Urban combat environments pose complex and variable challenges for UAV path planning due to multidimensional factors,such as static and dynamic obstructions as well as risks of exposure to enemy detection,which threat...Urban combat environments pose complex and variable challenges for UAV path planning due to multidimensional factors,such as static and dynamic obstructions as well as risks of exposure to enemy detection,which threaten flight safety and mission success.Traditional path planning methods typically depend solely on the distribution of static obstacles to generate collision-free paths,without accounting for constraints imposed by enemy detection and strike capabilities.Such a simplified approach can yield safety-compromising routes in highly complex urban airspace.To address these limitations,this study proposes a multi-parameter path planning method based on reachable airspace visibility graphs,which integrates UAV performance constraints,environmental limitations,and exposure risks.An innovative heuristic algorithm is developed to balance operational safety and efficiency by both exposure risks and path length.In the case study set in a typical mixed-use urban area,analysis of airspace visibility graphs reveals significant variations in exposure risk at different regions and altitudes due to building encroachments.Path optimization results indicate that the method can effectively generate covert and efficient flight paths by dynamically adjusting the exposure index,which represents the likelihood of enemy detection,and the path length,which corresponds to mission execution time.展开更多
Streets and physical layouts can be inherent in a sustainable city by emphasizing the use of space with planned strategies by promoting the movement of people and social behaviors for enhancing an economic structure.A...Streets and physical layouts can be inherent in a sustainable city by emphasizing the use of space with planned strategies by promoting the movement of people and social behaviors for enhancing an economic structure.An analysis of the space layout is beneficial for defining the urban areas that can affect street behavior.A GIS incorporated with a space syntax can help to propagate the effectiveness of a spatial analysis in a study on urban spaces.The integration of the computational pieces of both a GIS analytical tool and space syntax parameters will stimulate research oriented urban systems and spatial morphologies combined with a spatial database.However,the development of livability can be affected by a set of parameters that define the used space.Thus,this paper was aimed at examining the space syntax parameters for space visualization to evaluate street behavior using the GIS processing and space syntax methods.In this study,a spatial analysis was used to generate spatial information on traffic volume,while a space syntax was used to test the street behavior.Also,a predictive analysis was conducted to identify the correlation between traffic behavior and a set of parameters.The results showed that integration and direct visibility were significant to the traffic volume.Most of the streets that were linked to the commercial area showed high integration and direct visibility,which increased by more than half,compared with the unlinked areas.Based on the statistical analysis,both parameters recorded aprobability of less than 5%.The results showed that any space designed with a continuous,direct and clear traffic volume will lead to increased integration and direct visibility,thus influencing a natural vehicle movement.展开更多
Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship...Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship between privacy as cultural specific and the spatial configuration of the settlement in the city of Ghadames.The analysis is conducted on two levels of detail.Level of the whole Ghadames including three unconventional axial maps representing ground floor(male domain),upper floor(female domain),and the whole spatial system with entrances of buildings embedded.The second level of analysis covers nine sites representing three different cultural communities within Ghadames(Arab,Barbar,and Tuarg).These community areas are analyzed as embedded within the city(embedded model)and as separated(cut out model).Analysis results indicate that ground floor(male domain)seems to be more locally and globally integrated than that of upper floor(female domain).Moreover,spaces of the ground floor are more visually connected than the upper floor,which reveals that greater possibility in route choice for the users of ground floor.Their movement from one place to another is less restricted than that of the female in the upper floor.Furthermore,the results show that mechanisms are the physical elements that facilitate or impede privacy regulation in the city and/or enable users themselves to regulate privacy through their own locales.展开更多
Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship...Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship between privacy as cultural specific and the spatial configuration of the settlement in the city of Ghadames.The analysis is conducted on two levels of detail.Level of the whole Ghadames including three unconventional axial maps representing ground floor(male domain),upper floor(female domain),and the whole spatial system with entrances of buildings embedded.The second level of analysis covers nine sites representing three different cultural communities within Ghadames(Arab,Barbar,and Tuarg).These community areas are analyzed as embedded within the city(embedded model)and as separated(cut out model).Analysis results indicate that ground floor(male domain)seems to be more locally and globally integrated than that of upper floor(female domain).Moreover,spaces of the ground floor are more visually connected than the upper floor,which reveals that greater possibility in route choice for the users of ground floor.Their movement from one place to another is less restricted than that of the female in the upper floor.Furthermore,the results show that mechanisms are the physical elements that facilitate or impede privacy regulation in the city and/or enable users themselves to regulate privacy through their own locales.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(No.23100002022102001)。
文摘Urban combat environments pose complex and variable challenges for UAV path planning due to multidimensional factors,such as static and dynamic obstructions as well as risks of exposure to enemy detection,which threaten flight safety and mission success.Traditional path planning methods typically depend solely on the distribution of static obstacles to generate collision-free paths,without accounting for constraints imposed by enemy detection and strike capabilities.Such a simplified approach can yield safety-compromising routes in highly complex urban airspace.To address these limitations,this study proposes a multi-parameter path planning method based on reachable airspace visibility graphs,which integrates UAV performance constraints,environmental limitations,and exposure risks.An innovative heuristic algorithm is developed to balance operational safety and efficiency by both exposure risks and path length.In the case study set in a typical mixed-use urban area,analysis of airspace visibility graphs reveals significant variations in exposure risk at different regions and altitudes due to building encroachments.Path optimization results indicate that the method can effectively generate covert and efficient flight paths by dynamically adjusting the exposure index,which represents the likelihood of enemy detection,and the path length,which corresponds to mission execution time.
基金This work was supported by the Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE)[600-IRMI/FRGS/3(205/2019)The authors would like to thank Universiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)for its support and partial funding of the study through the FRGS Grant(600-IRMI/FRGS/3(205/2019)).The authors would also like to thank all the staff members of the Surveying Science and Geomatics Department for the postprocessing equipment support,and the individuals who were involved in and contributed to this study.
文摘Streets and physical layouts can be inherent in a sustainable city by emphasizing the use of space with planned strategies by promoting the movement of people and social behaviors for enhancing an economic structure.An analysis of the space layout is beneficial for defining the urban areas that can affect street behavior.A GIS incorporated with a space syntax can help to propagate the effectiveness of a spatial analysis in a study on urban spaces.The integration of the computational pieces of both a GIS analytical tool and space syntax parameters will stimulate research oriented urban systems and spatial morphologies combined with a spatial database.However,the development of livability can be affected by a set of parameters that define the used space.Thus,this paper was aimed at examining the space syntax parameters for space visualization to evaluate street behavior using the GIS processing and space syntax methods.In this study,a spatial analysis was used to generate spatial information on traffic volume,while a space syntax was used to test the street behavior.Also,a predictive analysis was conducted to identify the correlation between traffic behavior and a set of parameters.The results showed that integration and direct visibility were significant to the traffic volume.Most of the streets that were linked to the commercial area showed high integration and direct visibility,which increased by more than half,compared with the unlinked areas.Based on the statistical analysis,both parameters recorded aprobability of less than 5%.The results showed that any space designed with a continuous,direct and clear traffic volume will lead to increased integration and direct visibility,thus influencing a natural vehicle movement.
文摘Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship between privacy as cultural specific and the spatial configuration of the settlement in the city of Ghadames.The analysis is conducted on two levels of detail.Level of the whole Ghadames including three unconventional axial maps representing ground floor(male domain),upper floor(female domain),and the whole spatial system with entrances of buildings embedded.The second level of analysis covers nine sites representing three different cultural communities within Ghadames(Arab,Barbar,and Tuarg).These community areas are analyzed as embedded within the city(embedded model)and as separated(cut out model).Analysis results indicate that ground floor(male domain)seems to be more locally and globally integrated than that of upper floor(female domain).Moreover,spaces of the ground floor are more visually connected than the upper floor,which reveals that greater possibility in route choice for the users of ground floor.Their movement from one place to another is less restricted than that of the female in the upper floor.Furthermore,the results show that mechanisms are the physical elements that facilitate or impede privacy regulation in the city and/or enable users themselves to regulate privacy through their own locales.
文摘Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship between privacy as cultural specific and the spatial configuration of the settlement in the city of Ghadames.The analysis is conducted on two levels of detail.Level of the whole Ghadames including three unconventional axial maps representing ground floor(male domain),upper floor(female domain),and the whole spatial system with entrances of buildings embedded.The second level of analysis covers nine sites representing three different cultural communities within Ghadames(Arab,Barbar,and Tuarg).These community areas are analyzed as embedded within the city(embedded model)and as separated(cut out model).Analysis results indicate that ground floor(male domain)seems to be more locally and globally integrated than that of upper floor(female domain).Moreover,spaces of the ground floor are more visually connected than the upper floor,which reveals that greater possibility in route choice for the users of ground floor.Their movement from one place to another is less restricted than that of the female in the upper floor.Furthermore,the results show that mechanisms are the physical elements that facilitate or impede privacy regulation in the city and/or enable users themselves to regulate privacy through their own locales.
