Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides(MEIC) using various in vilro antioxidant assay systems.Methods:Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of ME...Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides(MEIC) using various in vilro antioxidant assay systems.Methods:Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of MEIC was assayed by using different in vitro models like ABTS, DPPH,nitric oxide,superoxide,hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical.Reductive ability of the extract was tested by the complex formation with potassium ferricyanide.Further total phenol and flavonoid contents of the crude extract were also determined.Rutin and ascorbic acid were used as standards.Results:MEIC exhibited potent and concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity in all the tested models.Reductive ability was also found to increase with increase in MEIC concentration.Total phenol and flavonoid content determination showed that the extract is rich in phenols and flavonoids.Conclusions:All the results of the in vitro antioxidant assays reveal potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the leaves of Indigofera cassioides,equivalent to that of standard ascorbic acid and rutin.This potent antioxidant activity may be attributed to its high phenolic and flavonoid contents.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antitumor,cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides(MEIC) against transplantable tumors and human cancer cell lines.Methods:MEIC was investigate...Objective:To evaluate the antitumor,cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides(MEIC) against transplantable tumors and human cancer cell lines.Methods:MEIC was investigated for its short term cytotoxicity on EAC and DLA cells by trypan blue dye exclusion method and in vitro cytotoxicity on HeLa,HEp-2,HEpG-2,MCF-7, HT-29,Vero and NIH 3T3 cells by MTT assay.In vivo antitumor activity was studied on EAC and DLA tumor bearing mice.Activity was assessed by monitoring the mean survival time,effect on hematological parameters,antioxidant enzyme levels and solid tumor volume.Results:MEIC exhibit potent in vitro cytotoxicity against all the tested cancer cell lines,but it was found to be safe on normal cells.The extract significantly(P【0.001) increase the mean survival time and also have a protective effect on the hemopoietic system at the tested dose levels(200 and 400 mg/kg). The extract prevented lipid peroxidation and restored the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase in the liver of tumor control animals.It also significandy(P【0.01) reduce the solid tumor volume.Conclusions:The results strongly support that MEIC shows potent antitumor and cytotoxic effects against EAC,DLA and human cancer cell lines.The extract prevents lipid peroxidation and promotes the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in tumor bearing animals which might be due to activities like scavenging of free radicals by the phytochemicals in MEIC.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the free radical scavenging potential and high performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC） fingerprinting of Indigofem tinctoria （I. tinctoria）, Phytochemical analysis...The objective of this study was to evaluate the free radical scavenging potential and high performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC） fingerprinting of Indigofem tinctoria （I. tinctoria）, Phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods, and free radical scavenging activity of the plant was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazy （DPPH）, nitric oxide （NO） and superoxide anion （O2-） radical scavenging capacities. HPTLC plate was kept in CAMAG TLC Scanner 3 and the Rf values at fin- gerprint data were recorded by WlNCATS software, Aqueous extract of I. tinctoria reliably showed the total phenolics （267.2 ± 2.42 mg/g）, flavonoids （75.43 ± 3.36 mg/g） and antioxidants （349.11 ±8.04 mg/g）. The extract was found to have DPPH （52.08%）, NO （23.12%） and 02 （26.79%） scavenging activities at the concentration of 250 pg/mL and the results were statistically significant compared with ascorbic acid standard （p 〈 0.05）. HPTLC results confirmed that the extract contained several potential active com- ponents such as phenols, flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids as the slides revealed multi-colored bands of varying intensities. This study confirmed that the plant had multipotential antioxidant and free ra- dicals scavenging activities.展开更多
Indigofera heterantha commonly called indigo bush is a member of leguminoseae family found in the Himalayan region of Kashmir. A lectin has been isolated from the seeds of Indigofera heterantha by the purification pro...Indigofera heterantha commonly called indigo bush is a member of leguminoseae family found in the Himalayan region of Kashmir. A lectin has been isolated from the seeds of Indigofera heterantha by the purification procedure involving anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose followed by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G 100. Molecular characterization of the lectin was done by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. Activity of the lectin was checked by hemagglutination assay and the sugar specificity by sugar inhibition tests. The antimicrobial activity of the purified lectin was carried out by Agar disc diffusion using appropriate standards. On the ion exchange column, the bound protein when eluted with 0-0.5 M NaCl gradient emerged as three peaks—peak I, peak II and peak III out of which only peak II showed the hemagglutinating activity. The lectin further resolved into two peaks G1 and G2 on gel filtration, with the lectin activity residing in G1, corresponding to a molecular weight of 70 KDa. The purified lectin named as Indigofera heterantha Lectin (IHL) produced a single band on SDS PAGE (18 KDa), revealing the tetrameric nature of the lectin. It agglutinated human erythrocytes (A, B, AB, and O). Hemagglutination was inhibited by D-galactose, Dmannose and D-arabinose. The lectin is reasonably thermostable showing full activity within a temperature range of 30°C to 90°C. pH stability of the lectin falls in the range of 2-9. IHL demonstrated a remarkable antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. IHL also inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum.展开更多
OBJECTIVE：To compare and elucidate the antioxidant effi cacy of ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of Indigofera tinctoria Linn.（Fabaceae family）.METHODS：Various in-vitro antioxidant assays and free radical-sca...OBJECTIVE：To compare and elucidate the antioxidant effi cacy of ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of Indigofera tinctoria Linn.（Fabaceae family）.METHODS：Various in-vitro antioxidant assays and free radical-scavenging assays were done.Quantitative measurements of various phytoconstituents,reductive abilities and chelating potential were carried out along with standard compounds.Half inhibitory concentration（IC50）values for ethanol and hydroethanol extracts were analyzed and compared with respective standards.RESULTS：Hydroethanolic extracts showed considerably more potent antioxidant activity in comparison to ethanol extracts.Hydroethanolic extracts had lower IC50values than ethanol extracts in the case of DPPH,metal chelation and hydroxyl radical-scavenging capacity（829,659 and 26.7μg/m L）but had slightly higher values than ethanol in case of SO2-and NO2-scavenging activity（P〈0.001 vs standard）.Quantitative measurements also showed that the abundance of phenolic and fl avonoid bioactive phytoconstituents were signifi cantly（P〈0.001）greater in hydroethanol extracts（212.920 and 149.770 mg GAE and rutin/g of plant extract respectively）than in ethanol extracts（211.691 and 132.603 mg GAE and rutin/g of plant extract respectively）.K arl Pearson’s co rrelation analysis（r2）between various antioxidant parameters and bioactive components also associated the antioxidant potential of I.tinctoria with various phytoconstituents,especially phenolics,fl avonoids,saponins and tannins.CONCLUSION：This study may be helpful to draw the attention of researchers towards the hydroethanol extracts of I.tinctoria,which has a high yield,and great prospects in herbal industries to produce inexpensive and powerful herbal products.展开更多
Lead （Pb） is one of the most common environmental toxicants, exposure to which can cause significant neurotoxicity and an associated decline in brain function. This study investigated the possible neuroprotective ro...Lead （Pb） is one of the most common environmental toxicants, exposure to which can cause significant neurotoxicity and an associated decline in brain function. This study investigated the possible neuroprotective role oflndigofera oblongifolia leaf methanolic extract （IOLME） against lead-induced neurotoxicity. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with lead acetate, with or without IOLME （intragastric administration for 5 days）, and the neuroprotective effect of IOLME was assessed by measuring the lead concentration, redox status （lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and glutathione）, enzymatic antioxidant activities （superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase）, PCR assays of apoptosis markers （Bax and Bcl-2） and histopathology of the brain. The increases in the lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and apoptosis, the decreases in the glutathione level and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the altered histology of the brain induced by lead acetate were mitigated in the brain of rats pre-treated with IOLME. These findings indicate that IOLME has beneficial effects and it mitigates lead acetate-induced neurotoxicity via its antiox-idant and anti-apoptotic activities.展开更多
Seeds of 18 species of Indigofera L. were examined with the scanning electron microscope and the light microscope. Macro- and micromorphological characters, including seed shape, colour, size, surface, epidermal cell ...Seeds of 18 species of Indigofera L. were examined with the scanning electron microscope and the light microscope. Macro- and micromorphological characters, including seed shape, colour, size, surface, epidermal cell shape, anticlinal boundaries, outer periclinal cell wall and relief of outer cell walls, are presented. Two types of basic anticlinal cell wall boundaries and two types of relief outer cell walls are recognized and two different shapes of the outer periclinal cell wall are described. A key for the identification of the investigated taxa based on seed characters is provided.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study is to screen chemical composition and to evaluate the acute general toxicity of leaves aqueous extracts from <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC. (...<strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study is to screen chemical composition and to evaluate the acute general toxicity of leaves aqueous extracts from <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC. (Fabaceae), used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso to treat malaria, helminthiasis, and aqueous extracts of the leaves from Indigofera berhautiana Gillet (Fabaceae) used to treat hepatitis and typhoid fever. <strong>Methods:</strong> Aqueous decoction of leaves from <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC. or <em>Indigofera berhautiana</em> Gillett which are the form of use recommended by traditional health practitioners, were used for tests. Aqueous extracts used to evaluate the acute toxicity, were studied on mice of strain NMRI. For the toxicity study, the doses of the aqueous extracts were respectively 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Phytochemical screening was done to identify the phytochemicals contained in extracts. <strong>Results:</strong> Aqueous extracts of two species: <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC., <em>Indigofera berhautiana</em> Gillet were not toxic at the maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Phytochemical screening, showed coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols compounds, steroids and/or triterpenes and saponosides in the aqueous extracts of the two species. Alkaloids were identified in <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> aqueous extract.展开更多
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides(MEIC) using various in vilro antioxidant assay systems.Methods:Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of MEIC was assayed by using different in vitro models like ABTS, DPPH,nitric oxide,superoxide,hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical.Reductive ability of the extract was tested by the complex formation with potassium ferricyanide.Further total phenol and flavonoid contents of the crude extract were also determined.Rutin and ascorbic acid were used as standards.Results:MEIC exhibited potent and concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity in all the tested models.Reductive ability was also found to increase with increase in MEIC concentration.Total phenol and flavonoid content determination showed that the extract is rich in phenols and flavonoids.Conclusions:All the results of the in vitro antioxidant assays reveal potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the leaves of Indigofera cassioides,equivalent to that of standard ascorbic acid and rutin.This potent antioxidant activity may be attributed to its high phenolic and flavonoid contents.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antitumor,cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides(MEIC) against transplantable tumors and human cancer cell lines.Methods:MEIC was investigated for its short term cytotoxicity on EAC and DLA cells by trypan blue dye exclusion method and in vitro cytotoxicity on HeLa,HEp-2,HEpG-2,MCF-7, HT-29,Vero and NIH 3T3 cells by MTT assay.In vivo antitumor activity was studied on EAC and DLA tumor bearing mice.Activity was assessed by monitoring the mean survival time,effect on hematological parameters,antioxidant enzyme levels and solid tumor volume.Results:MEIC exhibit potent in vitro cytotoxicity against all the tested cancer cell lines,but it was found to be safe on normal cells.The extract significantly(P【0.001) increase the mean survival time and also have a protective effect on the hemopoietic system at the tested dose levels(200 and 400 mg/kg). The extract prevented lipid peroxidation and restored the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase in the liver of tumor control animals.It also significandy(P【0.01) reduce the solid tumor volume.Conclusions:The results strongly support that MEIC shows potent antitumor and cytotoxic effects against EAC,DLA and human cancer cell lines.The extract prevents lipid peroxidation and promotes the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in tumor bearing animals which might be due to activities like scavenging of free radicals by the phytochemicals in MEIC.
基金supported by the UGC-UPE-Phase II(No: 2013/PFEP/C3/280) from University of Madras, India
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the free radical scavenging potential and high performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC） fingerprinting of Indigofem tinctoria （I. tinctoria）, Phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods, and free radical scavenging activity of the plant was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazy （DPPH）, nitric oxide （NO） and superoxide anion （O2-） radical scavenging capacities. HPTLC plate was kept in CAMAG TLC Scanner 3 and the Rf values at fin- gerprint data were recorded by WlNCATS software, Aqueous extract of I. tinctoria reliably showed the total phenolics （267.2 ± 2.42 mg/g）, flavonoids （75.43 ± 3.36 mg/g） and antioxidants （349.11 ±8.04 mg/g）. The extract was found to have DPPH （52.08%）, NO （23.12%） and 02 （26.79%） scavenging activities at the concentration of 250 pg/mL and the results were statistically significant compared with ascorbic acid standard （p 〈 0.05）. HPTLC results confirmed that the extract contained several potential active com- ponents such as phenols, flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids as the slides revealed multi-colored bands of varying intensities. This study confirmed that the plant had multipotential antioxidant and free ra- dicals scavenging activities.
文摘Indigofera heterantha commonly called indigo bush is a member of leguminoseae family found in the Himalayan region of Kashmir. A lectin has been isolated from the seeds of Indigofera heterantha by the purification procedure involving anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose followed by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G 100. Molecular characterization of the lectin was done by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. Activity of the lectin was checked by hemagglutination assay and the sugar specificity by sugar inhibition tests. The antimicrobial activity of the purified lectin was carried out by Agar disc diffusion using appropriate standards. On the ion exchange column, the bound protein when eluted with 0-0.5 M NaCl gradient emerged as three peaks—peak I, peak II and peak III out of which only peak II showed the hemagglutinating activity. The lectin further resolved into two peaks G1 and G2 on gel filtration, with the lectin activity residing in G1, corresponding to a molecular weight of 70 KDa. The purified lectin named as Indigofera heterantha Lectin (IHL) produced a single band on SDS PAGE (18 KDa), revealing the tetrameric nature of the lectin. It agglutinated human erythrocytes (A, B, AB, and O). Hemagglutination was inhibited by D-galactose, Dmannose and D-arabinose. The lectin is reasonably thermostable showing full activity within a temperature range of 30°C to 90°C. pH stability of the lectin falls in the range of 2-9. IHL demonstrated a remarkable antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. IHL also inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum.
基金technical and laboratory staff of Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology to give support to complete the study
文摘OBJECTIVE：To compare and elucidate the antioxidant effi cacy of ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of Indigofera tinctoria Linn.（Fabaceae family）.METHODS：Various in-vitro antioxidant assays and free radical-scavenging assays were done.Quantitative measurements of various phytoconstituents,reductive abilities and chelating potential were carried out along with standard compounds.Half inhibitory concentration（IC50）values for ethanol and hydroethanol extracts were analyzed and compared with respective standards.RESULTS：Hydroethanolic extracts showed considerably more potent antioxidant activity in comparison to ethanol extracts.Hydroethanolic extracts had lower IC50values than ethanol extracts in the case of DPPH,metal chelation and hydroxyl radical-scavenging capacity（829,659 and 26.7μg/m L）but had slightly higher values than ethanol in case of SO2-and NO2-scavenging activity（P〈0.001 vs standard）.Quantitative measurements also showed that the abundance of phenolic and fl avonoid bioactive phytoconstituents were signifi cantly（P〈0.001）greater in hydroethanol extracts（212.920 and 149.770 mg GAE and rutin/g of plant extract respectively）than in ethanol extracts（211.691 and 132.603 mg GAE and rutin/g of plant extract respectively）.K arl Pearson’s co rrelation analysis（r2）between various antioxidant parameters and bioactive components also associated the antioxidant potential of I.tinctoria with various phytoconstituents,especially phenolics,fl avonoids,saponins and tannins.CONCLUSION：This study may be helpful to draw the attention of researchers towards the hydroethanol extracts of I.tinctoria,which has a high yield,and great prospects in herbal industries to produce inexpensive and powerful herbal products.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding the work through the research group project,No.PRG-1436-02
文摘Lead （Pb） is one of the most common environmental toxicants, exposure to which can cause significant neurotoxicity and an associated decline in brain function. This study investigated the possible neuroprotective role oflndigofera oblongifolia leaf methanolic extract （IOLME） against lead-induced neurotoxicity. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with lead acetate, with or without IOLME （intragastric administration for 5 days）, and the neuroprotective effect of IOLME was assessed by measuring the lead concentration, redox status （lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and glutathione）, enzymatic antioxidant activities （superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase）, PCR assays of apoptosis markers （Bax and Bcl-2） and histopathology of the brain. The increases in the lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and apoptosis, the decreases in the glutathione level and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the altered histology of the brain induced by lead acetate were mitigated in the brain of rats pre-treated with IOLME. These findings indicate that IOLME has beneficial effects and it mitigates lead acetate-induced neurotoxicity via its antiox-idant and anti-apoptotic activities.
文摘Seeds of 18 species of Indigofera L. were examined with the scanning electron microscope and the light microscope. Macro- and micromorphological characters, including seed shape, colour, size, surface, epidermal cell shape, anticlinal boundaries, outer periclinal cell wall and relief of outer cell walls, are presented. Two types of basic anticlinal cell wall boundaries and two types of relief outer cell walls are recognized and two different shapes of the outer periclinal cell wall are described. A key for the identification of the investigated taxa based on seed characters is provided.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study is to screen chemical composition and to evaluate the acute general toxicity of leaves aqueous extracts from <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC. (Fabaceae), used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso to treat malaria, helminthiasis, and aqueous extracts of the leaves from Indigofera berhautiana Gillet (Fabaceae) used to treat hepatitis and typhoid fever. <strong>Methods:</strong> Aqueous decoction of leaves from <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC. or <em>Indigofera berhautiana</em> Gillett which are the form of use recommended by traditional health practitioners, were used for tests. Aqueous extracts used to evaluate the acute toxicity, were studied on mice of strain NMRI. For the toxicity study, the doses of the aqueous extracts were respectively 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Phytochemical screening was done to identify the phytochemicals contained in extracts. <strong>Results:</strong> Aqueous extracts of two species: <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> DC., <em>Indigofera berhautiana</em> Gillet were not toxic at the maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Phytochemical screening, showed coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols compounds, steroids and/or triterpenes and saponosides in the aqueous extracts of the two species. Alkaloids were identified in <em>Sesbania pachycarpa</em> aqueous extract.
