In this paper, the causes of the occurrence of the temperature increase by an impending earthquake of low altitude atmosphere and on the ground surface have been preliminarily expounded through several simulative cont...In this paper, the causes of the occurrence of the temperature increase by an impending earthquake of low altitude atmosphere and on the ground surface have been preliminarily expounded through several simulative controlexperiments. Air polarized by the anomalous atmospheric static electric field is regarded as the primary factor tocreate air temperature increase to a large degree and over a large area in the sunlight. In addition, another causeis considered as the temperature increase effect of “polluted” air.展开更多
Debris flow prediction is one of the important means to reduce the loss caused by debris flow. This paper built a regional prediction model of impending debris flow based on regional environmental background （includi...Debris flow prediction is one of the important means to reduce the loss caused by debris flow. This paper built a regional prediction model of impending debris flow based on regional environmental background （including topography, geology, land use, and etc.）, rainfall and debris flow data. A system of regional prediction of impending debris flow was set up on ArcGIS 9.0 platform according to the model. The system used forecast precipitation data of Doppler weather radar and observational precipitation data as its input data. It could provide a prediction about the possibility of debris flow one to three hours before it happened, and was put into use in Liangshan Meteorological Observatory in Sichuan province in the monsoon of 2006.展开更多
Based on repeated comparison studies of broadband digital seismic records before the Wenchuan MS8. 0,Yushu MS7. 1 and Qingchuan MS5. 4 earthquakes,the possible microseismic fluctuations before impending earthquakes we...Based on repeated comparison studies of broadband digital seismic records before the Wenchuan MS8. 0,Yushu MS7. 1 and Qingchuan MS5. 4 earthquakes,the possible microseismic fluctuations before impending earthquakes were preliminarily identified. In order to verify and test this phenomenon,a real-time tracking technical system was established by using continuous waveform records of more than 200 wide-band digital seismic stations in regional networks such as Gansu,Qinghai,Sichuan,Yunnan and Tibet.Through real-time tracking and dynamic monitoring of 24 earthquakes with M≥5. 0 occurring in the Qinghai-Tibetan block during the period of 2012-2014 and the observations of stations in some non-seismic areas,the reproducibility and objectivity of the impending earthquake phenomenon were verified. The main characteristics of the microseismic fluctuation phenomena immediately preceding the strong earthquakes are as follows:(1)the spectrum range is wider,the dominant frequency is 11-16 Hz,and the spectrum shape is more regular;(2)it appears 6-24 days before the earthquake,averaging about 15 days;(3)it is possible to be recorded by the stations within the epicenter distance of 50 km,and the stations with the epicenter distance of more than 50 km generally cannot record it;(4)this phenomenon is directional,i. e. the direction in which the activity degree,N-value,varies significantly may be related to the location of the seismic source,the seismogenic fault and the distribution of aftershocks of the strong earthquake. The preliminary study shows that the impending-earthquakes microseismic phenomena may be related to the pre-activity,micro-vibration and micro-rupture in the source region in the imminent stage,or the microactivity and micro-rupture associated with the active tectonics.展开更多
Taking the three earthquakes which occurred in Tibet, China during the period of July 12 to August 25, 2004 as an example,the paper analyses the M_S≥6.0 earthquakes that occurred in China and M_S≥7.0 earthquakes tha...Taking the three earthquakes which occurred in Tibet, China during the period of July 12 to August 25, 2004 as an example,the paper analyses the M_S≥6.0 earthquakes that occurred in China and M_S≥7.0 earthquakes that occurred overseas since May of 2003 by combining the image data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction of America(NCEP)with the additive tectonic stress from astro-tidal-triggering (ATSA) and makes the following conclusions: The abnormal temperature image data of NCEP can better reflect the spatial-temporal evolution process of tectonic earthquake activity; The ATSA has an evident triggering effect on the activity of a fault when the terra stress is in critical status; using the NCEP images and the ATSA to forecast short-impending earthquake is a new concept; The three earthquakes occurred during the same phase of the respective ATSA cycle, i.e. that occurred at the time when the ATSA reached the relatively steady end of a peak, rather than at the time when the variation rate was maximal. In addition, the author discovered that the occurrence time of other earthquake cases during 2003～2004 in Tibet was also in the same phase of the above-mentioned cycles, and therefore, further study of this feature is needed with more earthquake cases in other areas over longer periods of time.展开更多
Mechanism of satellitic thermo-infrared brightness temperature and temperature increasing is studied. Experiments are made with a gas sample taken around the epicenter area. The gas sample is proved to contain green h...Mechanism of satellitic thermo-infrared brightness temperature and temperature increasing is studied. Experiments are made with a gas sample taken around the epicenter area. The gas sample is proved to contain green house gases such as CH4 and CO2 which have increased by tens of thousands of times. In addition, lab research also proves that CH4 and CO2 can obtain energy under the action of transient electric field and release heat, thus resulting in a temperature increase of 2-6℃ . Also a brief account of practices since 1990 is given; altogether 40 short-term and impending earthquake predictions have been made, with 9 precise ones whose three main factors of an earthquake are clearly depicted, and 12 fairly good ones. These predictions include 3 earthquakes of Ms≥7, 4 of M8≥6.0 and the rest are around MS5.0. Yet there are earthquakes left out of prediction. Finally the evolutionary processing characters of satellitic thermo-infrared brightness temperature and temperature increase before the Lijiang earthquake on Feb. 3, 1996 and Tangshan earthquake on April 14, 1998 are introduced in detail. The conclusion makes a study on the regularities of connection among time, space and stress when there appears the satellitic thermal-infrared brightness temperature and temperature increasing anomaly.展开更多
We deployed four geo-electric monitoring stations in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces from 2004, using the new generation of equipment (PS-100) and technologies to capture the HRT wave earthquake precursor. Before the Wen...We deployed four geo-electric monitoring stations in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces from 2004, using the new generation of equipment (PS-100) and technologies to capture the HRT wave earthquake precursor. Before the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, we recorded the HRT wave precursor at the only operating station in Hongge (HG, Δ=465 km) and found that significant impending signal had been recorded at the station in the early morning ( 0―5 am) of 12th of May, 2008. The precursor for this earthquake is consistent with precursors recorded for other strong earthquakes. The measured physical properties (geo-resistivity and telluric-current) show tidal wave period oscillations from several days to several months before the earthquakes and the amplitude of such HT oscillation increases significantly towards the occurrence of an earthquake. These HT and RT waves from the epicenter have a causal relationship with the earthquakes that happened several days later. The arrival time of two RT waves is proportional to the distance from the station to the epicenter. The estimated natural decay of the amplitude is correlated with the natural period (T0) of the earthquake fault, which is proportional to the fault length. From this relationship, we can predict the earthquake magnitude. For magnitude 6―9 earthquakes, the natural period is about 1―6 hours. Such oscillation comes from the epicenter area and they can propagate several thousand kilometers in the Earth's crust. Before a strong earthquake in the shallow crust, the conductive pore fluid will experience major changes before the fault rapture. Such fluid change will emit an oscillation in the pore fluid pressure. This is the mechanism for the HRT wave generation. Since the China Earthquake Administration funded the HRT wave short-term earth-quake prediction project in 2003, the first record of HRT precursor wave has been recorded from the 2004-12-26 Sumatra Mw9.0 earthquake with the largest epicentre distance Δ=2900 km. Thereafter, we have captured HRT waves from more than twenty strong earthquakes, which are well-matched and show repeatability, consistency and regularity. All our observation with the HRT waves demonstrate that HRT wave precursors to earthquakes indeed exist. Strong earthquakes can be predicted and short-term and impending earthquake prediction is achievable in the very near future. From all the observations, including the ones at HG station from Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, we conclude that using HRT wave to predict earthquakes is feasible.展开更多
The Changshu earthquake (M_s = 5.1) occurred at 17:57 (GMT, hereinafter) on Feb. 9, 1990, and it was sensible around Shanghai, Wuxi and some other places. The epicenter was at 31.6°N, 121°E. We predicted on ...The Changshu earthquake (M_s = 5.1) occurred at 17:57 (GMT, hereinafter) on Feb. 9, 1990, and it was sensible around Shanghai, Wuxi and some other places. The epicenter was at 31.6°N, 121°E. We predicted on Feb. 6, 1990 that there would be an earthquake with magnitude 5—6 in the south Huanghai Sea-north Jiangsu Province region, There were a展开更多
In the IAF Congress ’92 a multiple small satellite Earth observation system was put forward with sensors of visible and infrared spectrums. The system could shorten the revisiting period so that any place on the worl...In the IAF Congress ’92 a multiple small satellite Earth observation system was put forward with sensors of visible and infrared spectrums. The system could shorten the revisiting period so that any place on the world could be observed twice a day Now we extend the idea to the microwave remote sensing satellite system. The main purpose of the system is the impending forecast of earthquakes. According to the theory and long-time concrete practice of Qiang Zuji through the observation of temperature increase of the low layer of atmosphere and its moving trend caused by some sorts of radiation and gases released from Earth interior, an impending strong earthquake could be predicted in time. As the temperature increase is detected by thermo-infrared spectrum sensors on the meteorological satellites. the observation may be sometimes obstructed by cloud or rain. In the suggested system, mm-wave radiometers are used and those obstructions could be generally overcome. Besides, radiometers of some other microwave frequencies are also included so as to make the small satellite system useful for observation of atmosphere. soil and crops. The plattorm construction and the altitude control system of the satellites suitable to the sweeping radiometer antennas are stressfully implemented. The orbit of the satellites in the system is well designed so that any place in the world could be observed twice a day in accordance with the optical small satellite system.展开更多
This note mainly discusses the relation of the impending-earthquake satellite thermal infrared anomaly with the ground temperature-increase anomaly, namely, expounds the problem if the satellite thermal infrared anoma...This note mainly discusses the relation of the impending-earthquake satellite thermal infrared anomaly with the ground temperature-increase anomaly, namely, expounds the problem if the satellite thermal infrared anomaly is the reflection of the surficial temperatureincrease anomaly caused by seismic activities on the basis of previous works about the rela-展开更多
The effect of Cl^(–)and SO_(4)^(2–)on corrosion behavior of pure copper in simulated groundwater was investigated by electrochemical testing techniques,scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-r...The effect of Cl^(–)and SO_(4)^(2–)on corrosion behavior of pure copper in simulated groundwater was investigated by electrochemical testing techniques,scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction in 0.1 mol/L NaHCO_(3)solutions.The results indicate that increasing Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)reduces the corrosion resistance of Cu.Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)can promote anodic dissolution of Cu and deteriorate the passivation property.The breakdown potential(Eb)of Cu decreases with the increase in Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–).With the increase in immersion time,the polarization resistance in different solutions tends to be stable.After 55 days,polarization resistance(Rp)was almost equal in 0 and 0.01 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)solutions.In 0.05 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2−)solution,Rp was lower.HCO3–has a certain corrosion effect on Cu and the pits size increased with the increase in Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–).The corrosion products(Cu_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3))and CuO were detected in solutions without or at low Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)contents.The corrosion product after immersion in the solution containing 0.05 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)was Cu_(2)O.展开更多
People have already recognized the temperature-increase anomaly before earthquakes and studies have been made on this phenomenon. With the method of fixed-point network observation, only the timing temperature data li...People have already recognized the temperature-increase anomaly before earthquakes and studies have been made on this phenomenon. With the method of fixed-point network observation, only the timing temperature data limited to some sites can be obtained instead of dynamic evolution data of the temperature in a large area within the seismogenic range.展开更多
Thirty-seven years have passed since the first K-1 resuscitation maneuver implementation next to both basic and advanced CPR failure and Prof.Inchauspe has consistently continued such unique research recovering impend...Thirty-seven years have passed since the first K-1 resuscitation maneuver implementation next to both basic and advanced CPR failure and Prof.Inchauspe has consistently continued such unique research recovering impending death situation victims in the most varied scenarios.After a dozen publications on the issue-mostly in World Journal of Critical Care Medicine and Hainan University Medical Editorial in China,the number of rescues increased to more than 195 cases.Having been contacted by experts in Ayurvedic medicine from India,the authors made a comparative analysis between said K-1 Yongquan and the Talahridaya points,and realized that not only are they located at the very same place for stimulation,but they are also integrated in the Reconciliation Vessel,a new Marvelous meridian discovered by Prof.Inchauspe within the Ancient Chinese classics.The following paper will show a statistical analysis made by Prof.Inchauspe and Dr.Saidman about the possible future impact that would result from the inclusion of the aforementioned maneuver in life support protocols.展开更多
Electrochemical impendence spectroscopy （EIS） is applied to investigate the dissolution behavior of Al-Zn alloys in 3% NaCl solution at different polarization potentials. A new reaction model is proposed, and the ac...Electrochemical impendence spectroscopy （EIS） is applied to investigate the dissolution behavior of Al-Zn alloys in 3% NaCl solution at different polarization potentials. A new reaction model is proposed, and the activation mechanism of zinc in Al-Zn alloys is achieved. There are three intermediates in the dissolution process： Znad^＋, Znad^2＋ and Alad^＋, ,of which only Zni can activate Al-Zn alloys. Most Znnd^＋ is produced by β-phase,and the alloys with 2. 3% - 3. 8% （wt） Zn dissolve rapidly. The Al-Zn alloys of heart-shaped EIS are active in 3% NaCl solution, thus EIS characteristic can be used to distinguish the activa-tion of Al-Zn alloys.展开更多
Based on an interpretation and study of the satellite remote-sensing images of FY-2C thermal infrared 1st wave band （10.3-11.3 μm） designed in China, the authors found that there existed obvious and isolated satell...Based on an interpretation and study of the satellite remote-sensing images of FY-2C thermal infrared 1st wave band （10.3-11.3 μm） designed in China, the authors found that there existed obvious and isolated satellite thermal infrared anomalies before the 5.12 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake. These anomalies had the following characteristics： （1） The precursor appeared rather early： on March 18, 2008, i.e., 55 days before the earthquake, thermal infrared anomalies began to occur; （2） The anomalies experienced quite many and complex evolutionary stages： the satellite thermal infrared anomalies might be divided into five stages, whose manifestations were somewhat different from each other. The existence of so many anomaly stages was probably observed for the first time in numerous cases of satellite thermal infrared research on earthquakes; （3） Each stage lasted quite a long time, with the longest one spanning 13 days; （4） An evident geothermal anomaly gradient was distributed along the Longmen seismic fracture zone, and such a phenomenon might also be discovered for the first time in satellite thermal infrared earthquake research. This discovery is therefore of great guiding and instructive significance in the study of the earthquake occurrence itself and the trend of the postearthquake phenomena.展开更多
A multi functional high frequency seismometer, a new instrumental system, is used for recording multi point strain variations of rock samples in the process of fracture development. The results indicate that strain...A multi functional high frequency seismometer, a new instrumental system, is used for recording multi point strain variations of rock samples in the process of fracture development. The results indicate that strain in each point appears burst disturbance synchronously besides a tendency variation before main fracture. The burst disturbance could probably be one of the short impending precursors before great earthquake.展开更多
Three methods of extracting the information of anomalies of a precursory group are put forward, i.e., the mathematical analyses of the synthetic information of earthquake precursors (S), the inhomogeneous degree of pr...Three methods of extracting the information of anomalies of a precursory group are put forward, i.e., the mathematical analyses of the synthetic information of earthquake precursors (S), the inhomogeneous degree of precursory groups (ID) and the values of short-term and impending anomaly in near-source area (NS). Using these methods, we calculate the observational data of deformation, underground fluid and hydrochemical constituents obtained from different seismic stations in the Sichuan-Yunnan region and conclude that the synthetic precursory anomalies of a single strong earthquake with M S6.0 differ greatly from those of the grouped strong earthquakes, for the anomalous information of precursory groups are more abundant. The three methods of extracting the synthetic precursory anomaly and the related numerical results can be applied into the practice of prediction to the grouped strong earthquakes in the Sichuan-Yunnan region. Inhomogeneous degree (ID) of synthetic precursory anomaly can be identified automatically because it takes the threshold of distributive characteristics of the anomalies of precursory group as its criterion for anomaly.展开更多
This paper gives a report on borehole bulk-strain data recorded at the seismostation Nanton$ in Jiangsu Province from January 1 , 2003 to December 31 , 2008. While the data at Nantong showed much noise possibly due to...This paper gives a report on borehole bulk-strain data recorded at the seismostation Nanton$ in Jiangsu Province from January 1 , 2003 to December 31 , 2008. While the data at Nantong showed much noise possibly due to site instability and no earthquake-related changes, the data at Liuhe showed anomalous changes that began one to several weeks before three earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 to 6.0 at eplcentral distances up to 400 kin.展开更多
It is attracting more and more attention of seismologists in the world that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) was observed before some strong earthquake occurrence (Takahashi, 1988; Warwick, 1982; Yoshino, 1986 ; Oike,1...It is attracting more and more attention of seismologists in the world that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) was observed before some strong earthquake occurrence (Takahashi, 1988; Warwick, 1982; Yoshino, 1986 ; Oike,1985 ; Fujinawa, 1990 ; Qian. 1992, Zhang, 1992). The international co-operation have promoted the development of this kind of science for getting more data to study SEMR physical mechanism. The observation equipments were provided by Japan, the observation installations were provided by the Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province. Two observatories were built by Prof. Kozo Takahashi and Yukio Fujinawa, and some Chinese seismologists at Xiao Shao. Kunming, and Yuexi, Dan in Nov. 3～7, 1992. Here, some characters of SEMR in Yunnan Province and prediction efficience of the methods of impending earthquake prediction are obtained. And it was found that before the Pu'er M6. 3 earthquake of 1993, that the occurrence time of EMR signals before strong earthquakes approximately synchronizes some other precursors, for example, of water level, water radon and F-ion. That means the SEMR signals are generated by the activation of the tectonic belt in the seismogenic zone.展开更多
According to studies of more than 20 earthquakes with MS≥5.0 in North China, seven features of the short-term and imminent earthquake precursors have been summarized in this paper. At the same time, taking the short-...According to studies of more than 20 earthquakes with MS≥5.0 in North China, seven features of the short-term and imminent earthquake precursors have been summarized in this paper. At the same time, taking the short-term and imminent earthquake stage as the physical process of a source’s medium softening and fault creep, we calculated temporal variation of mean stress, maximum shear stress, body strain, and pore pressure in some certain points (supposed stations) in the source area and its adjacent area by using an anisotropic and nonlinear source model and a finite element method. According to an analysis of these theoretical curves, we conclude that the short-term and imminent earthquake precursors have such characteristics as complex shapes, exponential growth of the precursor number with tune, and precursors’ migration from the outside area to the source area, which to a certain extent reveal the cause of the characteristics of the short-term and imminent earthquake precursor field.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the causes of the occurrence of the temperature increase by an impending earthquake of low altitude atmosphere and on the ground surface have been preliminarily expounded through several simulative controlexperiments. Air polarized by the anomalous atmospheric static electric field is regarded as the primary factor tocreate air temperature increase to a large degree and over a large area in the sunlight. In addition, another causeis considered as the temperature increase effect of “polluted” air.
基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy Sciences (KZX3-SW-352)Frontier Program of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS (C3200307)
文摘Debris flow prediction is one of the important means to reduce the loss caused by debris flow. This paper built a regional prediction model of impending debris flow based on regional environmental background （including topography, geology, land use, and etc.）, rainfall and debris flow data. A system of regional prediction of impending debris flow was set up on ArcGIS 9.0 platform according to the model. The system used forecast precipitation data of Doppler weather radar and observational precipitation data as its input data. It could provide a prediction about the possibility of debris flow one to three hours before it happened, and was put into use in Liangshan Meteorological Observatory in Sichuan province in the monsoon of 2006.
基金sponsored by Application of Digital Seismic Technology in Short-and Medium-term Prediction of Strong Earthquakes:a Special Topic of the Twelfth “Five-year Plan” Chinese Science and Technology Support Plan(2012BAK19B02-01)
文摘Based on repeated comparison studies of broadband digital seismic records before the Wenchuan MS8. 0,Yushu MS7. 1 and Qingchuan MS5. 4 earthquakes,the possible microseismic fluctuations before impending earthquakes were preliminarily identified. In order to verify and test this phenomenon,a real-time tracking technical system was established by using continuous waveform records of more than 200 wide-band digital seismic stations in regional networks such as Gansu,Qinghai,Sichuan,Yunnan and Tibet.Through real-time tracking and dynamic monitoring of 24 earthquakes with M≥5. 0 occurring in the Qinghai-Tibetan block during the period of 2012-2014 and the observations of stations in some non-seismic areas,the reproducibility and objectivity of the impending earthquake phenomenon were verified. The main characteristics of the microseismic fluctuation phenomena immediately preceding the strong earthquakes are as follows:(1)the spectrum range is wider,the dominant frequency is 11-16 Hz,and the spectrum shape is more regular;(2)it appears 6-24 days before the earthquake,averaging about 15 days;(3)it is possible to be recorded by the stations within the epicenter distance of 50 km,and the stations with the epicenter distance of more than 50 km generally cannot record it;(4)this phenomenon is directional,i. e. the direction in which the activity degree,N-value,varies significantly may be related to the location of the seismic source,the seismogenic fault and the distribution of aftershocks of the strong earthquake. The preliminary study shows that the impending-earthquakes microseismic phenomena may be related to the pre-activity,micro-vibration and micro-rupture in the source region in the imminent stage,or the microactivity and micro-rupture associated with the active tectonics.
基金the National Natural Science Fund of China (40172101)
文摘Taking the three earthquakes which occurred in Tibet, China during the period of July 12 to August 25, 2004 as an example,the paper analyses the M_S≥6.0 earthquakes that occurred in China and M_S≥7.0 earthquakes that occurred overseas since May of 2003 by combining the image data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction of America(NCEP)with the additive tectonic stress from astro-tidal-triggering (ATSA) and makes the following conclusions: The abnormal temperature image data of NCEP can better reflect the spatial-temporal evolution process of tectonic earthquake activity; The ATSA has an evident triggering effect on the activity of a fault when the terra stress is in critical status; using the NCEP images and the ATSA to forecast short-impending earthquake is a new concept; The three earthquakes occurred during the same phase of the respective ATSA cycle, i.e. that occurred at the time when the ATSA reached the relatively steady end of a peak, rather than at the time when the variation rate was maximal. In addition, the author discovered that the occurrence time of other earthquake cases during 2003～2004 in Tibet was also in the same phase of the above-mentioned cycles, and therefore, further study of this feature is needed with more earthquake cases in other areas over longer periods of time.
基金Project supported by the State 863 High-Tech Project (Grant No. 863-2-7-4-18).
文摘Mechanism of satellitic thermo-infrared brightness temperature and temperature increasing is studied. Experiments are made with a gas sample taken around the epicenter area. The gas sample is proved to contain green house gases such as CH4 and CO2 which have increased by tens of thousands of times. In addition, lab research also proves that CH4 and CO2 can obtain energy under the action of transient electric field and release heat, thus resulting in a temperature increase of 2-6℃ . Also a brief account of practices since 1990 is given; altogether 40 short-term and impending earthquake predictions have been made, with 9 precise ones whose three main factors of an earthquake are clearly depicted, and 12 fairly good ones. These predictions include 3 earthquakes of Ms≥7, 4 of M8≥6.0 and the rest are around MS5.0. Yet there are earthquakes left out of prediction. Finally the evolutionary processing characters of satellitic thermo-infrared brightness temperature and temperature increase before the Lijiang earthquake on Feb. 3, 1996 and Tangshan earthquake on April 14, 1998 are introduced in detail. The conclusion makes a study on the regularities of connection among time, space and stress when there appears the satellitic thermal-infrared brightness temperature and temperature increasing anomaly.
文摘We deployed four geo-electric monitoring stations in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces from 2004, using the new generation of equipment (PS-100) and technologies to capture the HRT wave earthquake precursor. Before the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, we recorded the HRT wave precursor at the only operating station in Hongge (HG, Δ=465 km) and found that significant impending signal had been recorded at the station in the early morning ( 0―5 am) of 12th of May, 2008. The precursor for this earthquake is consistent with precursors recorded for other strong earthquakes. The measured physical properties (geo-resistivity and telluric-current) show tidal wave period oscillations from several days to several months before the earthquakes and the amplitude of such HT oscillation increases significantly towards the occurrence of an earthquake. These HT and RT waves from the epicenter have a causal relationship with the earthquakes that happened several days later. The arrival time of two RT waves is proportional to the distance from the station to the epicenter. The estimated natural decay of the amplitude is correlated with the natural period (T0) of the earthquake fault, which is proportional to the fault length. From this relationship, we can predict the earthquake magnitude. For magnitude 6―9 earthquakes, the natural period is about 1―6 hours. Such oscillation comes from the epicenter area and they can propagate several thousand kilometers in the Earth's crust. Before a strong earthquake in the shallow crust, the conductive pore fluid will experience major changes before the fault rapture. Such fluid change will emit an oscillation in the pore fluid pressure. This is the mechanism for the HRT wave generation. Since the China Earthquake Administration funded the HRT wave short-term earth-quake prediction project in 2003, the first record of HRT precursor wave has been recorded from the 2004-12-26 Sumatra Mw9.0 earthquake with the largest epicentre distance Δ=2900 km. Thereafter, we have captured HRT waves from more than twenty strong earthquakes, which are well-matched and show repeatability, consistency and regularity. All our observation with the HRT waves demonstrate that HRT wave precursors to earthquakes indeed exist. Strong earthquakes can be predicted and short-term and impending earthquake prediction is achievable in the very near future. From all the observations, including the ones at HG station from Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, we conclude that using HRT wave to predict earthquakes is feasible.
文摘The Changshu earthquake (M_s = 5.1) occurred at 17:57 (GMT, hereinafter) on Feb. 9, 1990, and it was sensible around Shanghai, Wuxi and some other places. The epicenter was at 31.6°N, 121°E. We predicted on Feb. 6, 1990 that there would be an earthquake with magnitude 5—6 in the south Huanghai Sea-north Jiangsu Province region, There were a
文摘In the IAF Congress ’92 a multiple small satellite Earth observation system was put forward with sensors of visible and infrared spectrums. The system could shorten the revisiting period so that any place on the world could be observed twice a day Now we extend the idea to the microwave remote sensing satellite system. The main purpose of the system is the impending forecast of earthquakes. According to the theory and long-time concrete practice of Qiang Zuji through the observation of temperature increase of the low layer of atmosphere and its moving trend caused by some sorts of radiation and gases released from Earth interior, an impending strong earthquake could be predicted in time. As the temperature increase is detected by thermo-infrared spectrum sensors on the meteorological satellites. the observation may be sometimes obstructed by cloud or rain. In the suggested system, mm-wave radiometers are used and those obstructions could be generally overcome. Besides, radiometers of some other microwave frequencies are also included so as to make the small satellite system useful for observation of atmosphere. soil and crops. The plattorm construction and the altitude control system of the satellites suitable to the sweeping radiometer antennas are stressfully implemented. The orbit of the satellites in the system is well designed so that any place in the world could be observed twice a day in accordance with the optical small satellite system.
基金Project supported by the Seismoscience Joint Foundation
文摘This note mainly discusses the relation of the impending-earthquake satellite thermal infrared anomaly with the ground temperature-increase anomaly, namely, expounds the problem if the satellite thermal infrared anomaly is the reflection of the surficial temperatureincrease anomaly caused by seismic activities on the basis of previous works about the rela-
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22B2065).
文摘The effect of Cl^(–)and SO_(4)^(2–)on corrosion behavior of pure copper in simulated groundwater was investigated by electrochemical testing techniques,scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction in 0.1 mol/L NaHCO_(3)solutions.The results indicate that increasing Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)reduces the corrosion resistance of Cu.Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)can promote anodic dissolution of Cu and deteriorate the passivation property.The breakdown potential(Eb)of Cu decreases with the increase in Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–).With the increase in immersion time,the polarization resistance in different solutions tends to be stable.After 55 days,polarization resistance(Rp)was almost equal in 0 and 0.01 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)solutions.In 0.05 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2−)solution,Rp was lower.HCO3–has a certain corrosion effect on Cu and the pits size increased with the increase in Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–).The corrosion products(Cu_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3))and CuO were detected in solutions without or at low Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)contents.The corrosion product after immersion in the solution containing 0.05 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)was Cu_(2)O.
文摘People have already recognized the temperature-increase anomaly before earthquakes and studies have been made on this phenomenon. With the method of fixed-point network observation, only the timing temperature data limited to some sites can be obtained instead of dynamic evolution data of the temperature in a large area within the seismogenic range.
文摘Thirty-seven years have passed since the first K-1 resuscitation maneuver implementation next to both basic and advanced CPR failure and Prof.Inchauspe has consistently continued such unique research recovering impending death situation victims in the most varied scenarios.After a dozen publications on the issue-mostly in World Journal of Critical Care Medicine and Hainan University Medical Editorial in China,the number of rescues increased to more than 195 cases.Having been contacted by experts in Ayurvedic medicine from India,the authors made a comparative analysis between said K-1 Yongquan and the Talahridaya points,and realized that not only are they located at the very same place for stimulation,but they are also integrated in the Reconciliation Vessel,a new Marvelous meridian discovered by Prof.Inchauspe within the Ancient Chinese classics.The following paper will show a statistical analysis made by Prof.Inchauspe and Dr.Saidman about the possible future impact that would result from the inclusion of the aforementioned maneuver in life support protocols.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51204147,51274175,51574206,51574207)Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of China(No.2014DFA50320)+1 种基金Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of Shanxi Province(No.201381017)Technological Projects of Shanxi Province(No.20150313002-3)
文摘Electrochemical impendence spectroscopy （EIS） is applied to investigate the dissolution behavior of Al-Zn alloys in 3% NaCl solution at different polarization potentials. A new reaction model is proposed, and the activation mechanism of zinc in Al-Zn alloys is achieved. There are three intermediates in the dissolution process： Znad^＋, Znad^2＋ and Alad^＋, ,of which only Zni can activate Al-Zn alloys. Most Znnd^＋ is produced by β-phase,and the alloys with 2. 3% - 3. 8% （wt） Zn dissolve rapidly. The Al-Zn alloys of heart-shaped EIS are active in 3% NaCl solution, thus EIS characteristic can be used to distinguish the activa-tion of Al-Zn alloys.
基金support from the Key Project of Hainan Province Scientific and Technical Plan(grant No.06701)
文摘Based on an interpretation and study of the satellite remote-sensing images of FY-2C thermal infrared 1st wave band （10.3-11.3 μm） designed in China, the authors found that there existed obvious and isolated satellite thermal infrared anomalies before the 5.12 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake. These anomalies had the following characteristics： （1） The precursor appeared rather early： on March 18, 2008, i.e., 55 days before the earthquake, thermal infrared anomalies began to occur; （2） The anomalies experienced quite many and complex evolutionary stages： the satellite thermal infrared anomalies might be divided into five stages, whose manifestations were somewhat different from each other. The existence of so many anomaly stages was probably observed for the first time in numerous cases of satellite thermal infrared research on earthquakes; （3） Each stage lasted quite a long time, with the longest one spanning 13 days; （4） An evident geothermal anomaly gradient was distributed along the Longmen seismic fracture zone, and such a phenomenon might also be discovered for the first time in satellite thermal infrared earthquake research. This discovery is therefore of great guiding and instructive significance in the study of the earthquake occurrence itself and the trend of the postearthquake phenomena.
文摘A multi functional high frequency seismometer, a new instrumental system, is used for recording multi point strain variations of rock samples in the process of fracture development. The results indicate that strain in each point appears burst disturbance synchronously besides a tendency variation before main fracture. The burst disturbance could probably be one of the short impending precursors before great earthquake.
文摘Three methods of extracting the information of anomalies of a precursory group are put forward, i.e., the mathematical analyses of the synthetic information of earthquake precursors (S), the inhomogeneous degree of precursory groups (ID) and the values of short-term and impending anomaly in near-source area (NS). Using these methods, we calculate the observational data of deformation, underground fluid and hydrochemical constituents obtained from different seismic stations in the Sichuan-Yunnan region and conclude that the synthetic precursory anomalies of a single strong earthquake with M S6.0 differ greatly from those of the grouped strong earthquakes, for the anomalous information of precursory groups are more abundant. The three methods of extracting the synthetic precursory anomaly and the related numerical results can be applied into the practice of prediction to the grouped strong earthquakes in the Sichuan-Yunnan region. Inhomogeneous degree (ID) of synthetic precursory anomaly can be identified automatically because it takes the threshold of distributive characteristics of the anomalies of precursory group as its criterion for anomaly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China( 40901272)Social Development Projects of Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province(BS2006085)
文摘This paper gives a report on borehole bulk-strain data recorded at the seismostation Nanton$ in Jiangsu Province from January 1 , 2003 to December 31 , 2008. While the data at Nantong showed much noise possibly due to site instability and no earthquake-related changes, the data at Liuhe showed anomalous changes that began one to several weeks before three earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 to 6.0 at eplcentral distances up to 400 kin.
文摘It is attracting more and more attention of seismologists in the world that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) was observed before some strong earthquake occurrence (Takahashi, 1988; Warwick, 1982; Yoshino, 1986 ; Oike,1985 ; Fujinawa, 1990 ; Qian. 1992, Zhang, 1992). The international co-operation have promoted the development of this kind of science for getting more data to study SEMR physical mechanism. The observation equipments were provided by Japan, the observation installations were provided by the Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province. Two observatories were built by Prof. Kozo Takahashi and Yukio Fujinawa, and some Chinese seismologists at Xiao Shao. Kunming, and Yuexi, Dan in Nov. 3～7, 1992. Here, some characters of SEMR in Yunnan Province and prediction efficience of the methods of impending earthquake prediction are obtained. And it was found that before the Pu'er M6. 3 earthquake of 1993, that the occurrence time of EMR signals before strong earthquakes approximately synchronizes some other precursors, for example, of water level, water radon and F-ion. That means the SEMR signals are generated by the activation of the tectonic belt in the seismogenic zone.
文摘According to studies of more than 20 earthquakes with MS≥5.0 in North China, seven features of the short-term and imminent earthquake precursors have been summarized in this paper. At the same time, taking the short-term and imminent earthquake stage as the physical process of a source’s medium softening and fault creep, we calculated temporal variation of mean stress, maximum shear stress, body strain, and pore pressure in some certain points (supposed stations) in the source area and its adjacent area by using an anisotropic and nonlinear source model and a finite element method. According to an analysis of these theoretical curves, we conclude that the short-term and imminent earthquake precursors have such characteristics as complex shapes, exponential growth of the precursor number with tune, and precursors’ migration from the outside area to the source area, which to a certain extent reveal the cause of the characteristics of the short-term and imminent earthquake precursor field.
