摘要
This study aimed to develop hydrolyzed tuna blood powders(HTBP)with potential anti-apoptotic and muscle recovery properties.HTBP was produced alcalase,trypsin,and pepsin at concentrations of 0.5%,1.0%,and 1.5%.The physical and chemical properties of HTBP were evaluated.The results showed no significant difference in yield(p>0.05),with a range of 7.08%±0.78%to 9.26%±1.74%.HTBP produced with alcalase at all concentrations yielded a higher amount of protein(76.86%±0.5%–79.1%±1.10%)compared to trypsin and pepsin.Glutamic acid,cysteine,and aspartic acid were identified as the main amino acids in HTBP.The water solubility index of all HTBP was high(>90%).Antioxidant values increased with higher protein content.Hydrolyzed tuna blood with 0.5%alcalase(HTBPA)and 0.5%trypsin were selected for further investigation of their biological activities,assessed using C2C12 muscle cells under oxidative stress conditions induced by hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).In H_(2)O_(2)-induced C2C12 cells,HTBPA and HTBPT reduced nitric oxide(NO)secretion and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Furthermore,HTBPA and HTBPT significantly decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells in these H_(2)O_(2)-induced C2C12 cells.They also inhibited H_(2)O_(2)-induced apoptosis by modulating apoptosis-related proteins,including NF-κB,Bax,and caspase-3.Additionally,HTBPA and HTBPT suppressed the phosphorylation levels of key signaling proteins such as Akt,ERK1/2,and p38,thereby contributing to enhanced cell survival.These findings suggest that hydrolyzing tuna blood,waste of the canned tuna industry,can create a valuable ingredient for promoting muscle health.
