A recent article highlighted the hepatic benefits of intermittent fasting,particularly during Ramadan.However,the rising use of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)receptor ...A recent article highlighted the hepatic benefits of intermittent fasting,particularly during Ramadan.However,the rising use of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)receptor agonists(RAs)is altering public behavior,leading to decreased interest in diet and exercise.With a focus on hepatic health,we analyzed global search trends using Google Trends™data from January 1,2022 to December 31,2024,focusing on the keywords"fasting","intermittent fasting","diet","nutrition","liver",Semaglutide("Ozempic"™,the most widely known GLP-1 RA)and Tirzepatide("Mounjaro"™,a newer dual GLP-1 and GIP RA).Search interest for"intermittent fasting"and"diet"showed a significant decline over time(Spearman's rho:-0.582 and-0.605,respectively,both P<0.001),while interest in"fasting"and"nutrition"remained stable.Search interest for Semaglutide,Tirzepatide,"fasting and liver","diet and liver"and Semaglutide and"liver"increased(Spearman's rho:+0.914,+0.936,+0.369,+0.297 and+0.808,respectively,all P<0.001).These findings suggest a trend of shifting away from traditional dieting toward broader health concerns,likely influenced by the increasing use of GLP-1/GIP RAs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting(IF),particularly time-restricted feeding(TRF),is increasingly popular has gained popularity for weight loss,yet management,but its effects impact on gut health remain unclear.Remains in...BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting(IF),particularly time-restricted feeding(TRF),is increasingly popular has gained popularity for weight loss,yet management,but its effects impact on gut health remain unclear.Remains inadequately understood.This study explores how investigated the effects of TRF effects on intestinal health and explored the underlying mechanisms.AIM To assess the effects of IF on intestinal health,elucidate the mechanisms involved.METHODS Mice were divided into two groups:Normal control(NC)and IF.The IF group underwent TRF,while the NC group had unrestricted access to food.Body weight,fecal characteristics,and intestinal morphology were analyzed.Colon tissue,serum,and fecal samples were collected for histological analysis,enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,flow cytometry,16S rRNA sequencing,and metabolomic profiling.RESULTS IF significantly affected body weight and intestinal morphology,compromised the intestinal barrier,increased pro-inflammatory cytokines,and heightened gut immune activation(P<0.05).It also disrupted the gut microbiota,promoting proinflammatory bacteria,reducing anti-inflammatory metabolites,and elevating pro-inflammatory metabolites(P<0.05).Indoleacrylic acid(IAA)supplementation notably alleviated intestinal inflammation and reversed immune dysfunction induced by IF(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Prolonged IF exacerbates intestinal inflammation by impairing gut barrier integrity and disrupting microbial homeostasis.However,IAA supplementation effectively mitigates fasting-induced intestinal inflammation and immune imbalance,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent.展开更多
AIMTo determine the short-term biochemical effects and clinical tolerability of intermittent fasting (IF) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODSWe describe a three-phase observational study (baseline 2...AIMTo determine the short-term biochemical effects and clinical tolerability of intermittent fasting (IF) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODSWe describe a three-phase observational study (baseline 2 wk, intervention 2 wk, follow-up 2 wk) designed to determine the clinical, biochemical, and tolerability of IF in community-dwelling volunteer adults with T2DM. Biochemical, anthropometric, and physical activity measurements (using the Yale Physical Activity Survey) were taken at the end of each phase. Participants reported morning, afternoon and evening self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) and fasting duration on a daily basis throughout all study stages, in addition to completing a remote food photography diary three times within each study phase. Fasting blood samples were collected on the final days of each study phase.RESULTSAt baseline, the ten participants had a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM and were all taking metformin, and on average were obese [mean body mass index (BMI) 36.90 kg/m<sup>2</sup>]. We report here that a short-term period of IF in a small group of individuals with T2DM led to significant group decreases in weight (-1.395 kg, P = 0.009), BMI (-0.517, P = 0.013), and at-target morning glucose (SMBG). Although not a study requirement, all participants preferentially chose eating hours starting in the midafternoon. There was a significant increase (P < 0.001) in daily hours fasted in the IF phase (+5.22 h), although few attained the 18-20 h fasting goal (mean 16.82 ± 1.18). The increased fasting duration improved at-goal (< 7.0 mmol/L) morning SMBG to 34.1%, from a baseline of 13.8%. Ordinal Logistic Regression models revealed a positive relationship between the increase in hours fasted and fasting glucose reaching target values (χ<sup>2</sup> likelihood ratio = 8.36, P = 0.004) but not for afternoon or evening SMBG (all P > 0.1). Postprandial SMBGs were also improved during the IF phase, with 60.5% readings below 9.05 mmol/L, compared to 52.6% at baseline, and with less glucose variation. Neither insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), nor inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein) normalized during the IF phase. IF led to an overall spontaneous decrease in caloric intake as measured by food photography (Remote Food Photography Method). The data demonstrated discernable trends during IF for lower energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake when compared to baseline. Physical activity, collected by a standardized measurement tool (Yale Physical Activity Survey), increased during the intervention phase and subsequently decreased in the follow-up phase. IF was well tolerated in the majority of individuals with 6/10 participants stating they would continue with the IF regimen after the completion of the study, in a full or modified capacity (i.e., every other day or reduced fasting hours).CONCLUSIONThe results from this pilot study indicate that short-term daily IF may be a safe, tolerable, dietary intervention in T2DM patients that may improve key outcomes including body weight, fasting glucose and postprandial variability. These findings should be viewed as exploratory, and a larger, longer study is necessary to corroborate these findings.展开更多
Intermittent fasting(IF)is becoming a prevailing topic worldwide,as it can cause changes in the body’s energy metabolism processes,improve health,and affect the progression of many diseases,particularly in the circum...Intermittent fasting(IF)is becoming a prevailing topic worldwide,as it can cause changes in the body’s energy metabolism processes,improve health,and affect the progression of many diseases,particularly in the circumstance of oncology.Recent research has shown that IF can alter the energy metabolism of tumor cells,thereby inhibiting tumor growth and improving antitumor immune responses.Furthermore,IF can increase cancer sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and reduce the side effects of these traditional anticancer treatments.IF is therefore emerging as a promising approach to clinical cancer treatment.However,the balance between long-term benefits of IF compared with the harm from insufficient caloric intake is not well understood.In this article,we review the role of IF in tumorigenesis and tumor therapy,and discuss some scientific problems that remain to be clarified,which might provide some assistance in the application of IF in clinical tumor therapy.展开更多
Intermittent fasting(IF)is an intervention that involves not only dietary modific-ations but also behavioral changes with the main core being a period of fasting alternating with a period of controlled feeding.The dur...Intermittent fasting(IF)is an intervention that involves not only dietary modific-ations but also behavioral changes with the main core being a period of fasting alternating with a period of controlled feeding.The duration of fasting differs from one regimen to another.Ramadan fasting(RF)is a religious fasting for Muslims,it lasts for only one month every one lunar year.In this model of fasting,observers abstain from food and water for a period that extends from dawn to sunset.The period of daily fasting is variable(12-18 hours)as Ramadan rotates in all seasons of the year.Consequently,longer duration of daily fasting is observed during the summer.In fact,RF is a peculiar type of IF.It is a dry IF as no water is allowed during the fasting hours,also there are no calorie restrictions during feeding hours,and the mealtime is exclusively nighttime.These three variables of the RF model are believed to have a variable impact on different liver diseases.RF was evaluated by different observational and interventional studies among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and it was associated with improve-ments in anthropometric measures,metabolic profile,and liver biochemistry regardless of the calorie restriction among lean and obese patients.The situation is rather different for patients with liver cirrhosis.RF was associated with adverse events among patients with liver cirrhosis irrespective of the underlying etiology of cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients developed new ascites,ascites were increased,had higher serum bilirubin levels after Ramadan,and frequently developed hepatic encephalopathy and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.These complications were higher among patients with Child class B and C cirrhosis,and some fatalities occurred due to fasting.Liver transplant recipients as a special group of patients,are vulnerable to dehydration,fluctuation in blood immunosuppressive levels,likelihood of deterioration and hence observing RF without special precautions could represent a real danger for them.Patients with Gilbert syndrome can safely observe RF despite the minor elevations in serum bilirubin reported during the early days of fasting.展开更多
Intermittent fasting can benefit breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or immunotherapy.However,it is still uncertain how to select immunotherapy drugs to combine with intermittent fasting.Herein we observed ...Intermittent fasting can benefit breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or immunotherapy.However,it is still uncertain how to select immunotherapy drugs to combine with intermittent fasting.Herein we observed that two cycles of fasting treatment significantly inhibited breast tumor growth and lung tissue metastasis,as well as prolonged overall survival in mice bearing 4T1 and 4T07 breast cancer.During this process,both the immunosuppressive monocytic-(M-)and granulocytic-(G-)myeloid-derived suppressor cell(MDSC)decreased,accompanied by an increase in interleukin(IL)7R^(+)and granzyme B^(+)T cells in the tumor microenvironment.Interestingly,we observed that Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC sharply decreased after fasting treatment,and the cell surface markers and protein mass spectrometry data showed potential therapeutic targets.Mechanistic investigation revealed that glucose metabolism restriction suppressed the splenic granulocytemonocyte progenitor and the generation of colony-stimulating factors and IL-6,which both contributed to the accumulation of G-MDSC.On the other hand,glucose metabolism restriction can directly induce the apoptosis of Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC,but not Ly6G^(high)subsets.In summary,these results suggest that glucose metabolism restriction induced by fasting treatment attenuates the immune-suppressive milieu and enhances the activation of CD3^(+)T cells,providing potential solutions for enhancing immune-based cancer interventions.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease(CVD)has become one of the commonest causes of comorbidity and mortality among People living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(PLWH)on antiretroviral therapy(ART).Nearly 50%of PLWH are likel...Cardiovascular disease(CVD)has become one of the commonest causes of comorbidity and mortality among People living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(PLWH)on antiretroviral therapy(ART).Nearly 50%of PLWH are likely to have an increased risk of developing CVD,including coronary heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,peripheral artery disease and aortic atherosclerosis.Aside from the common risk factors,HIV infection itself and side effects of antiretroviral therapy contribute to the pathophysiology of this entity.Potential non-pharmacological therapies are currently being tested worldwide for this purpose,including eating patterns such as Intermittent fasting(IF).IF is a widespread practice gaining high level of interest in the scientific community due to its potential benefits such as improvement in serum lipids and lipoproteins,blood pressure(BP),platelet-derived growth factor AB,systemic inflammation,and carotid artery intima-media thickness among others cardiovascular benefits.This review will focus on exploring the potential role of intermittent fasting as a non-pharmacological and cost-effective strategy in decreasing the burden of cardiovascular diseases among HIV patients on ART due to its intrinsic properties improving the main cardiovascular risk factors and modulating inflammatory pathways related to endothelial dysfunction,lipid peroxidation and aging.Intermittent fasting regimens need to be tested in clinical trials as an important,cost-effective,and revolutionary coadjutant of ART in the fight against the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in PLWH.展开更多
Several recent scientific interventions have been conducted to investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on tumor metastasis. It is well known that IF has a positive effect on reducing OS in the human body....Several recent scientific interventions have been conducted to investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on tumor metastasis. It is well known that IF has a positive effect on reducing OS in the human body. OS is an important factor that leads to DNA damage and stimulates carcinogenesis through dysregulation of signaling pathways that are important for tumor survival and metastasis. Studies have demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR), Wnt Beta Catenin (Wnt/β-catenin), and hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (HGF/c-Met) are activated in response to the overproduction of OS and may result in carcinogenesis and tumor metastasis. In this review, we discuss the regulatory mechanism of IF in tumor metastasis by downregulating key OS pathways such as Ras/Raf/MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and HGF/c-Met.展开更多
Intermittent fasting is a kind of diet that extends the fasting time every day or several days per week.It mainly includes time-limited eating,alternate day fasting and periodic fasting.Intermittent fasting triggers e...Intermittent fasting is a kind of diet that extends the fasting time every day or several days per week.It mainly includes time-limited eating,alternate day fasting and periodic fasting.Intermittent fasting triggers evolutionary indications and conserved cellular responses to protect and improve body status by triggering a"metabolic switch"from hepatogenic glucose to adipocyte-derived ketone bodies.Gut microbiota and circadian rhythms have also been linked to intermittent fasting.This article focuses on the research progress of intermittent fasting and neurodegenerative diseases in order to provide a theoretical basis for nutritional treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
The circadian clock is crucial for the progression of cardiovascular diseases.Our previous studies showed that acrolein,an environmental pollutant,exacerbated atherosclerosis by reducing CLOCK/BMAL1 levels and disrupt...The circadian clock is crucial for the progression of cardiovascular diseases.Our previous studies showed that acrolein,an environmental pollutant,exacerbated atherosclerosis by reducing CLOCK/BMAL1 levels and disrupting circadian rhythm;in contrast,intermittent fasting(IF),a dietary regimen,ameliorated acrolein-induced atherosclerosis.In the current study,mice were administered acrolein at a dose of 3 mg/(kg·day)via drinking water and subjected to IF for 18 h(from 0:00 to 18:00).We observed that IF reduced the formation of aortic lesions accelerated by acrolein in Apo E-/-mice.Upon exposure to acrolein,the expression of Rel A,Il1b,and Tnf increased in the liver and heart tissues,but these changes were reversed by IF treatment.Notably,IF treatment upregulated the expression of adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1(AMPKα1),p-AMPKα1,and sirtuin 1(SIRT1),while inhibiting acrolein-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activation.Additionally,the expression of circadian genes Clock/Bmal1 was suppressed and disrupted by acrolein,whereas IF restored their expression.Moreover,consistent with the in vivo findings,shortterm starvation in vitro,as a fasting cell model,alleviated the dysregulation of CLOCK/BMAL1 and upregulated SIRT1 expression by modulating the AMPK and reactive oxygen species(ROS)-MAPK pathways activated by acrolein.In summary,we demonstrated that IF suppressed the ROS-MAPK pathway but activated the AMPK pathway to enhance the expression of circadian clock genes,thereby ameliorating acrolein-induced atherogenesis,which may shed light on strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
In the Research Article“Enhanced effects of intermittent fasting by magnetic fields in severe diabetes”,an error was inadvertently introduced during the production process[1].The unit of measurement in Fig.iB is“KG...In the Research Article“Enhanced effects of intermittent fasting by magnetic fields in severe diabetes”,an error was inadvertently introduced during the production process[1].The unit of measurement in Fig.iB is“KGs”,not“kg”The publisher apologizes for this error,which is corrected in the figure below.展开更多
Intermittent fasting(IF)is a convenient dietary intervention for multiple diseases,including type 2 diabetes.However,whether it can be used as a long-term antidiabetic approach is still unknown.Here,we confirm that IF...Intermittent fasting(IF)is a convenient dietary intervention for multiple diseases,including type 2 diabetes.However,whether it can be used as a long-term antidiabetic approach is still unknown.Here,we confirm that IF alone is beneficial for both moderate and severe diabetic mice,but its antidiabetic effects clearly diminish at later stages,especially for severe diabetic db/db mice,which have obviously impaired autophagy.We found that static magnetic fields can directly promote actin assembly and boost IF-induced autophagy.Consequently,the pancreatic islet and liver were improved,and the antidiabetic effects of IF were boosted.In fact,at later stages,combined static magnetic field and IF could reduce the blood glucose level of moderate type 2 diabetic mice by 40.5%(P<0.001)and severe type 2 diabetes by 34.4%(P<0.05),when IF alone no longer has significant blood glucose reduction effects.Therefore,although IF is generally beneficial for diabetes,our data reveal its insufficiency for late-stage diabetes,which can be compensated by a simple,noninvasive,long-lasting,and nonpharmacological strategy for effective long-term diabetic control.展开更多
In the last decade,intermittent fasting(IF)has risen in popularity due to its ability to promote significant weight loss and improve overall cardiometabolic health.In a recent study published in Cell,Chen and colleagu...In the last decade,intermittent fasting(IF)has risen in popularity due to its ability to promote significant weight loss and improve overall cardiometabolic health.In a recent study published in Cell,Chen and colleagues found that fastinginduced lipolysis of dermal adipocytes triggers hair follicle stem cells(HFSCs)to undergo apoptosis,thus inhibiting hair follicle regeneration in both mice and humans(Fig.1).展开更多
Platelet hyperreactivity contributes significantly to thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction and stroke. While antiplatelet drugs are used, residual ischemic risk remains. Intermittent fasting(IF), a dietary patter...Platelet hyperreactivity contributes significantly to thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction and stroke. While antiplatelet drugs are used, residual ischemic risk remains. Intermittent fasting(IF), a dietary pattern characterized by alternating periods of eating and fasting, has shown cardiovascular benefits, but its effect on platelet activation is unclear. This study demonstrates that IF inhibits platelet activation and thrombosis in both patients with coronary artery disease and apolipoprotein E(Apo E) knockout(Apo E-/-) mice, by enhancing intestinal flora production of indole-3-propionic acid(IPA). Mechanistically, elevated IPA in plasma directly attenuates platelet activation by binding to the platelet pregnane X receptor(PXR) and suppressing downstream signaling pathways, including Src/Lyn/Syk and LAT/PLCγ/PKC/Ca2+. Importantly, IF alleviates myocardial and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in Apo E-/-mice. These findings suggest that IF mitigates platelet activation and thrombosis risk in coronary atherosclerosis by enhancing intestinal flora production of IPA, which subsequently activates the platelet PXR-related signaling pathways.展开更多
Intermittent fasting(IF)is increasingly recognized as an effective dietary intervention for slowing aging process and alleviating metabolic disturbances in multiple chronic diseases,especially in cardiovascular diseas...Intermittent fasting(IF)is increasingly recognized as an effective dietary intervention for slowing aging process and alleviating metabolic disturbances in multiple chronic diseases,especially in cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).Despite recent progress,the mechanisms behind its effects on cardiovascular health from the perspective of circadian rhythms are not yet fully understood.This review aims to explore the interaction between IF and circadian rhythms,focusing on their combined effects on cardiometabolic risks and cardiovascular outcomes.Evidence from animal models and clinical trials suggests that IF provides protective effects against cardiac damage and dysfunction.It is also indicated that IF influences key cardiometabolic risk factors,such as insulin sensitivity,inflammation,and lipid metabolism,by aligning with the intrinsic biological rhythms.Additionally,we discuss the therapeutic potential of IF in cardiovascular outcomes,particularly in individuals with circadian disruptions.This review also highlights future research directions to identify the most effective fasting protocols and assess the long-term cardiovascular benefits of IF in disease prevention and treatment.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging globally, while no therapeutic medication has been approved as an effective treatment to date, lifestyle intervention through dietary modification and physical exer...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging globally, while no therapeutic medication has been approved as an effective treatment to date, lifestyle intervention through dietary modification and physical exercise plays a critical role in NAFLD management. In terms of dietary modification, Mediterranean diet is the most studied dietary pattern and is recommended in many guidelines, however, it may not be feasible and affordable for many patients. Recently, a ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting have gained public attention and have been studied in the role of weight management. This article reviews specifically whether these trendy dietary patterns have an effect on NAFLD outcomes regarding intrahepatic fat content, fibrosis, and liver enzymes, the scientific rationales behind these particular dietary patterns, as well as the safety concerns in some certain patient groups.展开更多
Importance:There is accumulating evidence that intermittent fasting(IF)is connected to improved health condition and longevity time-restricted feeding(TRF)is the most recognized and extensively studied model of IF.Obj...Importance:There is accumulating evidence that intermittent fasting(IF)is connected to improved health condition and longevity time-restricted feeding(TRF)is the most recognized and extensively studied model of IF.Objective:To investigate the underlying mechanism of pleiotropic benefits of IF and hint the most advantageous feeding pattern for humans.Evidence review:We searched MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library and Google Scholar by 2020 April for publications on IF or TRF and their mechanisms.Studies include animal models and human cohorts.Findings:One important mechanism is that IF allows certain period of fasting time,in which our bodies activate pathways of repair and rejuvenation.Moreover,the advantages of IF,especially TRF over total caloric restriction(CR)provided bases for various animal and human studies which suggested that the feeding-fasting rhythm stimulates the fluctuation of our gut microbiota and a series of subsequent molecular alterations,which in turn restored a healthier circadian clock that resembled our inherent clock formed throughout millions of years of homo sapiens history.Conclusions and Relevance for Reviews:Complete understanding of the mechanism leading to the beneficial effects of IF paves the way for tailored dietary regimen to combat a wide range of diseases and ill health conditions.展开更多
Historically,intermittent fasting(IF)has been considered as an effective strategy for controlling the weight of athletes before competition.Along with excellent insight into its application in various spaces by numero...Historically,intermittent fasting(IF)has been considered as an effective strategy for controlling the weight of athletes before competition.Along with excellent insight into its application in various spaces by numerous studies,increasing IF-mediated positive effects have been reported,including anti-aging,neuro protect ion,especially obesity control.Recently,the gut microbiota has been considered as an essential manipulator for host energy metabolism and its structure has been reported to be sensitive to dietary structure and habits,indicating that there is a potential and strong association between IF and gut microbiota.In this paper,we focus on the crosstalk between these symbionts and energy metabolism during IF which hold the promise to optimize host energy metabolism at various physical positions,including adipose tissue,liver and intestines,and further improve milieu internal homeostasis.Moreover,this paper also discusses the positive function of a potential recommendatory strain(Akkermansia muciniphila)based on the observational data for IF-mediated alternated pattern of gut microbiota and a hopefully regulatory pathway(circadian rhythm)for gut microbiota in IF-involved improvement on host energy metabolism.Finally,this review addresses the limitation and perspective originating from these studies,such as the association with tissue-specific bio-clock and single strain research,which may continuously reveal novel viewpoints and mechanisms to understand the energy metabolism and develop new strategies for treating obesity,diabetes,and metabolic disorders.展开更多
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating(TRE)is a dietary approach that limits eating to a set number of hours per day.Human studies on the effects of TRE intervention on cardiometabolic health have been contradictory.Hetero...BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating(TRE)is a dietary approach that limits eating to a set number of hours per day.Human studies on the effects of TRE intervention on cardiometabolic health have been contradictory.Heterogeneity in subjects and TRE interventions have led to inconsistency in results.Furthermore,the impact of the duration of eating/fasting in the TRE approach has yet to be fully explored.AIM To analyze the existing literature on the effects of TRE with different eating durations on anthropometrics and cardiometabolic health markers in adults with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases.METHODS We reviewed a series of prominent scientific databases,including Medline,Scopus,Web of Science,Academic Search Complete,and Cochrane Library articles to identify published clinical trials on daily TRE in adults with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases.Randomized controlled trials were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials(RoB-2).Outcomes of interest include body weight,waist circumference,fat mass,lean body mass,fasting glucose,insulin,HbA1c,homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),lipid profiles,C-reactive protein,blood pressure,and heart rate.RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in our systematic review.TRE significantly reduces body weight,waist circumference,fat mass,lean body mass,blood glucose,insulin,and triglyceride.However,no significant changes were observed in HbA1c,HOMA-IR,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,heart rate,systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Furthermore,subgroup analyses based on the duration of the eating window revealed significant variation in the effects of TRE intervention depending on the length of the eating window.CONCLUSION TRE is a promising chrononutrition-based dietary approach for improving anthropometric and cardiometabolic health.However,further clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal eating duration in TRE intervention for cardiovascular disease prevention.展开更多
Purpose Obesity and insulin resistance appear to worsen prognosis of breast cancer patients.We conducted a feasibility study to test a 5:2 fasting regime in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.The intervent...Purpose Obesity and insulin resistance appear to worsen prognosis of breast cancer patients.We conducted a feasibility study to test a 5:2 fasting regime in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.The intervention was rated as beneficial if it would be able to reduce fat mass while significantly improving insulin sensitivity.Methods A total of 13 non-metastatic breast cancer patients were recruited and instructed to completely abstain from food on two non-consecutive days(minimum 24 h)per week during radiotherapy.Body composition was measured weekly by bioimpedance analysis.Blood parameters were assessed before and at the end of radiotherapy.The product of triglycerides and glucose was used as a proxy for insulin sensitivity.A control group on an unspecified standard diet was assigned by propensity score matching.Results A total of twelve patients completed the study.Three patients reported side effects during fasting which were mild(grade 1).Two patients reported feeling bad while fasting,whereas five had a generally good or very good feeling.The fasting group experienced an average decrease of approximately 200 g body mass(p<0.0001),200 g(p=0.002)fat mass and 100 g muscle mass(p=0.047)per week,resulting in absolute reductions of 2.45±1.19 kg body mass,1.5±1.6 kg fat mass and 0.7±0.4 kg muscle mass.There was no improvement in insulin sensitivity and other markers of metabolic health except for gamma-glutamyltransferase which decreased by-7±8 U/l.There was also no indication that 5:2 fasting protected against acute skin toxicity.Conclusions 5:2 fasting is safe and feasible for breast cancer patients during radiotherapy and suitable to significantly reduce fat mass,but beneficial metabolic effects could not be confirmed.To improve these results,future studies could combine 5:2 fasting with carbohydrate restriction,increased protein intake and/or exercise.展开更多
文摘A recent article highlighted the hepatic benefits of intermittent fasting,particularly during Ramadan.However,the rising use of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)receptor agonists(RAs)is altering public behavior,leading to decreased interest in diet and exercise.With a focus on hepatic health,we analyzed global search trends using Google Trends™data from January 1,2022 to December 31,2024,focusing on the keywords"fasting","intermittent fasting","diet","nutrition","liver",Semaglutide("Ozempic"™,the most widely known GLP-1 RA)and Tirzepatide("Mounjaro"™,a newer dual GLP-1 and GIP RA).Search interest for"intermittent fasting"and"diet"showed a significant decline over time(Spearman's rho:-0.582 and-0.605,respectively,both P<0.001),while interest in"fasting"and"nutrition"remained stable.Search interest for Semaglutide,Tirzepatide,"fasting and liver","diet and liver"and Semaglutide and"liver"increased(Spearman's rho:+0.914,+0.936,+0.369,+0.297 and+0.808,respectively,all P<0.001).These findings suggest a trend of shifting away from traditional dieting toward broader health concerns,likely influenced by the increasing use of GLP-1/GIP RAs.
基金Supported by the Anhui University Research Project,No.2022AH051171Natural Science Foundation Project of Anhui Province,No.2408085QH271+6 种基金Anhui Medical University Scientific Research Level Improvement Plan,No.2022xkjT028Health Research Project of Anhui Province,No.AHWJ2023A30047the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.2208085MH240the Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education,No.2022AH051167the Anhui Quality Engineering Project,No.2023sx200,No.2023jyjxggyjY087 and No.2023zyxwjxalk046the Anhui Provincial Postgraduate Education Quality Project,No.2024cxcysj062and Anhui Medical University Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Project,No.YJS20240095.
文摘BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting(IF),particularly time-restricted feeding(TRF),is increasingly popular has gained popularity for weight loss,yet management,but its effects impact on gut health remain unclear.Remains inadequately understood.This study explores how investigated the effects of TRF effects on intestinal health and explored the underlying mechanisms.AIM To assess the effects of IF on intestinal health,elucidate the mechanisms involved.METHODS Mice were divided into two groups:Normal control(NC)and IF.The IF group underwent TRF,while the NC group had unrestricted access to food.Body weight,fecal characteristics,and intestinal morphology were analyzed.Colon tissue,serum,and fecal samples were collected for histological analysis,enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,flow cytometry,16S rRNA sequencing,and metabolomic profiling.RESULTS IF significantly affected body weight and intestinal morphology,compromised the intestinal barrier,increased pro-inflammatory cytokines,and heightened gut immune activation(P<0.05).It also disrupted the gut microbiota,promoting proinflammatory bacteria,reducing anti-inflammatory metabolites,and elevating pro-inflammatory metabolites(P<0.05).Indoleacrylic acid(IAA)supplementation notably alleviated intestinal inflammation and reversed immune dysfunction induced by IF(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Prolonged IF exacerbates intestinal inflammation by impairing gut barrier integrity and disrupting microbial homeostasis.However,IAA supplementation effectively mitigates fasting-induced intestinal inflammation and immune imbalance,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent.
基金Supported by Department of Medicine,University of Saskat-chewan,and the College of Pharmacy and Nutrition,University of Saskatchewan
文摘AIMTo determine the short-term biochemical effects and clinical tolerability of intermittent fasting (IF) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODSWe describe a three-phase observational study (baseline 2 wk, intervention 2 wk, follow-up 2 wk) designed to determine the clinical, biochemical, and tolerability of IF in community-dwelling volunteer adults with T2DM. Biochemical, anthropometric, and physical activity measurements (using the Yale Physical Activity Survey) were taken at the end of each phase. Participants reported morning, afternoon and evening self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) and fasting duration on a daily basis throughout all study stages, in addition to completing a remote food photography diary three times within each study phase. Fasting blood samples were collected on the final days of each study phase.RESULTSAt baseline, the ten participants had a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM and were all taking metformin, and on average were obese [mean body mass index (BMI) 36.90 kg/m<sup>2</sup>]. We report here that a short-term period of IF in a small group of individuals with T2DM led to significant group decreases in weight (-1.395 kg, P = 0.009), BMI (-0.517, P = 0.013), and at-target morning glucose (SMBG). Although not a study requirement, all participants preferentially chose eating hours starting in the midafternoon. There was a significant increase (P < 0.001) in daily hours fasted in the IF phase (+5.22 h), although few attained the 18-20 h fasting goal (mean 16.82 ± 1.18). The increased fasting duration improved at-goal (< 7.0 mmol/L) morning SMBG to 34.1%, from a baseline of 13.8%. Ordinal Logistic Regression models revealed a positive relationship between the increase in hours fasted and fasting glucose reaching target values (χ<sup>2</sup> likelihood ratio = 8.36, P = 0.004) but not for afternoon or evening SMBG (all P > 0.1). Postprandial SMBGs were also improved during the IF phase, with 60.5% readings below 9.05 mmol/L, compared to 52.6% at baseline, and with less glucose variation. Neither insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), nor inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein) normalized during the IF phase. IF led to an overall spontaneous decrease in caloric intake as measured by food photography (Remote Food Photography Method). The data demonstrated discernable trends during IF for lower energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake when compared to baseline. Physical activity, collected by a standardized measurement tool (Yale Physical Activity Survey), increased during the intervention phase and subsequently decreased in the follow-up phase. IF was well tolerated in the majority of individuals with 6/10 participants stating they would continue with the IF regimen after the completion of the study, in a full or modified capacity (i.e., every other day or reduced fasting hours).CONCLUSIONThe results from this pilot study indicate that short-term daily IF may be a safe, tolerable, dietary intervention in T2DM patients that may improve key outcomes including body weight, fasting glucose and postprandial variability. These findings should be viewed as exploratory, and a larger, longer study is necessary to corroborate these findings.
基金supported by the Program for Highlevel Innovative Talents in Guizhou Province(Grant No.QKH-RC-2016-4031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31760258)+2 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.NCET-12-0661)the Program for Excellent Young Talents of Zunyi Medical University(Grant No.15ZY-001)the Project of the Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant No.QKH-JC-2018-1428)。
文摘Intermittent fasting(IF)is becoming a prevailing topic worldwide,as it can cause changes in the body’s energy metabolism processes,improve health,and affect the progression of many diseases,particularly in the circumstance of oncology.Recent research has shown that IF can alter the energy metabolism of tumor cells,thereby inhibiting tumor growth and improving antitumor immune responses.Furthermore,IF can increase cancer sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and reduce the side effects of these traditional anticancer treatments.IF is therefore emerging as a promising approach to clinical cancer treatment.However,the balance between long-term benefits of IF compared with the harm from insufficient caloric intake is not well understood.In this article,we review the role of IF in tumorigenesis and tumor therapy,and discuss some scientific problems that remain to be clarified,which might provide some assistance in the application of IF in clinical tumor therapy.
文摘Intermittent fasting(IF)is an intervention that involves not only dietary modific-ations but also behavioral changes with the main core being a period of fasting alternating with a period of controlled feeding.The duration of fasting differs from one regimen to another.Ramadan fasting(RF)is a religious fasting for Muslims,it lasts for only one month every one lunar year.In this model of fasting,observers abstain from food and water for a period that extends from dawn to sunset.The period of daily fasting is variable(12-18 hours)as Ramadan rotates in all seasons of the year.Consequently,longer duration of daily fasting is observed during the summer.In fact,RF is a peculiar type of IF.It is a dry IF as no water is allowed during the fasting hours,also there are no calorie restrictions during feeding hours,and the mealtime is exclusively nighttime.These three variables of the RF model are believed to have a variable impact on different liver diseases.RF was evaluated by different observational and interventional studies among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and it was associated with improve-ments in anthropometric measures,metabolic profile,and liver biochemistry regardless of the calorie restriction among lean and obese patients.The situation is rather different for patients with liver cirrhosis.RF was associated with adverse events among patients with liver cirrhosis irrespective of the underlying etiology of cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients developed new ascites,ascites were increased,had higher serum bilirubin levels after Ramadan,and frequently developed hepatic encephalopathy and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.These complications were higher among patients with Child class B and C cirrhosis,and some fatalities occurred due to fasting.Liver transplant recipients as a special group of patients,are vulnerable to dehydration,fluctuation in blood immunosuppressive levels,likelihood of deterioration and hence observing RF without special precautions could represent a real danger for them.Patients with Gilbert syndrome can safely observe RF despite the minor elevations in serum bilirubin reported during the early days of fasting.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Research Funds of Hebei Medical University(30705010016-3759)Natural Science Foundation of China(32272328)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2022321001)National Key Research Project of Hebei Province(20375502D)Postdoctoral Research Project of Hebei Province(B2022003031)Science and Technology Research Program of Hebei Provincial Colleges(QN2023229)Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health(2023YDYY-KF05)。
文摘Intermittent fasting can benefit breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or immunotherapy.However,it is still uncertain how to select immunotherapy drugs to combine with intermittent fasting.Herein we observed that two cycles of fasting treatment significantly inhibited breast tumor growth and lung tissue metastasis,as well as prolonged overall survival in mice bearing 4T1 and 4T07 breast cancer.During this process,both the immunosuppressive monocytic-(M-)and granulocytic-(G-)myeloid-derived suppressor cell(MDSC)decreased,accompanied by an increase in interleukin(IL)7R^(+)and granzyme B^(+)T cells in the tumor microenvironment.Interestingly,we observed that Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC sharply decreased after fasting treatment,and the cell surface markers and protein mass spectrometry data showed potential therapeutic targets.Mechanistic investigation revealed that glucose metabolism restriction suppressed the splenic granulocytemonocyte progenitor and the generation of colony-stimulating factors and IL-6,which both contributed to the accumulation of G-MDSC.On the other hand,glucose metabolism restriction can directly induce the apoptosis of Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC,but not Ly6G^(high)subsets.In summary,these results suggest that glucose metabolism restriction induced by fasting treatment attenuates the immune-suppressive milieu and enhances the activation of CD3^(+)T cells,providing potential solutions for enhancing immune-based cancer interventions.
文摘Cardiovascular disease(CVD)has become one of the commonest causes of comorbidity and mortality among People living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(PLWH)on antiretroviral therapy(ART).Nearly 50%of PLWH are likely to have an increased risk of developing CVD,including coronary heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,peripheral artery disease and aortic atherosclerosis.Aside from the common risk factors,HIV infection itself and side effects of antiretroviral therapy contribute to the pathophysiology of this entity.Potential non-pharmacological therapies are currently being tested worldwide for this purpose,including eating patterns such as Intermittent fasting(IF).IF is a widespread practice gaining high level of interest in the scientific community due to its potential benefits such as improvement in serum lipids and lipoproteins,blood pressure(BP),platelet-derived growth factor AB,systemic inflammation,and carotid artery intima-media thickness among others cardiovascular benefits.This review will focus on exploring the potential role of intermittent fasting as a non-pharmacological and cost-effective strategy in decreasing the burden of cardiovascular diseases among HIV patients on ART due to its intrinsic properties improving the main cardiovascular risk factors and modulating inflammatory pathways related to endothelial dysfunction,lipid peroxidation and aging.Intermittent fasting regimens need to be tested in clinical trials as an important,cost-effective,and revolutionary coadjutant of ART in the fight against the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in PLWH.
文摘Several recent scientific interventions have been conducted to investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on tumor metastasis. It is well known that IF has a positive effect on reducing OS in the human body. OS is an important factor that leads to DNA damage and stimulates carcinogenesis through dysregulation of signaling pathways that are important for tumor survival and metastasis. Studies have demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR), Wnt Beta Catenin (Wnt/β-catenin), and hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (HGF/c-Met) are activated in response to the overproduction of OS and may result in carcinogenesis and tumor metastasis. In this review, we discuss the regulatory mechanism of IF in tumor metastasis by downregulating key OS pathways such as Ras/Raf/MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and HGF/c-Met.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31570349).
文摘Intermittent fasting is a kind of diet that extends the fasting time every day or several days per week.It mainly includes time-limited eating,alternate day fasting and periodic fasting.Intermittent fasting triggers evolutionary indications and conserved cellular responses to protect and improve body status by triggering a"metabolic switch"from hepatogenic glucose to adipocyte-derived ketone bodies.Gut microbiota and circadian rhythms have also been linked to intermittent fasting.This article focuses on the research progress of intermittent fasting and neurodegenerative diseases in order to provide a theoretical basis for nutritional treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the Key Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health(Grant No.ZD2022012)。
文摘The circadian clock is crucial for the progression of cardiovascular diseases.Our previous studies showed that acrolein,an environmental pollutant,exacerbated atherosclerosis by reducing CLOCK/BMAL1 levels and disrupting circadian rhythm;in contrast,intermittent fasting(IF),a dietary regimen,ameliorated acrolein-induced atherosclerosis.In the current study,mice were administered acrolein at a dose of 3 mg/(kg·day)via drinking water and subjected to IF for 18 h(from 0:00 to 18:00).We observed that IF reduced the formation of aortic lesions accelerated by acrolein in Apo E-/-mice.Upon exposure to acrolein,the expression of Rel A,Il1b,and Tnf increased in the liver and heart tissues,but these changes were reversed by IF treatment.Notably,IF treatment upregulated the expression of adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1(AMPKα1),p-AMPKα1,and sirtuin 1(SIRT1),while inhibiting acrolein-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activation.Additionally,the expression of circadian genes Clock/Bmal1 was suppressed and disrupted by acrolein,whereas IF restored their expression.Moreover,consistent with the in vivo findings,shortterm starvation in vitro,as a fasting cell model,alleviated the dysregulation of CLOCK/BMAL1 and upregulated SIRT1 expression by modulating the AMPK and reactive oxygen species(ROS)-MAPK pathways activated by acrolein.In summary,we demonstrated that IF suppressed the ROS-MAPK pathway but activated the AMPK pathway to enhance the expression of circadian clock genes,thereby ameliorating acrolein-induced atherogenesis,which may shed light on strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
文摘In the Research Article“Enhanced effects of intermittent fasting by magnetic fields in severe diabetes”,an error was inadvertently introduced during the production process[1].The unit of measurement in Fig.iB is“KGs”,not“kg”The publisher apologizes for this error,which is corrected in the figure below.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3507004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20148 and 52377228)+4 种基金International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(116134-KYSB20210052)Heye Health Technology Chong Ming Project(HYCMP2021010)CASHIPS Director's Fund(BJPY2021A06)Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS(2022HSC-CIP002)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-097).
文摘Intermittent fasting(IF)is a convenient dietary intervention for multiple diseases,including type 2 diabetes.However,whether it can be used as a long-term antidiabetic approach is still unknown.Here,we confirm that IF alone is beneficial for both moderate and severe diabetic mice,but its antidiabetic effects clearly diminish at later stages,especially for severe diabetic db/db mice,which have obviously impaired autophagy.We found that static magnetic fields can directly promote actin assembly and boost IF-induced autophagy.Consequently,the pancreatic islet and liver were improved,and the antidiabetic effects of IF were boosted.In fact,at later stages,combined static magnetic field and IF could reduce the blood glucose level of moderate type 2 diabetic mice by 40.5%(P<0.001)and severe type 2 diabetes by 34.4%(P<0.05),when IF alone no longer has significant blood glucose reduction effects.Therefore,although IF is generally beneficial for diabetes,our data reveal its insufficiency for late-stage diabetes,which can be compensated by a simple,noninvasive,long-lasting,and nonpharmacological strategy for effective long-term diabetic control.
文摘In the last decade,intermittent fasting(IF)has risen in popularity due to its ability to promote significant weight loss and improve overall cardiometabolic health.In a recent study published in Cell,Chen and colleagues found that fastinginduced lipolysis of dermal adipocytes triggers hair follicle stem cells(HFSCs)to undergo apoptosis,thus inhibiting hair follicle regeneration in both mice and humans(Fig.1).
基金supported by the grants to J.G. from the National Basic Research Center of China (T2288101)the Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300)+7 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (shslczdzk01701)the State Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project (YW2021-002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81970298)the Clinical Research Special Fund of Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University (2020ZSLC57)2021 Clinical Research Navigation Project of Shanghai Medical College of Fudan Universitythe National Natural Science Foundation of China (82100355)the Shanghai Sailing Program (21YF1406000)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Fund (22S31904900)
文摘Platelet hyperreactivity contributes significantly to thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction and stroke. While antiplatelet drugs are used, residual ischemic risk remains. Intermittent fasting(IF), a dietary pattern characterized by alternating periods of eating and fasting, has shown cardiovascular benefits, but its effect on platelet activation is unclear. This study demonstrates that IF inhibits platelet activation and thrombosis in both patients with coronary artery disease and apolipoprotein E(Apo E) knockout(Apo E-/-) mice, by enhancing intestinal flora production of indole-3-propionic acid(IPA). Mechanistically, elevated IPA in plasma directly attenuates platelet activation by binding to the platelet pregnane X receptor(PXR) and suppressing downstream signaling pathways, including Src/Lyn/Syk and LAT/PLCγ/PKC/Ca2+. Importantly, IF alleviates myocardial and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in Apo E-/-mice. These findings suggest that IF mitigates platelet activation and thrombosis risk in coronary atherosclerosis by enhancing intestinal flora production of IPA, which subsequently activates the platelet PXR-related signaling pathways.
基金supported by the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0503204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82421001,823B2005,824B1015,82230014,81930007,and 32100426)+8 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2502300 and 2022YFE0103500)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(81625002)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(2022JC013,2023ZZ02021,GWVI-11.1-26,and 2022ZZ01008)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22JC1402100,22DZ2292400,and 20YF1426100)the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(SHSMU-ZDCX20210700)the Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning,the Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai(SHSMUZDCX20210700)(Project 2021-01-07-00-02-E00083)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C023)the Medical-Engineering Joint Funds of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(YG2022QN107)the Pudong New District Health Commission(PW2023E-02).
文摘Intermittent fasting(IF)is increasingly recognized as an effective dietary intervention for slowing aging process and alleviating metabolic disturbances in multiple chronic diseases,especially in cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).Despite recent progress,the mechanisms behind its effects on cardiovascular health from the perspective of circadian rhythms are not yet fully understood.This review aims to explore the interaction between IF and circadian rhythms,focusing on their combined effects on cardiometabolic risks and cardiovascular outcomes.Evidence from animal models and clinical trials suggests that IF provides protective effects against cardiac damage and dysfunction.It is also indicated that IF influences key cardiometabolic risk factors,such as insulin sensitivity,inflammation,and lipid metabolism,by aligning with the intrinsic biological rhythms.Additionally,we discuss the therapeutic potential of IF in cardiovascular outcomes,particularly in individuals with circadian disruptions.This review also highlights future research directions to identify the most effective fasting protocols and assess the long-term cardiovascular benefits of IF in disease prevention and treatment.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging globally, while no therapeutic medication has been approved as an effective treatment to date, lifestyle intervention through dietary modification and physical exercise plays a critical role in NAFLD management. In terms of dietary modification, Mediterranean diet is the most studied dietary pattern and is recommended in many guidelines, however, it may not be feasible and affordable for many patients. Recently, a ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting have gained public attention and have been studied in the role of weight management. This article reviews specifically whether these trendy dietary patterns have an effect on NAFLD outcomes regarding intrahepatic fat content, fibrosis, and liver enzymes, the scientific rationales behind these particular dietary patterns, as well as the safety concerns in some certain patient groups.
文摘Importance:There is accumulating evidence that intermittent fasting(IF)is connected to improved health condition and longevity time-restricted feeding(TRF)is the most recognized and extensively studied model of IF.Objective:To investigate the underlying mechanism of pleiotropic benefits of IF and hint the most advantageous feeding pattern for humans.Evidence review:We searched MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library and Google Scholar by 2020 April for publications on IF or TRF and their mechanisms.Studies include animal models and human cohorts.Findings:One important mechanism is that IF allows certain period of fasting time,in which our bodies activate pathways of repair and rejuvenation.Moreover,the advantages of IF,especially TRF over total caloric restriction(CR)provided bases for various animal and human studies which suggested that the feeding-fasting rhythm stimulates the fluctuation of our gut microbiota and a series of subsequent molecular alterations,which in turn restored a healthier circadian clock that resembled our inherent clock formed throughout millions of years of homo sapiens history.Conclusions and Relevance for Reviews:Complete understanding of the mechanism leading to the beneficial effects of IF paves the way for tailored dietary regimen to combat a wide range of diseases and ill health conditions.
基金supported by the Key Sci-tech innovation team of Shaanxi province(2017KCT-24)the Joint Funds of the National Nature Science Foundation of China(U1804106)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China(81860762)Qinghai Fundamental Scientific and Technological Research Plan(2018-ZJ-721)the Scientific Research Guiding Plan Topic of Qinghai Hygiene Department(2018-wjzdx-131)。
文摘Historically,intermittent fasting(IF)has been considered as an effective strategy for controlling the weight of athletes before competition.Along with excellent insight into its application in various spaces by numerous studies,increasing IF-mediated positive effects have been reported,including anti-aging,neuro protect ion,especially obesity control.Recently,the gut microbiota has been considered as an essential manipulator for host energy metabolism and its structure has been reported to be sensitive to dietary structure and habits,indicating that there is a potential and strong association between IF and gut microbiota.In this paper,we focus on the crosstalk between these symbionts and energy metabolism during IF which hold the promise to optimize host energy metabolism at various physical positions,including adipose tissue,liver and intestines,and further improve milieu internal homeostasis.Moreover,this paper also discusses the positive function of a potential recommendatory strain(Akkermansia muciniphila)based on the observational data for IF-mediated alternated pattern of gut microbiota and a hopefully regulatory pathway(circadian rhythm)for gut microbiota in IF-involved improvement on host energy metabolism.Finally,this review addresses the limitation and perspective originating from these studies,such as the association with tissue-specific bio-clock and single strain research,which may continuously reveal novel viewpoints and mechanisms to understand the energy metabolism and develop new strategies for treating obesity,diabetes,and metabolic disorders.
文摘BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating(TRE)is a dietary approach that limits eating to a set number of hours per day.Human studies on the effects of TRE intervention on cardiometabolic health have been contradictory.Heterogeneity in subjects and TRE interventions have led to inconsistency in results.Furthermore,the impact of the duration of eating/fasting in the TRE approach has yet to be fully explored.AIM To analyze the existing literature on the effects of TRE with different eating durations on anthropometrics and cardiometabolic health markers in adults with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases.METHODS We reviewed a series of prominent scientific databases,including Medline,Scopus,Web of Science,Academic Search Complete,and Cochrane Library articles to identify published clinical trials on daily TRE in adults with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases.Randomized controlled trials were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials(RoB-2).Outcomes of interest include body weight,waist circumference,fat mass,lean body mass,fasting glucose,insulin,HbA1c,homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),lipid profiles,C-reactive protein,blood pressure,and heart rate.RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in our systematic review.TRE significantly reduces body weight,waist circumference,fat mass,lean body mass,blood glucose,insulin,and triglyceride.However,no significant changes were observed in HbA1c,HOMA-IR,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,heart rate,systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Furthermore,subgroup analyses based on the duration of the eating window revealed significant variation in the effects of TRE intervention depending on the length of the eating window.CONCLUSION TRE is a promising chrononutrition-based dietary approach for improving anthropometric and cardiometabolic health.However,further clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal eating duration in TRE intervention for cardiovascular disease prevention.
文摘Purpose Obesity and insulin resistance appear to worsen prognosis of breast cancer patients.We conducted a feasibility study to test a 5:2 fasting regime in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.The intervention was rated as beneficial if it would be able to reduce fat mass while significantly improving insulin sensitivity.Methods A total of 13 non-metastatic breast cancer patients were recruited and instructed to completely abstain from food on two non-consecutive days(minimum 24 h)per week during radiotherapy.Body composition was measured weekly by bioimpedance analysis.Blood parameters were assessed before and at the end of radiotherapy.The product of triglycerides and glucose was used as a proxy for insulin sensitivity.A control group on an unspecified standard diet was assigned by propensity score matching.Results A total of twelve patients completed the study.Three patients reported side effects during fasting which were mild(grade 1).Two patients reported feeling bad while fasting,whereas five had a generally good or very good feeling.The fasting group experienced an average decrease of approximately 200 g body mass(p<0.0001),200 g(p=0.002)fat mass and 100 g muscle mass(p=0.047)per week,resulting in absolute reductions of 2.45±1.19 kg body mass,1.5±1.6 kg fat mass and 0.7±0.4 kg muscle mass.There was no improvement in insulin sensitivity and other markers of metabolic health except for gamma-glutamyltransferase which decreased by-7±8 U/l.There was also no indication that 5:2 fasting protected against acute skin toxicity.Conclusions 5:2 fasting is safe and feasible for breast cancer patients during radiotherapy and suitable to significantly reduce fat mass,but beneficial metabolic effects could not be confirmed.To improve these results,future studies could combine 5:2 fasting with carbohydrate restriction,increased protein intake and/or exercise.
