OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Hydrolyzed Seawater Pearl tablet(HSPT) could modulate the Th1/Th2 imbalance in an immunosuppressed mouse model with Th1 to Th2 shift induced by Cyclosporine A(Cs A) which can be used ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Hydrolyzed Seawater Pearl tablet(HSPT) could modulate the Th1/Th2 imbalance in an immunosuppressed mouse model with Th1 to Th2 shift induced by Cyclosporine A(Cs A) which can be used in the clinical treatment of Th2 to Th1 shift diseases, and explore the possible mechanism for the adjuvant therapeutic efficacy of HSPT on recurrent respiratory infections(RRI) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS).METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into six groups of five animals each, namely normal group, model group, lentinan polysaccharide tablet(LPT) group and three HPST treated groups. HPST treated groups were administered with HPST(0.51,1.02, 2.04 g/kg) via intragastric gavage(i.g) for 30 consecutive days. LPT used as reference drug for positive control, LPT group was administered with LPT(8.2 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days. Normal group and model group were received distilled water. The animals in model group, LPT group and HPST treated groups were injected intraperitoneally with Cs A(50 mg/kg) to establish the immunosuppressed mice model with Th1 to Th2 shift on the20 th, 22 nd and 24 th day, one hour after the administration of the respective treatment. Animals were sacrificed one hour after the last administration to collect blood and splenic tissue. The proportion of T cells including CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, Th1 and Th2 in peripheral blood of experimental mice were measured by flow cytometric. The protein level in serum and m RNA level in splenic tissue of experimental mice for interleukin(IL)-2, IL-12, interferon-γ(IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction respectively.RESULTS: HSPT elevated the proportion of T cells including both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, in which the proportion of Th1 and Th2 cells increased, while the ratio of Th1/Th2 cells decreased in peripheral blood of the immunosuppressed mouse model with Th1 to Th2 shift induced by Cs A. Furthermore,HSPT elevated both protein and m RNA level of Th1-type cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, while had no significant effect on protein and m RNA level of Th1-type cytokine IL-12 and Th2-type cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 in mouse model.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that HSPT can increase proportion of T cells including both CD8+and CD4+T cells and induce Th2 to Th1 shift in both cells and cytokines, which probably was the mechanism to account for the adjuvant therapeutic efficacy of HSPT on RRI and AIDS.展开更多
To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten （HWG） on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed （Large White×andrace）...To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten （HWG） on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed （Large White×andrace） and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG （control group）, 30 g kg-1 HWG （3% HWG group）, 50 g kg-1 HWG （5% HWG group）, or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine （0.25% Gly-Gln group）. The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 （P〈0.05）, while the average daily gain （ADG） in each of two groups was increased （P〉0.05）. When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4＋：CD8＋ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations （A：G） on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes （P〉0.05） on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A：G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group （P〈0.05）, while the ratio of CD4＋：CD8＋ increased slightly （P〉0.05）. Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3＋ （P〉0.05） and CD4＋ （P〈0.05） on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.展开更多
AIM:To assess the effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG) diet supplement in pediatric chronic abdominal pain(CAP) and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A randomized,double-blind pilot study was performed i...AIM:To assess the effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG) diet supplement in pediatric chronic abdominal pain(CAP) and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A randomized,double-blind pilot study was performed in sixty children(8-16 years) with functional bowel disorders,such as CAP or IBS,diagnosed according to Rome Ⅲ criteria.All patients underwent ultrasound,blood and stool examinations to rule out any organic disease.Patients were allocated to receive PHGG at dosage of 5 g/d(n = 30) or placebo(fruitjuice n = 30) for 4 wk.The evaluation of the efficacy of fiber supplement included IBS symptom severity score(Birmingham IBS Questionnaire),severity of abdominal pain(Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score) and bowel habit(Bristol Stool Scale).Symptom scores were completed at 2,4,and 8 wk.The change from baseline in the symptom severity scale at the end of treatment and at 4 wk follow-up after treatment was the primary endpoint.The secondary endpoint was to evaluate compliance to supplementation with the PHGG in the pediatric population.Differences within groups during the treatment period and follow-up were evaluated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.RESULTS:The results of the study were assessed considering some variables,such as frequency and intensity of symptoms with modifications of the bowel habit.Both groups were balanced for baseline characteristics and all patients completed the study.Group A(PHGG group) presented a higher level of efficacy compared to group B(control group),(43% vs 5%,P = 0.025) in reducing clinical symptoms with modification of Birmingham IBS score(median 0 ± 1 vs 4 ± 1,P = 0.025),in intensity of CAP assessed with the Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score and in normalization of bowel habit evaluated with the Bristol Stool Scale(40% vs 13.3%,P = 0.025).In IBS subgroups,statistical analysis shown a tendency toward normalization of bowel movements,but there was no difference in the prevalence of improvement in two bowel habit subsets.PHGG was therefore better tolerated without any adverse effects.CONCLUSION:Although the cause of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders is not known,the results show that complementary therapy with PHGG may have beneficial effects on symptom control.展开更多
BACKGROUND The gut-liver axis has attracted much interest in the context of chronic liver disease pathogenesis.Prebiotics such as dietary fibers were shown to attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by modul...BACKGROUND The gut-liver axis has attracted much interest in the context of chronic liver disease pathogenesis.Prebiotics such as dietary fibers were shown to attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by modulating gut microbiota.Partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG),a water-soluble dietary fiber,has been reported to alleviate the symptoms of various intestinal diseases and metabolic syndromes.However,its effects on NAFLD remain to be fully elucidated.To determine whether treatment with PHGG attenuates NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis.METHODS Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with increased intestinal permeability were fed a control or atherogenic(Ath)diet(a mouse model of NAFLD)for 8 wk,with or without 5%PHGG.Increased intestinal permeability was induced through chronic intermittent administration of low-dose dextran sulfate sodium.Body weight,liver weight,macroscopic findings in the liver,blood biochemistry[aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total cholesterol,triglyceride,free fatty acids,and glucose levels],liver histology,myeloperoxidase activity in liver tissue,mRNA expression in the liver and intestine,serum endotoxin levels in the portal vein,intestinal permeability,and microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)profiles in the cecal samples were investigated.RESULTS Mice with increased intestinal permeability subjected to the Ath diet showed significantly increased serum AST and ALT levels,liver fat accumulation,liver inflammatory(tumor necrosis factor-αand monocyte chemotactic protein-1)and fibrogenic(collagen 1a1 andαsmooth muscle actin)marker levels,and liver myeloperoxidase activity,which were significantly attenuated by PHGG treatment.Furthermore,the Ath diet combined with increased intestinal permeability resulted in elevated portal endotoxin levels and activated toll-like receptor(TLR)4 and TLR9 expression,confirming that intestinal permeability was significantly elevated,as observed by evaluating the lumen-to-blood clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran.PHGG treatment did not affect fatty acid metabolism in the liver.However,it decreased lipopolysaccharide signaling through the gut-liver axis.In addition,it significantly increased the abundance of cecal Bacteroides and Clostridium subcluster XIVa.Treatment with PHGG markedly increased the levels of SCFAs,particularly,butyric acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,and formic acid,in the cecal samples.CONCLUSION PHGG partially prevented NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis by modulating microbiota and downstream SCFA profiles.展开更多
The effect of salt solutions(NaCl,Na2SO4 and CaCl2) on the conformational properties of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) was investigated by using static laser light scattering(SLLS).The special interaction b...The effect of salt solutions(NaCl,Na2SO4 and CaCl2) on the conformational properties of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) was investigated by using static laser light scattering(SLLS).The special interaction between CaCl2 solution and HPAM was also researched.Experimental results show that the chain structure of HPAM is interrelated with the charge density,the kind and the concentration of salt solutions.The mean-square radius of gyration(Rz) and the second virial coefficient(A2) of HPAM decrease with increasing concentration of salt solutions,and the salt effect tends towards the maximum when the concentration of salt solution is increased to some amount.展开更多
Selective flocculation is a new method to solve the problem of China's bauxite de-silication besides flotation and reverse flotation. The method of selective flocculation of bauxite using hydrolyzed polyacrylamide...Selective flocculation is a new method to solve the problem of China's bauxite de-silication besides flotation and reverse flotation. The method of selective flocculation of bauxite using hydrolyzed polyacrylamide as flocculant was experimented and evaluated. The results of diaspore and kaolinite single mineral settling tests show that the difference between settlement yield of kaolinite(settling 15 min) and diaspore(settling 3 min) increases from 16% to 60% by adding flocculant at pH=7. Results of selective flocculation experiment of bauxite show that the higher concentrate grade(65.75) and Al-Si ratio(7.34) could be obtained with sodium carbonate as dispersant compared with sodium hexametaphosphate; under the action of flocculating agent, the concentrate grade and Al-Si ratio increase to 67.99 and 9.01. These results could meet the requirements of Bayer production, and the simpler process was expected to cost far less than traditional flotation method and a promising de-silication method of bauxite.展开更多
The IFTs(Interfacial tension)of petroleum carboxylate/alkaline/HPAM(Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide)flooding system with Daing crude oil and the effects of petroleum carboxylate and alkaline on viscoaity of HPAM solution we...The IFTs(Interfacial tension)of petroleum carboxylate/alkaline/HPAM(Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide)flooding system with Daing crude oil and the effects of petroleum carboxylate and alkaline on viscoaity of HPAM solution were studied.There exists remarkable synergism between HPAM and petroleum carboxylate,and the introduction of HPAM into petroleum carboxylate/alka- line system leads the lowering of IFTs against Daqing crude oil,The introduction of petroleum carboxylate into solution of HPAM also leads the decreasing of viscosity,but the extent of viscosity decreasing is much lower than that caused by inorganic salts such as NaCl and CaCl_2.展开更多
The degradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) found in alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding sewage was investigated using Fenton-type reagents. Different Fenton reagent treatments for HPAM degradation w...The degradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) found in alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding sewage was investigated using Fenton-type reagents. Different Fenton reagent treatments for HPAM degradation were compared. The effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), ferrous ion(Fe^(2+)), and tartaric ion(C_(4)H_(4)O_(6)^(2-)) concentrations were studied. The degradation reaction occurred within a wide range of pH(3–9). The HPAM degradation performance of photo-Fenton processes using solar light and UV were compared with that of the Fenton process. The degradation rate was found to be strongly dependent on the H_(2)O_(2)/Fe^(2+)/C_(4)H_(4)O_(6)^(2-)molar ratio. The HPAM degradation efficiency was 90%, and the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency was 85%. HPAM could be degraded into a compound with a lower molecular weight, but it was difficult to achieve complete mineralization to CO_(2). The presence of intermediate products hindered further oxidation in the Fenton process.展开更多
BACKGROUND Allergy to cow’s milk is the most frequent allergy occurring in infants and young children.The dietary management of these patients consists of the elimination of any cow’s milk proteins from the diet,and...BACKGROUND Allergy to cow’s milk is the most frequent allergy occurring in infants and young children.The dietary management of these patients consists of the elimination of any cow’s milk proteins from the diet,and for formula-fed infants,the substitution of the usual infant formula with an adapted formula that is generally based on extensively hydrolyzed cow’s milk proteins.The American Academy of Pediatrics has established specific criteria to confirm the hypoallergenicity of a formula intended for these children.AIM To assess the hypoallergenicity of a new thickened extensively hydrolyzed casein-based formula (TeHCF) in children with cow’s milk allergy (CMA).METHODS Children diagnosed with CMA through a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) were randomly administered increased doses of a placebo formula or the TeHCF [Allernova,new thickener including fibres (Novalac)] under double-blind conditions and medical surveillance on two separate days.Otherwise,both of these formulas and a cow’s milk-based formula were randomly introduced to children who were highly suspected of having CMA on three separate days.Immediate and late reactions occurring after the introduction of any of these formulas were thoroughly recorded by the physician at the hospital and reported by parents to the physician after hospital discharge,respectively.If the children tolerated the TeHCF during the DBPCFC,they were exclusively fed this formula during a 3-mo period where potential allergic symptoms,anthropometric parameters,as secondary outcomes,and adverse events were registered.The Cow’s Milk-related Symptoms Score (CoMiSSTM) was assessed and anthropometric parameters were compared to World Health Organization (WHO) reference data.RESULTS Of the 30 children included in the study,the CMA diagnosis of 29 (mean age: 8.03 ± 7.43 mo) patients was confirmed by a DBPCFC.The children all tolerated the TeHCF during both the challenge and the subsequent 3-mo feeding period,which they all completed.During the latter period,the CoMiSSTM remained at a very low level,never exceeding its baseline value (1.4 ± 2.0),growth parameters were within WHO reference standards and no adverse event related to the TeHCF was reported.Over the first week of this period,the proportion of patients with digestive discomfort significantly decreased from 20.7%(6/29) to 3.4%(1/29),P = 0.025.The proportion of satisfaction with the overall effect of the formula reported by the parents and investigator was high,as was the formula acceptability by the child.CONCLUSION The new TeHCF meets the hypoallergenicity criteria according to the American Academy of Pediatrics standards,confirming that the tested TeHCF is adapted to the dietary management of children with CMA.Moreover,growth was adequate in the included population.展开更多
Generally,hydrogen bonds are formed between cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)during their water removal and drying,leading to the irreversible aggregation of CNCs,and thus a poor water-redispersibility.The present study de...Generally,hydrogen bonds are formed between cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)during their water removal and drying,leading to the irreversible aggregation of CNCs,and thus a poor water-redispersibility.The present study demonstrated a novel approach that involved using hydrolyzed sugars generated from the corresponding CNC production as redispersing agents to enhance the redispersibility of CNCs.Experimental data indicated that hydrolyzed sugars can be adsorbed onto CNCs through ethanol precipitation.The oven-dried CNCs onto which hydrolyzed sugars were adsorbed via ethanol precipitation were homogeneously redispersed in water.The redispersed CNCs showed the particle size distribution,Zeta potential,and thermal decomposition properties similar to those of the CNCs without drying.This method may improve the use of hydrolyzed sugars obtained in the hydrolysate from the corresponding CNC production,as well as facilitate the transportation and storage of CNCs.展开更多
As a prebiotic fiber produced through partial enzymatic hydrolysis of guar gum seeds,partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG)alters gut microbiota and metabolites,offering health advantages to the individual.Studies on the...As a prebiotic fiber produced through partial enzymatic hydrolysis of guar gum seeds,partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG)alters gut microbiota and metabolites,offering health advantages to the individual.Studies on the modulatory effect of PHGG on antibiotic-induced intestinal flora disorders are scarce.We investigated the protective effects of PHGG against intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage induced by broadspectrum antibiotics,as well as its role in promoting the recovery of antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbio-sis.C57BL/6J mice were administered PHGG for one or two weeks together with the oral administration of antibiotics to create a model of intestinal dysbiosis.After one week of PHGG treatment,improvement in inflammation and the intestinal barrier was not evident despite changes in the intestinal flora.However,after a fortnight of therapy,the diversity of the intestinal flora increased significantly and was closer to normal flora,the relative abundance of helpful bacteria surged,the production of excessive proinflammatory cytokines was inhibited,the generation of anti-inflammatory cytokines was promoted,the intestinal secretory barrier and epithelial cell barrier were significantly restored,and the antibiotic-induced symptoms,such as weight loss and diarrhea,were corrected.The findings showed that PHGG attenuates antibiotic-induced intestinal barrier damage and inflammation and induces potentially beneficial changes in the intestinal microbiota.The results help elucidate PHGG’s beneficial effects on host-microbial interactions and offer the possibility of clinical application of PHGG as a nutrient to attenuate the adverse effects of antibiotics on the intestinal tract.展开更多
This research delved into examining the impact of hydrolysis and incorporation of Myrtle essential oil(MEO)on the film-forming and antimicrobial characteristics of ethyl cellulose polymer(EC).Three plasticizers(glycer...This research delved into examining the impact of hydrolysis and incorporation of Myrtle essential oil(MEO)on the film-forming and antimicrobial characteristics of ethyl cellulose polymer(EC).Three plasticizers(glycerol,mono ethylene glycol,and oleic acid)were evaluated for film-forming ability.The composite biofilms’structure was assessed through SEM,XRD,FT-IR,and DSC.Eventually,the combination of hydrolyzed EC with oleic acid yielded a flexible film with optimal thickness.Utilizing GC-MS analysis,α-pinene was identified as the predominant compound within MEO,conferring both antioxidant and antibacterial attributes.FTIR spectroscopy confirmed MEO’s participation in the film-forming matrix through hydrogen bonding.By incorporating the MEO into the matrix,the WVP decreased significantly to 6.15*10^(-12) gmm/hmm^(2)Pa considering that the hydrophobic feature of MEO can block the diffusion of water and decrease the WVP.The melting point and enthalpy of the polymer matrix containing MEO decreased that could be attributable to the EOs plasticizing impact,which increases the polymer chain mobility,and thereby hinders the strong interactions between polymer molecules.From the morphological finding,even at higher concentrations,MEO did not form agglomerations in the film matrix,highlighting its excellent compatibility with the microstructure of the resulting films.The film containing MEO showed the acceptable antioxidant activity.Furthermore,films containing MEO substantially decreased S.aureus biofilm development at 24 and 48 h,compared to P.aeruginosa and E.coli.These findings suggest potential applications of the developed film in packaging and preservation.展开更多
Given the growing worldwide focus on bone health,exploring safe and effective interventions to maintain skeletal integrity is imperative.This study involved intragastrically administering hydrolyzed egg yolk powder(HE...Given the growing worldwide focus on bone health,exploring safe and effective interventions to maintain skeletal integrity is imperative.This study involved intragastrically administering hydrolyzed egg yolk powder(HEYP)to 3-week-old Sprague‒Dawley(SD)rats over a period of six weeks.The effects of HEYP on bone growth and the underlying mechanisms were comprehensively investigated by evaluating known bone growth param-eters,bone microstructural features,serum biochemical parameters,the metabolome,and the gut microbiome.HEYP administration significantly increased longitudinal bone growth while concurrently increasing the serum levels of osteogenic growth factors.Subsequent metabolomic analyses revealed significant alterations in the serum levels of metabolites associated with bone metabolism,highlighting the profound impact of HEYP on amino acid metabolism.Additionally,gut microbiome analyses revealed HEYP-induced changes in the gut microbiota(GM),identifying key bacterial genera,including Blautia,Parasutterella,Marvinbryantia and Prevotella,that were potentially beneficial for bone formation and linked to bone growth.Correlation analyses further highlighted associations between significantly altered serum metabolites,distinct bacterial genera,and bone growth-related parameters.These findings emphasized that HEYP might promote bone growth through various pathways,offering insights into the potential development and application of functional foods that promote bone health and potentially aid in osteoporosis prevention.展开更多
In this study,colon-targeted nanoparticles were fabricated using zein and xanthan gum(XG)as carriers(ZX)via anti-solvent precipitation and electrostatic deposition to encapsulate giant salamander protein hydrolysate(S...In this study,colon-targeted nanoparticles were fabricated using zein and xanthan gum(XG)as carriers(ZX)via anti-solvent precipitation and electrostatic deposition to encapsulate giant salamander protein hydrolysate(SPH)or its Maillard reaction(MR)products(SPHX).Their alleviative effects on ulcerative colitis(UC)were investi-gated.Zein and XG primarily formed nanoparticles through hydrogen bonding,hydrophobic interactions,and electrostatic interactions.After encapsulating SPH or SPHX,the resulting nanoparticles exhibited smooth,spherical morphologies with particle sizes below 200 nm and good stability.Compared to SPH-loaded nano-particles(ZSPHX),those loaded with SPHX(ZSPHXX)exhibited superior in vitro sustained-release properties,enhanced in vivo colitis-targeting ability,and improved cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ca-pacity.The encapsulation of ZX enhanced the cellular uptake of SPHX.In a dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced UC mouse model,dietary intervention with ZSPHX/ZSPHXX(especially ZSPHXX)alleviated UC by exerting antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects,repairing intestinal barrier damage,and modulating the gut microbiota.Finally,bioactive peptides were isolated from the intestinal contents of mice treated with ZSPHX/ZSPHXX and screened to evaluate their UC-alleviating effects.The results showed that the peptide AVFPSIVGR,identified in the ZSPHXX group,exhibited markedly stronger ROS scavenging activity than IGAPDMAFPR,which was iden-tified in the ZSPHX group.This enhanced antioxidant capacity may be a primary factor contributing to the superior UC-alleviating effects of SPHX.This work provides a simple strategy for constructing a bioactive peptide UC colon targeted delivery system and preliminarily reveals the potential mechanism of MR enhanced peptide UC alleviation.展开更多
This study aimed to develop hydrolyzed tuna blood powders(HTBP)with potential anti-apoptotic and muscle recovery properties.HTBP was produced alcalase,trypsin,and pepsin at concentrations of 0.5%,1.0%,and 1.5%.The phy...This study aimed to develop hydrolyzed tuna blood powders(HTBP)with potential anti-apoptotic and muscle recovery properties.HTBP was produced alcalase,trypsin,and pepsin at concentrations of 0.5%,1.0%,and 1.5%.The physical and chemical properties of HTBP were evaluated.The results showed no significant difference in yield(p>0.05),with a range of 7.08%±0.78%to 9.26%±1.74%.HTBP produced with alcalase at all concentrations yielded a higher amount of protein(76.86%±0.5%–79.1%±1.10%)compared to trypsin and pepsin.Glutamic acid,cysteine,and aspartic acid were identified as the main amino acids in HTBP.The water solubility index of all HTBP was high(>90%).Antioxidant values increased with higher protein content.Hydrolyzed tuna blood with 0.5%alcalase(HTBPA)and 0.5%trypsin were selected for further investigation of their biological activities,assessed using C2C12 muscle cells under oxidative stress conditions induced by hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).In H_(2)O_(2)-induced C2C12 cells,HTBPA and HTBPT reduced nitric oxide(NO)secretion and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Furthermore,HTBPA and HTBPT significantly decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells in these H_(2)O_(2)-induced C2C12 cells.They also inhibited H_(2)O_(2)-induced apoptosis by modulating apoptosis-related proteins,including NF-κB,Bax,and caspase-3.Additionally,HTBPA and HTBPT suppressed the phosphorylation levels of key signaling proteins such as Akt,ERK1/2,and p38,thereby contributing to enhanced cell survival.These findings suggest that hydrolyzing tuna blood,waste of the canned tuna industry,can create a valuable ingredient for promoting muscle health.展开更多
Early neurodevelopment is a crucial stage for the organism.Dietary supplement is a viable approach to pro-moting early neurodevelopment due to their safety.Hydrolyzed chicken meat extract(HCE),as a nutritional supplem...Early neurodevelopment is a crucial stage for the organism.Dietary supplement is a viable approach to pro-moting early neurodevelopment due to their safety.Hydrolyzed chicken meat extract(HCE),as a nutritional supplement,has been found to have effects on elderly neurodysfunction in our previous study.However,HCE and its bioactives on early neurodevelopment remain unclear.Here,the impact of HCE and its bioactive cyclopeptides on neurodevelopment was investigated,and the potent dietary peptides were screened out.Additionally,the underlying mechanisms were further explored and verified in larval zebrafish in vivo and neurons in vitro.HCE supplementation promoted the early development of larval zebrafish,ameliorated neurobehavioral ability,and alleviated nerve dysfunction in aluminum chloride(AlCl3)-treated larval zebrafish.Among the eight bioactives,cyclo(Val-Pro)and cyclo(Phe-Phe)were identified as potent cyclopeptides.Mechanistically,HCE,cyclo(Val-Pro),and cyclo(Phe-Phe)increased the synthesis of dopamine(DA)and activated dopamine D1-like receptor(D1R)and the D1R-mediated downstream cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in the zebrafish and in vitro SH-SY5Y cells and mouse primary cortical neurons.These effects were abolished after the inhibition of D1R by its antagonist Sch23390.Collectively,HCE,cyclo(Val-Pro),and cyclo(Phe-Phe)likely improved early neurodevelopment through dopaminergic mechanisms,and these results laid a theoretical basis for the future use of dietary cyclopeptides in neurodevelopment intervention.展开更多
Recent studies have confirmed the critical and essential role of elemental hydrolysis in metallogenic processes,such as metal migration and precipitation.However,the kinetic processes,characteristics,and formation mec...Recent studies have confirmed the critical and essential role of elemental hydrolysis in metallogenic processes,such as metal migration and precipitation.However,the kinetic processes,characteristics,and formation mechanisms of hydrolyzed precipitates require further comprehensive investigation.This paper is based on a systematic investigation of the hydrolysis mechanisms of Pb and Zn in various systems under ambient temperature and pressure,the storage conditions of the hydrolyzed precipitates,and the characterization of these precipitates.The results indicate that the hydrolysis behaviors of Pb and Zn exhibit significant differences across various systems.Within the monometallic regime,there is a pronounced disparity in the hydrolysis rates between Pb ions and Zn ions.Pb ions demonstrate a substantially higher degree of hydrolysis,a trend that persists over time and remains largely unaffected by the fluid retention or isolation"phenomenon in the surrounding environment.Both hydrolytic precipitation rates were observed to decrease in the mixed system,with Zn ions exhibiting less reduction than Pb ions.After hydrolysis,hydrolyzed precipitates can remain in the fluid environment for extended periods of time,which can lead to re-dissolution.Over time,this re-dissolution can increase,eventually leading to significant loss of hydrolyzed precipitates.The hydrolyzed precipitates obtained from the experiments primarily consisted of alkaline carbonates of Pb and Zn.Notably,the crystalline characteristics of the hydrolysis products of Pb and Zn ions exhibited significant differences across various experimental systems;however,the crystallographic characteristics of the primary hydrolysis products are essentially identical to those of their corresponding natural counterparts.Based on the findings from physical phase analysis and previous research,it is concluded that the hydrolysis process consists of three main stages:oxides/hydroxides,carbonates,and alkali carbonates.In the Pb-Zn-NaCl-H_(2)O system,the proportion of the basic carbonate products of Pb and Zn is 6:2.This research offers an in-depth analysis of the hydrolysis dynamics of lead and zinc under ambient temperature and pressure conditions.Furthermore,it characterizes the crystallization features of the hydrolyzed precipitates and reconstructs the three stages of the formation process.This study holds significant scientific value for understanding the metallogenic mechanisms of Pb and Zn.展开更多
A facile synthetic strategy based on a water-based process is developed for the preparation of metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived materials by revisiting the hydrolyzed non-porous metal-organic frameworks (h-MOF). ...A facile synthetic strategy based on a water-based process is developed for the preparation of metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived materials by revisiting the hydrolyzed non-porous metal-organic frameworks (h-MOF). The poor water stability of MOF has been recognized as key limitations for its commercialization and large-scale applications because the hydrolysis resulted in the complete loss of their functionalities. However, we found that the negative effect of hydrolysis on MOF can be nullified during the heat treatment. As similar to the intact MOF, h-MOF can be used as a precursor for the preparation of MOF-derived materials from porous MOF-derived carbons (MDCs) to MDC@ZnO composites. The property of h-MOF-derived materials is almost equivalent to that of MOF-derived materials. In addition, h-MOF turned the weakness of water instability to the strength of facile water-based process for hybridization. With the demonstration of the hybrid composite between h-MDC@ZnO and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a prototype example, it exhibited superior electrochemical performance when evaluated as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing 0%,3%,6%,9%,and 12%hydrolyzed porcine mucosa(namely,HPM0,HPM3,HPM6,HPM9,and HPM12)were prepared to evaluate their effects on the growth performance,muscle nutrition com...Iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing 0%,3%,6%,9%,and 12%hydrolyzed porcine mucosa(namely,HPM0,HPM3,HPM6,HPM9,and HPM12)were prepared to evaluate their effects on the growth performance,muscle nutrition composition,texture property,and gene expression related to muscle growth of hybrid groupers(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus\Epinephelus lanceolatus_).Groupers were fed to apparent satiation at 08:00 and 16:00 every day for a total of 56 days.It was found that the weight gain percentage in the HPM0,HPM3,and HPM6 groups did not differ(P>0.05).The cooking loss and drip loss of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were lower than those in the HPM6 and HPM9 groups(P<0.05).The hardness and chewiness of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were higher than those in the HPM0,HPM9,and HPM12 groups(P<0.05).The gumminess in the HPM3 group was higher than that in the HPM9 and HPM12 groups(P<0.05).The total essential amino acid content of the dorsal muscle in the HPM12 group was higher than that in the HPM0 group(P<0.05).The contents of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and total n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid,as well as the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the dorsal muscle was higher in the HPM0 group than in all other groups(P<0.05).The relative expressions of gene myogenic factor 5,myocyte enhancer factor 2c,myocyte enhancer factor 2a,myosin heavy chain,transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-b1),and follistatin(FST)were the highest in the dorsal muscle of the HPM3 group.The results indicated that the growth performance of hybrid grouper fed a diet with 6%HPM and 27%fish meal was as good as that of the HPM0 group.When fish ingested a diet containing 3%HPM,the expression of genes TGF-β1 and FST involved in muscle growth were upregulated,and then the muscle quality related to hardness and chewiness were improved.An appropriate amount of HPM could be better used in grouper feed.展开更多
Rheological properties of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)solutions were measured in oscillatory and flow shear.In oscillatory shear the storage and loss moduli increased as the concentrations of the solutions increase...Rheological properties of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)solutions were measured in oscillatory and flow shear.In oscillatory shear the storage and loss moduli increased as the concentrations of the solutions increased,but they decreased as salinity increased.The relaxation spectra were plotted using the Kontogiorgos method.As shown in the relaxation spectra,the number of density of segmental units increased at first and then the peaks shifted and split into several as the concentration increased.With salinity increasing,the number of motion units increase and the peaks of segmental units became broader.In flow shear tests,the curves of viscosity versus shear rate were fitted by a power law equation.The result showed that the flow behavior index decreased with increasing concentration,while it generally increased with increasing of salinity.Furthermore,the first normal stress difference increased as the concentration was increased,while it decreased as the salinity was increased.The first normal stress differences measured by the rheometer were compared with the first normal stress differences calculated by the Laun equation and the results showed that Laun equation deviates the experimental results.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (2017GXNSFAA198329)the Science and Technology Base and Talent Specialization of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (AD17195080)+4 种基金the Guangxi Specialist Posts of "Beibu Gulf Marine Medicine Research and Development"(J13160)the National Industrial Chain Coordination Innovation Project of Marine Economy Innovation and the Development Model City (Beihai City)(Bhsfs002)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine (B170019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81903919)the Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine (2017BS014)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Hydrolyzed Seawater Pearl tablet(HSPT) could modulate the Th1/Th2 imbalance in an immunosuppressed mouse model with Th1 to Th2 shift induced by Cyclosporine A(Cs A) which can be used in the clinical treatment of Th2 to Th1 shift diseases, and explore the possible mechanism for the adjuvant therapeutic efficacy of HSPT on recurrent respiratory infections(RRI) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS).METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into six groups of five animals each, namely normal group, model group, lentinan polysaccharide tablet(LPT) group and three HPST treated groups. HPST treated groups were administered with HPST(0.51,1.02, 2.04 g/kg) via intragastric gavage(i.g) for 30 consecutive days. LPT used as reference drug for positive control, LPT group was administered with LPT(8.2 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days. Normal group and model group were received distilled water. The animals in model group, LPT group and HPST treated groups were injected intraperitoneally with Cs A(50 mg/kg) to establish the immunosuppressed mice model with Th1 to Th2 shift on the20 th, 22 nd and 24 th day, one hour after the administration of the respective treatment. Animals were sacrificed one hour after the last administration to collect blood and splenic tissue. The proportion of T cells including CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, Th1 and Th2 in peripheral blood of experimental mice were measured by flow cytometric. The protein level in serum and m RNA level in splenic tissue of experimental mice for interleukin(IL)-2, IL-12, interferon-γ(IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction respectively.RESULTS: HSPT elevated the proportion of T cells including both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, in which the proportion of Th1 and Th2 cells increased, while the ratio of Th1/Th2 cells decreased in peripheral blood of the immunosuppressed mouse model with Th1 to Th2 shift induced by Cs A. Furthermore,HSPT elevated both protein and m RNA level of Th1-type cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, while had no significant effect on protein and m RNA level of Th1-type cytokine IL-12 and Th2-type cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 in mouse model.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that HSPT can increase proportion of T cells including both CD8+and CD4+T cells and induce Th2 to Th1 shift in both cells and cytokines, which probably was the mechanism to account for the adjuvant therapeutic efficacy of HSPT on RRI and AIDS.
基金supported by the Major Special Project of Guangdong Province, China (2009A080303009)the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of China (Agriculture, 201003011)+2 种基金the National 948 Project of China (2011-G35)the National Major Science Research Program of China (2009CB941601)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U0731004)
文摘To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten （HWG） on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed （Large White×andrace） and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG （control group）, 30 g kg-1 HWG （3% HWG group）, 50 g kg-1 HWG （5% HWG group）, or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine （0.25% Gly-Gln group）. The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 （P〈0.05）, while the average daily gain （ADG） in each of two groups was increased （P〉0.05）. When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4＋：CD8＋ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations （A：G） on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes （P〉0.05） on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A：G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group （P〈0.05）, while the ratio of CD4＋：CD8＋ increased slightly （P〉0.05）. Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3＋ （P〉0.05） and CD4＋ （P〈0.05） on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.
文摘AIM:To assess the effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG) diet supplement in pediatric chronic abdominal pain(CAP) and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A randomized,double-blind pilot study was performed in sixty children(8-16 years) with functional bowel disorders,such as CAP or IBS,diagnosed according to Rome Ⅲ criteria.All patients underwent ultrasound,blood and stool examinations to rule out any organic disease.Patients were allocated to receive PHGG at dosage of 5 g/d(n = 30) or placebo(fruitjuice n = 30) for 4 wk.The evaluation of the efficacy of fiber supplement included IBS symptom severity score(Birmingham IBS Questionnaire),severity of abdominal pain(Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score) and bowel habit(Bristol Stool Scale).Symptom scores were completed at 2,4,and 8 wk.The change from baseline in the symptom severity scale at the end of treatment and at 4 wk follow-up after treatment was the primary endpoint.The secondary endpoint was to evaluate compliance to supplementation with the PHGG in the pediatric population.Differences within groups during the treatment period and follow-up were evaluated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.RESULTS:The results of the study were assessed considering some variables,such as frequency and intensity of symptoms with modifications of the bowel habit.Both groups were balanced for baseline characteristics and all patients completed the study.Group A(PHGG group) presented a higher level of efficacy compared to group B(control group),(43% vs 5%,P = 0.025) in reducing clinical symptoms with modification of Birmingham IBS score(median 0 ± 1 vs 4 ± 1,P = 0.025),in intensity of CAP assessed with the Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score and in normalization of bowel habit evaluated with the Bristol Stool Scale(40% vs 13.3%,P = 0.025).In IBS subgroups,statistical analysis shown a tendency toward normalization of bowel movements,but there was no difference in the prevalence of improvement in two bowel habit subsets.PHGG was therefore better tolerated without any adverse effects.CONCLUSION:Although the cause of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders is not known,the results show that complementary therapy with PHGG may have beneficial effects on symptom control.
基金Scientific Research(KAKENHI)(C),No.25460958Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,No.20K11513and Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through target driven R&D from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.
文摘BACKGROUND The gut-liver axis has attracted much interest in the context of chronic liver disease pathogenesis.Prebiotics such as dietary fibers were shown to attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by modulating gut microbiota.Partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG),a water-soluble dietary fiber,has been reported to alleviate the symptoms of various intestinal diseases and metabolic syndromes.However,its effects on NAFLD remain to be fully elucidated.To determine whether treatment with PHGG attenuates NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis.METHODS Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with increased intestinal permeability were fed a control or atherogenic(Ath)diet(a mouse model of NAFLD)for 8 wk,with or without 5%PHGG.Increased intestinal permeability was induced through chronic intermittent administration of low-dose dextran sulfate sodium.Body weight,liver weight,macroscopic findings in the liver,blood biochemistry[aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total cholesterol,triglyceride,free fatty acids,and glucose levels],liver histology,myeloperoxidase activity in liver tissue,mRNA expression in the liver and intestine,serum endotoxin levels in the portal vein,intestinal permeability,and microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)profiles in the cecal samples were investigated.RESULTS Mice with increased intestinal permeability subjected to the Ath diet showed significantly increased serum AST and ALT levels,liver fat accumulation,liver inflammatory(tumor necrosis factor-αand monocyte chemotactic protein-1)and fibrogenic(collagen 1a1 andαsmooth muscle actin)marker levels,and liver myeloperoxidase activity,which were significantly attenuated by PHGG treatment.Furthermore,the Ath diet combined with increased intestinal permeability resulted in elevated portal endotoxin levels and activated toll-like receptor(TLR)4 and TLR9 expression,confirming that intestinal permeability was significantly elevated,as observed by evaluating the lumen-to-blood clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran.PHGG treatment did not affect fatty acid metabolism in the liver.However,it decreased lipopolysaccharide signaling through the gut-liver axis.In addition,it significantly increased the abundance of cecal Bacteroides and Clostridium subcluster XIVa.Treatment with PHGG markedly increased the levels of SCFAs,particularly,butyric acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,and formic acid,in the cecal samples.CONCLUSION PHGG partially prevented NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis by modulating microbiota and downstream SCFA profiles.
基金Project(50673033) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The effect of salt solutions(NaCl,Na2SO4 and CaCl2) on the conformational properties of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) was investigated by using static laser light scattering(SLLS).The special interaction between CaCl2 solution and HPAM was also researched.Experimental results show that the chain structure of HPAM is interrelated with the charge density,the kind and the concentration of salt solutions.The mean-square radius of gyration(Rz) and the second virial coefficient(A2) of HPAM decrease with increasing concentration of salt solutions,and the salt effect tends towards the maximum when the concentration of salt solution is increased to some amount.
基金Project(2005CB623701)supported by the National Key Basic Research Program(973)of China
文摘Selective flocculation is a new method to solve the problem of China's bauxite de-silication besides flotation and reverse flotation. The method of selective flocculation of bauxite using hydrolyzed polyacrylamide as flocculant was experimented and evaluated. The results of diaspore and kaolinite single mineral settling tests show that the difference between settlement yield of kaolinite(settling 15 min) and diaspore(settling 3 min) increases from 16% to 60% by adding flocculant at pH=7. Results of selective flocculation experiment of bauxite show that the higher concentrate grade(65.75) and Al-Si ratio(7.34) could be obtained with sodium carbonate as dispersant compared with sodium hexametaphosphate; under the action of flocculating agent, the concentrate grade and Al-Si ratio increase to 67.99 and 9.01. These results could meet the requirements of Bayer production, and the simpler process was expected to cost far less than traditional flotation method and a promising de-silication method of bauxite.
文摘The IFTs(Interfacial tension)of petroleum carboxylate/alkaline/HPAM(Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide)flooding system with Daing crude oil and the effects of petroleum carboxylate and alkaline on viscoaity of HPAM solution were studied.There exists remarkable synergism between HPAM and petroleum carboxylate,and the introduction of HPAM into petroleum carboxylate/alka- line system leads the lowering of IFTs against Daqing crude oil,The introduction of petroleum carboxylate into solution of HPAM also leads the decreasing of viscosity,but the extent of viscosity decreasing is much lower than that caused by inorganic salts such as NaCl and CaCl_2.
基金the Northeast Petroleum University Youth Science Foundation (No. 2019QNL-35)Guiding Science and Technology Plan Project of Daqing (No. zd-2021-39)。
文摘The degradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) found in alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding sewage was investigated using Fenton-type reagents. Different Fenton reagent treatments for HPAM degradation were compared. The effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), ferrous ion(Fe^(2+)), and tartaric ion(C_(4)H_(4)O_(6)^(2-)) concentrations were studied. The degradation reaction occurred within a wide range of pH(3–9). The HPAM degradation performance of photo-Fenton processes using solar light and UV were compared with that of the Fenton process. The degradation rate was found to be strongly dependent on the H_(2)O_(2)/Fe^(2+)/C_(4)H_(4)O_(6)^(2-)molar ratio. The HPAM degradation efficiency was 90%, and the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency was 85%. HPAM could be degraded into a compound with a lower molecular weight, but it was difficult to achieve complete mineralization to CO_(2). The presence of intermediate products hindered further oxidation in the Fenton process.
文摘BACKGROUND Allergy to cow’s milk is the most frequent allergy occurring in infants and young children.The dietary management of these patients consists of the elimination of any cow’s milk proteins from the diet,and for formula-fed infants,the substitution of the usual infant formula with an adapted formula that is generally based on extensively hydrolyzed cow’s milk proteins.The American Academy of Pediatrics has established specific criteria to confirm the hypoallergenicity of a formula intended for these children.AIM To assess the hypoallergenicity of a new thickened extensively hydrolyzed casein-based formula (TeHCF) in children with cow’s milk allergy (CMA).METHODS Children diagnosed with CMA through a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) were randomly administered increased doses of a placebo formula or the TeHCF [Allernova,new thickener including fibres (Novalac)] under double-blind conditions and medical surveillance on two separate days.Otherwise,both of these formulas and a cow’s milk-based formula were randomly introduced to children who were highly suspected of having CMA on three separate days.Immediate and late reactions occurring after the introduction of any of these formulas were thoroughly recorded by the physician at the hospital and reported by parents to the physician after hospital discharge,respectively.If the children tolerated the TeHCF during the DBPCFC,they were exclusively fed this formula during a 3-mo period where potential allergic symptoms,anthropometric parameters,as secondary outcomes,and adverse events were registered.The Cow’s Milk-related Symptoms Score (CoMiSSTM) was assessed and anthropometric parameters were compared to World Health Organization (WHO) reference data.RESULTS Of the 30 children included in the study,the CMA diagnosis of 29 (mean age: 8.03 ± 7.43 mo) patients was confirmed by a DBPCFC.The children all tolerated the TeHCF during both the challenge and the subsequent 3-mo feeding period,which they all completed.During the latter period,the CoMiSSTM remained at a very low level,never exceeding its baseline value (1.4 ± 2.0),growth parameters were within WHO reference standards and no adverse event related to the TeHCF was reported.Over the first week of this period,the proportion of patients with digestive discomfort significantly decreased from 20.7%(6/29) to 3.4%(1/29),P = 0.025.The proportion of satisfaction with the overall effect of the formula reported by the parents and investigator was high,as was the formula acceptability by the child.CONCLUSION The new TeHCF meets the hypoallergenicity criteria according to the American Academy of Pediatrics standards,confirming that the tested TeHCF is adapted to the dietary management of children with CMA.Moreover,growth was adequate in the included population.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation(No.202105)of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp&Paper(Tianjin University of Science&Technology)the Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Academic Leader Training Program(2013XSD25).
文摘Generally,hydrogen bonds are formed between cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)during their water removal and drying,leading to the irreversible aggregation of CNCs,and thus a poor water-redispersibility.The present study demonstrated a novel approach that involved using hydrolyzed sugars generated from the corresponding CNC production as redispersing agents to enhance the redispersibility of CNCs.Experimental data indicated that hydrolyzed sugars can be adsorbed onto CNCs through ethanol precipitation.The oven-dried CNCs onto which hydrolyzed sugars were adsorbed via ethanol precipitation were homogeneously redispersed in water.The redispersed CNCs showed the particle size distribution,Zeta potential,and thermal decomposition properties similar to those of the CNCs without drying.This method may improve the use of hydrolyzed sugars obtained in the hydrolysate from the corresponding CNC production,as well as facilitate the transportation and storage of CNCs.
基金supported by the Science Research Plan of Shanghai public health system(grant number 202340254)Clinical science and technology innovation Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center Foundation(grant numbers SHDC22022204,SHDC22023234)Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center Foundation(grant numbers SHDC12020122,SHDC22021212).
文摘As a prebiotic fiber produced through partial enzymatic hydrolysis of guar gum seeds,partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG)alters gut microbiota and metabolites,offering health advantages to the individual.Studies on the modulatory effect of PHGG on antibiotic-induced intestinal flora disorders are scarce.We investigated the protective effects of PHGG against intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage induced by broadspectrum antibiotics,as well as its role in promoting the recovery of antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbio-sis.C57BL/6J mice were administered PHGG for one or two weeks together with the oral administration of antibiotics to create a model of intestinal dysbiosis.After one week of PHGG treatment,improvement in inflammation and the intestinal barrier was not evident despite changes in the intestinal flora.However,after a fortnight of therapy,the diversity of the intestinal flora increased significantly and was closer to normal flora,the relative abundance of helpful bacteria surged,the production of excessive proinflammatory cytokines was inhibited,the generation of anti-inflammatory cytokines was promoted,the intestinal secretory barrier and epithelial cell barrier were significantly restored,and the antibiotic-induced symptoms,such as weight loss and diarrhea,were corrected.The findings showed that PHGG attenuates antibiotic-induced intestinal barrier damage and inflammation and induces potentially beneficial changes in the intestinal microbiota.The results help elucidate PHGG’s beneficial effects on host-microbial interactions and offer the possibility of clinical application of PHGG as a nutrient to attenuate the adverse effects of antibiotics on the intestinal tract.
基金supported by GAIN(Axencia Galega de Innovación)(Grant No.IN607A2023/01)approved&Supported by Student Research Committee,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences(Grant No.67789).
文摘This research delved into examining the impact of hydrolysis and incorporation of Myrtle essential oil(MEO)on the film-forming and antimicrobial characteristics of ethyl cellulose polymer(EC).Three plasticizers(glycerol,mono ethylene glycol,and oleic acid)were evaluated for film-forming ability.The composite biofilms’structure was assessed through SEM,XRD,FT-IR,and DSC.Eventually,the combination of hydrolyzed EC with oleic acid yielded a flexible film with optimal thickness.Utilizing GC-MS analysis,α-pinene was identified as the predominant compound within MEO,conferring both antioxidant and antibacterial attributes.FTIR spectroscopy confirmed MEO’s participation in the film-forming matrix through hydrogen bonding.By incorporating the MEO into the matrix,the WVP decreased significantly to 6.15*10^(-12) gmm/hmm^(2)Pa considering that the hydrophobic feature of MEO can block the diffusion of water and decrease the WVP.The melting point and enthalpy of the polymer matrix containing MEO decreased that could be attributable to the EOs plasticizing impact,which increases the polymer chain mobility,and thereby hinders the strong interactions between polymer molecules.From the morphological finding,even at higher concentrations,MEO did not form agglomerations in the film matrix,highlighting its excellent compatibility with the microstructure of the resulting films.The film containing MEO showed the acceptable antioxidant activity.Furthermore,films containing MEO substantially decreased S.aureus biofilm development at 24 and 48 h,compared to P.aeruginosa and E.coli.These findings suggest potential applications of the developed film in packaging and preservation.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY22C200011)Zhejiang Provincepostdoctoral research project(ZJ2023112)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372315)NationalKey R&D Program of China(2023YFF1104003).
文摘Given the growing worldwide focus on bone health,exploring safe and effective interventions to maintain skeletal integrity is imperative.This study involved intragastrically administering hydrolyzed egg yolk powder(HEYP)to 3-week-old Sprague‒Dawley(SD)rats over a period of six weeks.The effects of HEYP on bone growth and the underlying mechanisms were comprehensively investigated by evaluating known bone growth param-eters,bone microstructural features,serum biochemical parameters,the metabolome,and the gut microbiome.HEYP administration significantly increased longitudinal bone growth while concurrently increasing the serum levels of osteogenic growth factors.Subsequent metabolomic analyses revealed significant alterations in the serum levels of metabolites associated with bone metabolism,highlighting the profound impact of HEYP on amino acid metabolism.Additionally,gut microbiome analyses revealed HEYP-induced changes in the gut microbiota(GM),identifying key bacterial genera,including Blautia,Parasutterella,Marvinbryantia and Prevotella,that were potentially beneficial for bone formation and linked to bone growth.Correlation analyses further highlighted associations between significantly altered serum metabolites,distinct bacterial genera,and bone growth-related parameters.These findings emphasized that HEYP might promote bone growth through various pathways,offering insights into the potential development and application of functional foods that promote bone health and potentially aid in osteoporosis prevention.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LQN25C200011.
文摘In this study,colon-targeted nanoparticles were fabricated using zein and xanthan gum(XG)as carriers(ZX)via anti-solvent precipitation and electrostatic deposition to encapsulate giant salamander protein hydrolysate(SPH)or its Maillard reaction(MR)products(SPHX).Their alleviative effects on ulcerative colitis(UC)were investi-gated.Zein and XG primarily formed nanoparticles through hydrogen bonding,hydrophobic interactions,and electrostatic interactions.After encapsulating SPH or SPHX,the resulting nanoparticles exhibited smooth,spherical morphologies with particle sizes below 200 nm and good stability.Compared to SPH-loaded nano-particles(ZSPHX),those loaded with SPHX(ZSPHXX)exhibited superior in vitro sustained-release properties,enhanced in vivo colitis-targeting ability,and improved cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ca-pacity.The encapsulation of ZX enhanced the cellular uptake of SPHX.In a dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced UC mouse model,dietary intervention with ZSPHX/ZSPHXX(especially ZSPHXX)alleviated UC by exerting antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects,repairing intestinal barrier damage,and modulating the gut microbiota.Finally,bioactive peptides were isolated from the intestinal contents of mice treated with ZSPHX/ZSPHXX and screened to evaluate their UC-alleviating effects.The results showed that the peptide AVFPSIVGR,identified in the ZSPHXX group,exhibited markedly stronger ROS scavenging activity than IGAPDMAFPR,which was iden-tified in the ZSPHX group.This enhanced antioxidant capacity may be a primary factor contributing to the superior UC-alleviating effects of SPHX.This work provides a simple strategy for constructing a bioactive peptide UC colon targeted delivery system and preliminarily reveals the potential mechanism of MR enhanced peptide UC alleviation.
文摘This study aimed to develop hydrolyzed tuna blood powders(HTBP)with potential anti-apoptotic and muscle recovery properties.HTBP was produced alcalase,trypsin,and pepsin at concentrations of 0.5%,1.0%,and 1.5%.The physical and chemical properties of HTBP were evaluated.The results showed no significant difference in yield(p>0.05),with a range of 7.08%±0.78%to 9.26%±1.74%.HTBP produced with alcalase at all concentrations yielded a higher amount of protein(76.86%±0.5%–79.1%±1.10%)compared to trypsin and pepsin.Glutamic acid,cysteine,and aspartic acid were identified as the main amino acids in HTBP.The water solubility index of all HTBP was high(>90%).Antioxidant values increased with higher protein content.Hydrolyzed tuna blood with 0.5%alcalase(HTBPA)and 0.5%trypsin were selected for further investigation of their biological activities,assessed using C2C12 muscle cells under oxidative stress conditions induced by hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).In H_(2)O_(2)-induced C2C12 cells,HTBPA and HTBPT reduced nitric oxide(NO)secretion and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Furthermore,HTBPA and HTBPT significantly decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells in these H_(2)O_(2)-induced C2C12 cells.They also inhibited H_(2)O_(2)-induced apoptosis by modulating apoptosis-related proteins,including NF-κB,Bax,and caspase-3.Additionally,HTBPA and HTBPT suppressed the phosphorylation levels of key signaling proteins such as Akt,ERK1/2,and p38,thereby contributing to enhanced cell survival.These findings suggest that hydrolyzing tuna blood,waste of the canned tuna industry,can create a valuable ingredient for promoting muscle health.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1700401)the fund from Shanghai Polaris Health Co.,Ltd(KYY-HX-20210238).
文摘Early neurodevelopment is a crucial stage for the organism.Dietary supplement is a viable approach to pro-moting early neurodevelopment due to their safety.Hydrolyzed chicken meat extract(HCE),as a nutritional supplement,has been found to have effects on elderly neurodysfunction in our previous study.However,HCE and its bioactives on early neurodevelopment remain unclear.Here,the impact of HCE and its bioactive cyclopeptides on neurodevelopment was investigated,and the potent dietary peptides were screened out.Additionally,the underlying mechanisms were further explored and verified in larval zebrafish in vivo and neurons in vitro.HCE supplementation promoted the early development of larval zebrafish,ameliorated neurobehavioral ability,and alleviated nerve dysfunction in aluminum chloride(AlCl3)-treated larval zebrafish.Among the eight bioactives,cyclo(Val-Pro)and cyclo(Phe-Phe)were identified as potent cyclopeptides.Mechanistically,HCE,cyclo(Val-Pro),and cyclo(Phe-Phe)increased the synthesis of dopamine(DA)and activated dopamine D1-like receptor(D1R)and the D1R-mediated downstream cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in the zebrafish and in vitro SH-SY5Y cells and mouse primary cortical neurons.These effects were abolished after the inhibition of D1R by its antagonist Sch23390.Collectively,HCE,cyclo(Val-Pro),and cyclo(Phe-Phe)likely improved early neurodevelopment through dopaminergic mechanisms,and these results laid a theoretical basis for the future use of dietary cyclopeptides in neurodevelopment intervention.
基金financed jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42472127,42172086)the Yunnan Major Science and Technological Projects(202202AG050014)+2 种基金the Yunnan Major Project of Basic Research(202401BN070001-002)Yunnan Mineral Resources Prediction and Evaluation Engineering Research Center(2011)Innovation Team Program of Kunming University of Science and Technology,Yunnan Province。
文摘Recent studies have confirmed the critical and essential role of elemental hydrolysis in metallogenic processes,such as metal migration and precipitation.However,the kinetic processes,characteristics,and formation mechanisms of hydrolyzed precipitates require further comprehensive investigation.This paper is based on a systematic investigation of the hydrolysis mechanisms of Pb and Zn in various systems under ambient temperature and pressure,the storage conditions of the hydrolyzed precipitates,and the characterization of these precipitates.The results indicate that the hydrolysis behaviors of Pb and Zn exhibit significant differences across various systems.Within the monometallic regime,there is a pronounced disparity in the hydrolysis rates between Pb ions and Zn ions.Pb ions demonstrate a substantially higher degree of hydrolysis,a trend that persists over time and remains largely unaffected by the fluid retention or isolation"phenomenon in the surrounding environment.Both hydrolytic precipitation rates were observed to decrease in the mixed system,with Zn ions exhibiting less reduction than Pb ions.After hydrolysis,hydrolyzed precipitates can remain in the fluid environment for extended periods of time,which can lead to re-dissolution.Over time,this re-dissolution can increase,eventually leading to significant loss of hydrolyzed precipitates.The hydrolyzed precipitates obtained from the experiments primarily consisted of alkaline carbonates of Pb and Zn.Notably,the crystalline characteristics of the hydrolysis products of Pb and Zn ions exhibited significant differences across various experimental systems;however,the crystallographic characteristics of the primary hydrolysis products are essentially identical to those of their corresponding natural counterparts.Based on the findings from physical phase analysis and previous research,it is concluded that the hydrolysis process consists of three main stages:oxides/hydroxides,carbonates,and alkali carbonates.In the Pb-Zn-NaCl-H_(2)O system,the proportion of the basic carbonate products of Pb and Zn is 6:2.This research offers an in-depth analysis of the hydrolysis dynamics of lead and zinc under ambient temperature and pressure conditions.Furthermore,it characterizes the crystallization features of the hydrolyzed precipitates and reconstructs the three stages of the formation process.This study holds significant scientific value for understanding the metallogenic mechanisms of Pb and Zn.
文摘A facile synthetic strategy based on a water-based process is developed for the preparation of metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived materials by revisiting the hydrolyzed non-porous metal-organic frameworks (h-MOF). The poor water stability of MOF has been recognized as key limitations for its commercialization and large-scale applications because the hydrolysis resulted in the complete loss of their functionalities. However, we found that the negative effect of hydrolysis on MOF can be nullified during the heat treatment. As similar to the intact MOF, h-MOF can be used as a precursor for the preparation of MOF-derived materials from porous MOF-derived carbons (MDCs) to MDC@ZnO composites. The property of h-MOF-derived materials is almost equivalent to that of MOF-derived materials. In addition, h-MOF turned the weakness of water instability to the strength of facile water-based process for hybridization. With the demonstration of the hybrid composite between h-MDC@ZnO and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a prototype example, it exhibited superior electrochemical performance when evaluated as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries.
基金This study was supported by the Fund of The National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900200)Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang)(No.ZJW2019-06)+1 种基金China Agricultural Research System(CARS-47)Guangdong Modern Agriculture Research System-Innovation Team(2020KJ150).
文摘Iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing 0%,3%,6%,9%,and 12%hydrolyzed porcine mucosa(namely,HPM0,HPM3,HPM6,HPM9,and HPM12)were prepared to evaluate their effects on the growth performance,muscle nutrition composition,texture property,and gene expression related to muscle growth of hybrid groupers(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus\Epinephelus lanceolatus_).Groupers were fed to apparent satiation at 08:00 and 16:00 every day for a total of 56 days.It was found that the weight gain percentage in the HPM0,HPM3,and HPM6 groups did not differ(P>0.05).The cooking loss and drip loss of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were lower than those in the HPM6 and HPM9 groups(P<0.05).The hardness and chewiness of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were higher than those in the HPM0,HPM9,and HPM12 groups(P<0.05).The gumminess in the HPM3 group was higher than that in the HPM9 and HPM12 groups(P<0.05).The total essential amino acid content of the dorsal muscle in the HPM12 group was higher than that in the HPM0 group(P<0.05).The contents of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and total n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid,as well as the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the dorsal muscle was higher in the HPM0 group than in all other groups(P<0.05).The relative expressions of gene myogenic factor 5,myocyte enhancer factor 2c,myocyte enhancer factor 2a,myosin heavy chain,transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-b1),and follistatin(FST)were the highest in the dorsal muscle of the HPM3 group.The results indicated that the growth performance of hybrid grouper fed a diet with 6%HPM and 27%fish meal was as good as that of the HPM0 group.When fish ingested a diet containing 3%HPM,the expression of genes TGF-β1 and FST involved in muscle growth were upregulated,and then the muscle quality related to hardness and chewiness were improved.An appropriate amount of HPM could be better used in grouper feed.
基金This work was supported by open fund(PLN 1429)of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation(Southwest Petroleum University)the Natural Science Foundation(Project No.Province 596102A071)from the Sichuan Provincial Educational Department of China and projects material B026 and new material 046 from the Geological Research Institute of Shengli Oil Field,Sinopec Ltd.Corp.
文摘Rheological properties of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)solutions were measured in oscillatory and flow shear.In oscillatory shear the storage and loss moduli increased as the concentrations of the solutions increased,but they decreased as salinity increased.The relaxation spectra were plotted using the Kontogiorgos method.As shown in the relaxation spectra,the number of density of segmental units increased at first and then the peaks shifted and split into several as the concentration increased.With salinity increasing,the number of motion units increase and the peaks of segmental units became broader.In flow shear tests,the curves of viscosity versus shear rate were fitted by a power law equation.The result showed that the flow behavior index decreased with increasing concentration,while it generally increased with increasing of salinity.Furthermore,the first normal stress difference increased as the concentration was increased,while it decreased as the salinity was increased.The first normal stress differences measured by the rheometer were compared with the first normal stress differences calculated by the Laun equation and the results showed that Laun equation deviates the experimental results.
