Lens culinaris Medikus subsp.culinaris,2 n=14)is a cool-season legume with high production potential for multiple uses.However,limited molecular research has been conducted in this species owing to its large genome,which impedes the generation of genome sequences and the development of molecular markers.In this study,more than 1.37 billion filtered clean reads were collected by RNA-Seq of six diverse lentil accessions and217,836 transcripts and 161,095 unigenes were de novo assembled,yielding respectively 257.1 and 240.6 million nucleotides.The mean transcript length was 1180 bp and the N50 and N90 lengths were respectively 2075 and 479 bp.The mean length of the unigenes was 1494 bp and their N50 and N90 values were respectively 2203 and 714 bp.The unigenes were annotated against seven databases.The FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)gene homolog in lentil showed high protein sequence similarity to the FT gene homologs of pea and alfalfa.On the basis of the RNA-Seq analysis,26,449 EST-SSR markers were designed in silico,and 276 preliminarily screened markers were selected to evaluate polymorphism in 94 diverse lentil accessions.In total,125(45.29%)of 276 EST-SSR markers were found to be polymorphic.A total of 130,073 SNP loci were detected and 78(61.41%)of 127 SNPs were successfully converted to KASP markers.Population genetic analyses of the lentil accessions with EST-SSR and KASP markers revealed similar genetic structures,suggesting that the RNA-Seq-generated resources and the developed markers are reliable for use in molecular marker-assisted breeding of lentil.
文摘Lentil is a highly nutritious legume with an ample quantity of carbohydrates and good amount of proteins, minerals, vitamins, phytochemicals and fibres. Although it has been used as staple food since ancient times, its usage has been limited in developed countries, especially due to the lower protein digestibility, presence of anti-nutritional factors, flatulence and poor cooking qualities. Processing of lentils including dehulling and splitting and isolation of major fractions, e.g., proteins and starches are some of the strategies that can be adopted to add value and increase consumption of these legumes. This review paper intends to provide detailed overview of lentil＇s global production, nutritional composition and processing methods of lentil. Methods of isolation/characterization of lentil protein and starch and their subsequent application in foods are also presented.
文摘The field experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Institute （BARI）, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2009 to find out the suitable management package for better plant establishment and higher yield of lentil under relay cropping. The experiment was based on three genotypes--Rajbari local, X95S-167（4） and X95S-136; two types of rice straw height--I 0 cm and 30 cm, three seed rates （kg/ha）--e.g., 30, 50 and 60, and three levels of fertilizer--control, 30-60-20 kg/ha of N-P2Os-K20 and 30-60-30 kg/ha of N-P2Os-KzO. The experiment was laid out in a split-split-split-plot design with three replications. Genotype was placed in the main-plot, rice straw height was in the sub-plot, seed rate was in the sub-sub-plot and fertilizer level was in the sub-sub-sub-plot. From this study, it was observed that lentil genotype X95S-136X planted with a rice straw height under 30 cm, at a seed rate of 50 kg/ha, and with a fertilizer level at 30-60-30 kg/ha of N-P2Os-K20 produced the highest lentil seed yield of 2,070 kg/ha and the lowest seed yield （550 kg/ha ） was obtained from genotype Rajbari local, planted with a rice straw height under 10 cm, at a seed rate of 30 kg/ha and no fertilizer. Similar result regarding seed and straw yield was also found in the farmer＇s field. The accession X95S-136 along with improved production technologies produced the highest grain and straw yield, and net return but the lowest grain and straw yield as well as net return were obtained by Rajbari local in the demonstration field. It was also identified that, by the inclusion of lentil in the transplanted monsoon rice field, lands could be brought under lentil cultivation to enhance lentil production, provide human nutrition and also to ensure soil health improvement for sustainable production system.
基金support of the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (2090-21000-029-00D)
文摘Diseases and health complications caused by mineral deficiencies afflict billions of people globally. Developing pulse crops with elevated seed mineral concentrations can contribute to reducing the incidence of these deficiencies. The objectives of this study were to estimate variance components conditioning seed mineral concentrations of chickpea and lentil grown in Washington and Idaho, determine correlations between different mineral concentrations and between mineral concentrations and yield, 100-seed weight, and days to flowering, and compare seed mineral concentrations between chickpeas and lentils grown in adjacent plots. Genotype effects, although significant in chickpea and lentil for all minerals except selenium, tended to be minimal compared to location, year, and their interaction effects. In both chickpeas and lentils high positive correlations were observed between seed concentrations of phosphorus and potassium, phosphorus and zinc, and potassium and zinc. Correlations between mineral concentration and yield, and mineral concentration and days to 50% flowering were similar for chickpeas and lentils across the majority of minerals. These results may reflect similarities between the two crops in physiological processes for mineral uptake and partitioning. Lentils had higher concentrations of iron and zinc than chickpea when the two crops were grown in adjacent plots,whereas chickpeas had higher concentrations of calcium and manganese. Plant genotypes that are more efficient at obtaining minerals from growing environments will be useful as parental materials to develop improved chickpea and lentil cultivars that have good yield potential coupled with high seed mineral concentrations.
基金the Indian Council of Agricultural Research,New Delhi,India for research supportpartially funded by the Department of Biotechnology,Government of India,New Delhi,India through a grant support(BT/PR10921/AG11/106/943/2014)
文摘Lentil(Lens culinaris Medik) is one of the most important food legumes in the world. The use in lentil of molecular marker-assisted breeding is limited, owing to the low availability of polymorphic markers. In the present study, we developed a set of polymorphic intron-spanning markers(ISMs) using a cross-species mapping approach. In this approach, putative unique transcripts(PUTs) of L. culinaris were mapped onto the Medicago truncatula genome, exploiting its closeness with the lentil genome. Spliced alignment of the PUTs resulted in a total of 25,717 alignments, allowing the development of 1703 ISMs. From these, a subset of 105 ISMs were synthesized and validated with a 51% amplification success rate in 32 lentil genotypes. Of these ISMs, 40(74%) were polymorphic and generated 2–11 alleles per locus in a genetically diverse panel of 32 lentil genotypes including wild species.This set of polymorphic ISMs along with their functional annotation data will be useful in lentil breeding.
文摘In an attempt to evaluate the efficiency of sea water irrigation on plant growth and germination, five cultivars of lentil ILL4400, 5582, 5845, 5883 and 8006 were grown in sandy soil and irrigated with sea water of different salinity levels (Ec 0.9-12). Percent of germination, seedlings lengths and mean germination time were recorded. The results showed that all cultivars were able to germinate at different salinity levels. The germination percent was increased. The percent of seed germination was significantly higher in cultivars ILL8006 and ILL5883. Sea water of salinities Ec3 and Ec6 was ideal for irrigation without negative impacts on lentil germination and growth. At higher salinity (Ec12) the germination rate was reduced and the mean germination time was greater than that in lentil seeds irrigated with sea water of Ec 0.9-9.
文摘Previously we have reported that extrusion significantly improved healthful potential of cereals. It was hypothesized that snacks produced by extrusion would be more healthful than their raw formulations. Bile acid binding has been reported to indicate cholesterol lowering and cancer risk reduction potential of food and fractions. Bile acid binding potential of five lentil snack raw formulations and their extruded snacks were evaluated. The raw formulations were 100% lentils (F01), 69% lentils (F02), 57% lentils + 12% supplement (F03), F03 with 125 μg/100g Chromium (F04), F03 with 536 μg/100g Chromium (F05), and their respective extruded (E) snacks E01, E02, E03, E04 and E05. The in vitro bile acid binding on an equal dry matter basis relative to cholestyramine, was F01 (0.5%), E01 (3.7%), F02 (0.6%), E02 (3.0%), F03 (1.6%), E03 (5.1%), F04 (2.0%), E04 (4.2%), F05 (0.8%) and E05 (3.6%). Replacing 12% lentils with high protein supplements (F02 vs. F03) resulted in significantly higher bile acid binding, suggesting that the supplement appears to have higher bile acid binding capacity than that of lentils. All the extruded lentil snacks had significantly higher bile acid binding compared with their raw formulations. Extruding with added chromium containing yeast resulted in significantly lower bile acid binding in a dose dependent manner. Most healthful lentil snacks were produced with the addition of high protein supplement without added chromium-containing yeast (E03). Data proved the hypothesis that lentil snacks produced by extrusion are significantly more healthful than their raw formulations.
基金This project was funded by the Ministry of Education,Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh(Grant No.2018/518/MOE).
文摘Drought susceptibility and low genetic variability are the major constraints of lentil(Lens culinaris Medik.)production worldwide.Development of an efficient pre-field drought phenotyping technique and identification of diversified drought tolerant lentil genotype(s)are therefore vital and necessary.Two separate experiments were conducted using thirty diverse lentil genotypes to isolate drought tolerant genotype(s)as well as to assess their diversity.In both of the experiments,significant(p≤0.01)variation in genotype(G),treatment(T)and G X T was observed for most of the studied traits.In experiment I,genotypes were examined for drought tolerance at the seedlings stage under hydroponic conditions by assessing root and shoot traits.Among the 30 genotypes studied,BM-1247,BM-1227 and BM-502 were selected as highly tolerant to drought stress as they showed maximum seedling survivability and minimum reduction in growth parameters under drought stress.In experiment II,the genotypes were assayed for diversity and drought stress tolerance based on morphological traits grown under field condition.Drought stress caused a substantial reduction in yield attributing traits,however,the genotypes BM-1247,BM-981,BM-1227 and BM-502 were categorized as drought tolerant genotypes with less than 20%yield reduction.The field screening result of drought stress tolerance was coincided well with the results of laboratory screening.Genetic divergence study reflected the presence of considerable diversity among the genotypes.Considering laboratory and field screening results,the genotypes,BM-1247,BM-1227,BM-981 and BM-502 were selected as the best drought tolerant genotypes.This information can be exploited for further breeding in developing drought tolerance in lentil.
文摘Background:Learning,memory disorders,and pain,especially Alzheimer’s,are some of the factors that affect today’s societies and disrupt their lives.On the other hand,the type of diet with hot and cold temperament is associated with memory and pain;therefore,inthis study,the effect of Cinnamon extract(hot temperament)and Lentil extract(cold temperament)on pain and memory was investigated.Methods:Animals were randomly divided into three groups including the control group,a group that received Cinnamon extract,and rats who were treated with lentil extract at a dose of 260 intraperitoneally.Then,24 hours after the last injection,pain and memory tests were performed for each.Results:The results of the Passive avoidance test(PAT)(shuttle box)showed that the latency time in going to the dark chamber in the group that received Lentils compared to cinnamon was significantly reduced(P<0.01).The retention time of animals in the dark chamber was significantly increased in the group that received Lentil extract in comparison with the Cinnamon group(P<0.001).The number of visits to the dark compartment significantly decreased in the group that received Cinnamon extract compared to the Lentil group(P<0.01).Pain test results also showed that the Lentil group had significantly less pain tolerance than the Cinnamon group(P<0.001).Conclusion:In this study,Cinnamon compared to Lentil increased memory and pain tolerance;therefore,it can be said that hot and cold temperament probably affects memory and learning as well as the level of pain tolerance.
文摘The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of bread with thermal treated lentil flour on metabolic and physiological parameters.Thirty-two Wistar rats fed for 60 days with different diets were studied:control(C),wheat bread(WB),wheat-lentil bread(LB),and lentil flour(LF).Food intake,weight gain,feces moisture,and apparent calcium absorption(AACa)were recorded during the experiment.The weight and pH of the cecum,as well as serum parameters,were evaluated after sacrifice.LB group showed higher intake and weight gain.Diets with lentil produced several positive effects:an increase in feces moisture,higher AACa,augmentation of cecum weight,and acidification in the cecum.Besides,an improvement in bone quality and a reduction of cholesterol was observed with lentil diets.Because of the named benefits,bread containing lentil flour could be considered a functional food.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the University of Tehran for providing financial support for this research.
文摘In this study,an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)was applied to model yield and environmental emissions from lentil cultivation in Esfahan province of Iran.Data was gathered from lentil farmers using face to face questionnaire method during 2014–2015 cropping season.Life cycle assessment(LCA)was applied to investigate the environmental impact categories associated with lentil production.Based on the results,total energy input,energy output to input ratio and energy productivity were determined to be 32,970.10 MJ ha1,0.902 and 0.06 kg MJ1,respectively.The greatest amount of energy consumption was attributed to chemical fertilizer(42.76%).Environmental analysis indicated that the acidification potential was higher than other environmental impact categories in lentil production system.Also results showed that the production of agricultural machinery was the main hotspot in abiotic depletion,eutrophication,global warming,human toxicity,fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity,marine aquatic ecotoxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity impact categories,while direct emissions associated with lentil cultivation was the main hotspot in acidification potential and photochemical oxidation potential.In addition,diesel fuel was the main hotspot only in ozone layer depletion.The ANN model with 9-10-6-11 structure was identified as the most appropriate network for predicting yield and related environmental impact categories of lentil cultivation.Overall,the results of sensitivity analysis revealed that farmyard manure had the greatest effect on the most of the environmental impacts,while machinery was the most affecting parameter on the yield of the crop.
文摘The scarcity of feed resources with the continuously increasing cost of usual animal feeds urgently demands searching some alternate feeds for ruminants. In this study, Barberi male kids were divided into4 groups of 5 kids(body weight 17.5 ± 1.8 kg) in each group, and ad libitum fed lentil straw(Lens culinaris;LS), LS based total mixed ration(LSTMR), urea ammoniated LS(ALS) or ALS based total mixed ration(ALSTMR) for a period of 28 days. Results showed LS was a superior feed(CP, 9.2%) for kids, but having quite high crude fibre(CF; 39.6%) and Ca:P ratio(10:1). Urea ammoniation of LS was helpful for increasing the digestible crude protein(DCP)(P < 0.01), nitrogen-free extract(NFE) and total digestible nutrients(TDN) with reduction of CF content. Urea mmoniation also improved the digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fibre(P < 0.01), but its effect on CP digestibility was negative(P < 0.05). Dry matter(DM), DCP and TDN intakes(per kg W0.75) were also improved(P < 0.01) in the kids fed ALS. Negative growth rate and nitrogen(N) balance(-33.8 and -1.4 g/day, respectively) in kids fed LS became positive(46.9 and 2.0 g/day, respectively) when ALS was used in the diets of kids. Feeding of ALS also increased(P < 0.01) the total N and ammonia N content of strained rumen liquor(SRL). Use of straw(LS or ALS) in TMR increased the digestibility of DM, organic matter and NFE(P < 0.01), intake of energy, as well as total volatile fatty acids concentration(P < 0.01) in the SRL. The present study suggested that optimum performance of kids may be achieved using either ALS alone or TMR with LS or ALS.
