Dysfunction of drug transporters significantly affects therapeutic outcomes and drug efficacy in patients with liver injury.Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that liver injury involves complex inter-orga...Dysfunction of drug transporters significantly affects therapeutic outcomes and drug efficacy in patients with liver injury.Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that liver injury involves complex inter-organ interactions among the brain,eye,liver,intestine,and kidney.Recent advances in basic and clinical research have illuminated the physiologic and molecular mechanisms underlying transporter alterations in liver injury,particularly those associated with bilirubin,reactive oxygen species,ammonia,bile acid,and inflammatory factors.Notably,the influence of these transporter modifications on drug pharmacokinetics in liver injury patients remains inadequately understood.Additional research is necessary to fully comprehend these effects and their therapeutic implications.The documented alterations of transporters in distant organs across various liver diseases indicate that dosage modifications may be required when administering transporter-substrate drugs,including both traditional Chinese and Western medicines,to patients with liver dysfunction.This strategy helps maintain drug concentrations within therapeutic ranges while reducing adverse reactions.Furthermore,when utilizing transporter inducers or inhibitors clinically,consideration of their long-term effects on transporters and subsequent therapeutic impact is essential.Careful attention must be paid to avoid compromising the elimination of toxic metabolites and proteins when inhibiting these transporters.Similarly,prudent use of inducers or inducertype therapeutic drugs is necessary to prevent enhanced drug resistance.This review examines recent clinical and experimental findings regarding the inter-organ interaction of drug transporters in liver injury conditions and their clinical relevance.展开更多
Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome and closely related to changes in signal communication between organs,which is mediated by cancer cachexia factors.Cancer cachexia factors,being the general name of inflammato...Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome and closely related to changes in signal communication between organs,which is mediated by cancer cachexia factors.Cancer cachexia factors,being the general name of inflammatory factors,circulating proteins,metabolites,and microRNA secreted by tumor or host cells,play a role in secretory or other organs and mediate complex signal communication between organs during cancer cachexia.Cancer cachexia factors are also a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment.The pathogenesis of cachexia is unclear and no clear effective treatment is available.Thus,the treatment of cancer cachexia from the perspective of the tumor ecosystem rather than from the perspective of a single molecule and a single organ is urgently needed.From the point of signal communication between organs mediated by cancer cachexia factors,finding a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of cancer cachexia is of great significance to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.This review begins with cancer cachexia factors released during the interaction between tumor and host cells,and provides a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment for cancer cachexia,along with a particular sight on multi-organ signal communication mediated by cancer cachexia factors.This summary aims to deepen medical community’s understanding of cancer cachexia and may conduce to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia.展开更多
In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to exploring the complex gene regulatory networks involved in the development of the plant vascular system. Such information is crucial to our understanding of the...In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to exploring the complex gene regulatory networks involved in the development of the plant vascular system. Such information is crucial to our understanding of the molecular and cellular events which give rise to the integrated tissues of the xylem and phloem, leading to the formation of structurally continuous conduits that interconnect various organs of the plant. Vascular development begins in the embryo to form progenitor cells, and upon germination, these progenitor cells and their decedents in the shoot and root meristems will form phloem and xylem, and the cambium.展开更多
In this Special Issue, a focus is placed on the role of the xylem as an essential conduit for the long-distance delivery of water and mineral nutrients from the soil to the vegetative （above-ground） regions of the p...In this Special Issue, a focus is placed on the role of the xylem as an essential conduit for the long-distance delivery of water and mineral nutrients from the soil to the vegetative （above-ground） regions of the plant. Xylem cells destined to form tracheids or vessel members, which will make up the conduit for this water and mineral transport from the roots to the shoots, undergo apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death.展开更多
建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)技术能够降低信息不对称的影响和改善设计、采购、施工(engineering procurement construction,EPC)工程总承包项目主体间的信任关系,缓解业主与总承包商之间合作分歧或停滞的状态,进...建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)技术能够降低信息不对称的影响和改善设计、采购、施工(engineering procurement construction,EPC)工程总承包项目主体间的信任关系,缓解业主与总承包商之间合作分歧或停滞的状态,进而促进总承包商发挥创新性并提高项目绩效。BIM技术通过改变EPC项目组织结构、管理流程和个体工作方式构建了授权氛围,文中探索在BIM技术赋能EPC项目情境的授权氛围演化的基础上,结合社会认知理论,构建理论模型和相关假设,运用结构方程模型探索基于BIM的授权氛围、组织间信任、心理授权和创新行为的关系。研究结果表明,基于BIM的授权氛围对总承包商的创新行为具有直接的积极效应,且还可以通过组织间信任、心理授权独立中介作用,以及组织间信任和心理授权的链式中介作用3条路径对总承包商的创新行为产生间接影响。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82173884).
文摘Dysfunction of drug transporters significantly affects therapeutic outcomes and drug efficacy in patients with liver injury.Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that liver injury involves complex inter-organ interactions among the brain,eye,liver,intestine,and kidney.Recent advances in basic and clinical research have illuminated the physiologic and molecular mechanisms underlying transporter alterations in liver injury,particularly those associated with bilirubin,reactive oxygen species,ammonia,bile acid,and inflammatory factors.Notably,the influence of these transporter modifications on drug pharmacokinetics in liver injury patients remains inadequately understood.Additional research is necessary to fully comprehend these effects and their therapeutic implications.The documented alterations of transporters in distant organs across various liver diseases indicate that dosage modifications may be required when administering transporter-substrate drugs,including both traditional Chinese and Western medicines,to patients with liver dysfunction.This strategy helps maintain drug concentrations within therapeutic ranges while reducing adverse reactions.Furthermore,when utilizing transporter inducers or inhibitors clinically,consideration of their long-term effects on transporters and subsequent therapeutic impact is essential.Careful attention must be paid to avoid compromising the elimination of toxic metabolites and proteins when inhibiting these transporters.Similarly,prudent use of inducers or inducertype therapeutic drugs is necessary to prevent enhanced drug resistance.This review examines recent clinical and experimental findings regarding the inter-organ interaction of drug transporters in liver injury conditions and their clinical relevance.
基金supported by the High-Level Talent Introduction Funds from the First Hospital of Lanzhou University.
文摘Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome and closely related to changes in signal communication between organs,which is mediated by cancer cachexia factors.Cancer cachexia factors,being the general name of inflammatory factors,circulating proteins,metabolites,and microRNA secreted by tumor or host cells,play a role in secretory or other organs and mediate complex signal communication between organs during cancer cachexia.Cancer cachexia factors are also a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment.The pathogenesis of cachexia is unclear and no clear effective treatment is available.Thus,the treatment of cancer cachexia from the perspective of the tumor ecosystem rather than from the perspective of a single molecule and a single organ is urgently needed.From the point of signal communication between organs mediated by cancer cachexia factors,finding a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of cancer cachexia is of great significance to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.This review begins with cancer cachexia factors released during the interaction between tumor and host cells,and provides a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment for cancer cachexia,along with a particular sight on multi-organ signal communication mediated by cancer cachexia factors.This summary aims to deepen medical community’s understanding of cancer cachexia and may conduce to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia.
文摘In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to exploring the complex gene regulatory networks involved in the development of the plant vascular system. Such information is crucial to our understanding of the molecular and cellular events which give rise to the integrated tissues of the xylem and phloem, leading to the formation of structurally continuous conduits that interconnect various organs of the plant. Vascular development begins in the embryo to form progenitor cells, and upon germination, these progenitor cells and their decedents in the shoot and root meristems will form phloem and xylem, and the cambium.
文摘In this Special Issue, a focus is placed on the role of the xylem as an essential conduit for the long-distance delivery of water and mineral nutrients from the soil to the vegetative （above-ground） regions of the plant. Xylem cells destined to form tracheids or vessel members, which will make up the conduit for this water and mineral transport from the roots to the shoots, undergo apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death.
文摘建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)技术能够降低信息不对称的影响和改善设计、采购、施工(engineering procurement construction,EPC)工程总承包项目主体间的信任关系,缓解业主与总承包商之间合作分歧或停滞的状态,进而促进总承包商发挥创新性并提高项目绩效。BIM技术通过改变EPC项目组织结构、管理流程和个体工作方式构建了授权氛围,文中探索在BIM技术赋能EPC项目情境的授权氛围演化的基础上,结合社会认知理论,构建理论模型和相关假设,运用结构方程模型探索基于BIM的授权氛围、组织间信任、心理授权和创新行为的关系。研究结果表明,基于BIM的授权氛围对总承包商的创新行为具有直接的积极效应,且还可以通过组织间信任、心理授权独立中介作用,以及组织间信任和心理授权的链式中介作用3条路径对总承包商的创新行为产生间接影响。
