Using data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study selects 11,375 dual-spouse households as the research sample and constructs a comprehensive housework division index via the entropy weight method.T...Using data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study selects 11,375 dual-spouse households as the research sample and constructs a comprehensive housework division index via the entropy weight method.The index integrates four dimensions:participation subject,time allocation,content type,and fairness perception,aiming to explore the fairness level of housework division and group differences in Chinese households.The results show that the overall fairness of housework division in Chinese households is relatively low:the mean value of the index(after 10,000-fold linear expansion)is 0.0632,showing a significant right-skewed distribution,with most households concentrated in the"low-fairness"range and only a few achieving relatively balanced division.Significant group differences exist:rural households have a slightly higher housework division index(0.0659)than urban households(0.0608);male respondents have a higher index(0.0660)than female respondents(0.0603);and the high-education group has a significantly lower index(0.0501)than the low-education group(0.0653).The fairness of housework division is jointly influenced by structural factors and perceptual factors,with an obvious"concept-action gap":74.02%of respondents perceive housework division as"fair",but the low index level indicates this perception mostly stems from normative adaptation rather than objective balance.This study provides empirical evidence for optimizing family labor allocation and promoting gender equality.展开更多
Recently I’ve had a discussion with my classmates about whether teenagers should do housework. Some students say that many parents don’t let their daughters or sons do anything, because they hope that their children...Recently I’ve had a discussion with my classmates about whether teenagers should do housework. Some students say that many parents don’t let their daughters or sons do anything, because they hope that their children have more time for lessons so that they can go to university and then have good jobs. Some of us think that it’s a waste of time. Some think that they are too young not to①do anything. They think that the housework should be done by their parents. I don’t agree with it.展开更多
Background: This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of family health status on the relationship between involvement in housework of two-side parents’ families and happiness of middle-aged women in Taiwan...Background: This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of family health status on the relationship between involvement in housework of two-side parents’ families and happiness of middle-aged women in Taiwan. Methods: The data used in this study were gathered from the Ministry of Science and Technology’s program—“Intergenerational expectation and collaboration: an inquiry on a new mechanism of continued tradition across generations”. The subjects (n = 512) were restricted to aged 45 - 64 years old who live with spouses and have children, and one of whose parent or parent-in-law is still alive. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how family health status moderates the relationship between involvement in housework of parents’ families and parents-in-law’s families and the happiness of middle-aged women. Results: 1) Family health status is positively correlated with their happiness. 2) The parents’ health status can moderate the relationship between involvement in housework of parents’ families and happiness of the middle-aged women. 3) The middle-aged women’s health status can moderate the relationship between involvement in housework of parents-in-law’s families and those women’s happiness, and fathers-in-law’s health status can moderate the relationship between husbands’ involvement in housework of the women’s parents-in-law’s families and women’s happiness. Conclusions: In future, when policies and programs related to the well-being of middle-aged women are being planned, the effect of women’s health and family health status shall be considered as a key to improve those women’s quality of life.展开更多
Objectives To get a more comprehensive recognition about carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), especially the manual housework as its risk factor, and to facilitate early diagnosis and proper treatment. Methods 262 CTS pat...Objectives To get a more comprehensive recognition about carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), especially the manual housework as its risk factor, and to facilitate early diagnosis and proper treatment. Methods 262 CTS patients (396 CTS hands) were analyzed retrospectively. A 1∶1 matched case control study of 61 woman pairs in relationship between manual housework and the occurrence of CTS was carried out. Results In 262 CTS patients, 84% were female, and the dominant hand was more frequently affected; repetitive and forceful movement of the hand and wrist might be associated with CTS. Typical clinical manifestations include pain and paresthesia in the median nerve territory, but 75.3% of our 396 CTS hands had all five digits involved. Conduction abnormalities appeared selectively in the median nerve distal to the wrist. In the case control study, for manual washing, rolling or kneading dough, and knitting woolen sweater, the odds ratios (OR) of CTS between high and low intensities were 3.86 (95% confidence interval 1.79-8.33, χ 2=11.76, P< 0.01), 6.25 (95% confidence interval 2.50-15.63, χ 2=15.21, P<0.01) and 1.13 (95% confidence interval 0.57-2.22, χ 2=0.125, P>0.05) respectively; and those between long and short duration (i.e. the number of years engaging in these manual housework) were 2.33 (95% confidence interval 0.63-8.64, χ 2=1.6, P>0.05), 1.88 (95% confidence interval 0.81-4.38, χ 2=2.13, P>0.05) and 1 (χ 2=0, P>0.05). Conclusions The diagnosis of CTS requires confirmation of illness history, symptoms and signs with objective electrodiagnostic tests. Manual washing and rolling or kneading dough might be associated with the onset of CTS.展开更多
Today is my grandfather’s birthday.We have a big party.During the dinner,I say:"Happy birthday to you! I wish you good health and a long life."After the dinner,I say:"Let me wash the dishes."This ...Today is my grandfather’s birthday.We have a big party.During the dinner,I say:"Happy birthday to you! I wish you good health and a long life."After the dinner,I say:"Let me wash the dishes."This is my first time to do it! First,I put some water in the basin! Next,I展开更多
假设最近你和同学们就'学生应该做家务吗?'进行了讨论。有的同学认为做家务是父母的事,而且耽误学习时间,况且中学生年龄偏小,根本干不动繁重的家务活。你对此有何看法?请你以'Should Teenagers Do Housework?”为题,参照...假设最近你和同学们就'学生应该做家务吗?'进行了讨论。有的同学认为做家务是父母的事,而且耽误学习时间,况且中学生年龄偏小,根本干不动繁重的家务活。你对此有何看法?请你以'Should Teenagers Do Housework?”为题,参照表内所提供的信息,写一篇英语短文。展开更多
Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them mo...Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them more often,and share our joys and sorrows with them.Secondly,we can show our respect by doing small daily things.For example,we can help with housework.Simple things like washing dishes or taking out the rubbish can show our love.More importantly,we should work hard and take good care of ourselves.展开更多
一、阅读理解主题:人与自我——生活与学习建立用时:8分钟As we know,doing housework is helpful for tecnagers'development.Do teenagers in small villages do housework at home?How about the teenagers in big cities?To kno...一、阅读理解主题:人与自我——生活与学习建立用时:8分钟As we know,doing housework is helpful for tecnagers'development.Do teenagers in small villages do housework at home?How about the teenagers in big cities?To know the situation of teenagers doing housework,we made a survey last month.展开更多
The winter holiday is almost over.It was a wonderful time full of fun and interesting things.I helped my parents do housework.1 cleaned the rooms,washed the clothes,and rooked simple meals.It made my parents happy and...The winter holiday is almost over.It was a wonderful time full of fun and interesting things.I helped my parents do housework.1 cleaned the rooms,washed the clothes,and rooked simple meals.It made my parents happy and I also learned how to look after myself.I love reading.During the winter holiday,I spent a lot of time reading different kinds of hooks.展开更多
文摘Using data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study selects 11,375 dual-spouse households as the research sample and constructs a comprehensive housework division index via the entropy weight method.The index integrates four dimensions:participation subject,time allocation,content type,and fairness perception,aiming to explore the fairness level of housework division and group differences in Chinese households.The results show that the overall fairness of housework division in Chinese households is relatively low:the mean value of the index(after 10,000-fold linear expansion)is 0.0632,showing a significant right-skewed distribution,with most households concentrated in the"low-fairness"range and only a few achieving relatively balanced division.Significant group differences exist:rural households have a slightly higher housework division index(0.0659)than urban households(0.0608);male respondents have a higher index(0.0660)than female respondents(0.0603);and the high-education group has a significantly lower index(0.0501)than the low-education group(0.0653).The fairness of housework division is jointly influenced by structural factors and perceptual factors,with an obvious"concept-action gap":74.02%of respondents perceive housework division as"fair",but the low index level indicates this perception mostly stems from normative adaptation rather than objective balance.This study provides empirical evidence for optimizing family labor allocation and promoting gender equality.
文摘Recently I’ve had a discussion with my classmates about whether teenagers should do housework. Some students say that many parents don’t let their daughters or sons do anything, because they hope that their children have more time for lessons so that they can go to university and then have good jobs. Some of us think that it’s a waste of time. Some think that they are too young not to①do anything. They think that the housework should be done by their parents. I don’t agree with it.
文摘Background: This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of family health status on the relationship between involvement in housework of two-side parents’ families and happiness of middle-aged women in Taiwan. Methods: The data used in this study were gathered from the Ministry of Science and Technology’s program—“Intergenerational expectation and collaboration: an inquiry on a new mechanism of continued tradition across generations”. The subjects (n = 512) were restricted to aged 45 - 64 years old who live with spouses and have children, and one of whose parent or parent-in-law is still alive. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how family health status moderates the relationship between involvement in housework of parents’ families and parents-in-law’s families and the happiness of middle-aged women. Results: 1) Family health status is positively correlated with their happiness. 2) The parents’ health status can moderate the relationship between involvement in housework of parents’ families and happiness of the middle-aged women. 3) The middle-aged women’s health status can moderate the relationship between involvement in housework of parents-in-law’s families and those women’s happiness, and fathers-in-law’s health status can moderate the relationship between husbands’ involvement in housework of the women’s parents-in-law’s families and women’s happiness. Conclusions: In future, when policies and programs related to the well-being of middle-aged women are being planned, the effect of women’s health and family health status shall be considered as a key to improve those women’s quality of life.
文摘Objectives To get a more comprehensive recognition about carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), especially the manual housework as its risk factor, and to facilitate early diagnosis and proper treatment. Methods 262 CTS patients (396 CTS hands) were analyzed retrospectively. A 1∶1 matched case control study of 61 woman pairs in relationship between manual housework and the occurrence of CTS was carried out. Results In 262 CTS patients, 84% were female, and the dominant hand was more frequently affected; repetitive and forceful movement of the hand and wrist might be associated with CTS. Typical clinical manifestations include pain and paresthesia in the median nerve territory, but 75.3% of our 396 CTS hands had all five digits involved. Conduction abnormalities appeared selectively in the median nerve distal to the wrist. In the case control study, for manual washing, rolling or kneading dough, and knitting woolen sweater, the odds ratios (OR) of CTS between high and low intensities were 3.86 (95% confidence interval 1.79-8.33, χ 2=11.76, P< 0.01), 6.25 (95% confidence interval 2.50-15.63, χ 2=15.21, P<0.01) and 1.13 (95% confidence interval 0.57-2.22, χ 2=0.125, P>0.05) respectively; and those between long and short duration (i.e. the number of years engaging in these manual housework) were 2.33 (95% confidence interval 0.63-8.64, χ 2=1.6, P>0.05), 1.88 (95% confidence interval 0.81-4.38, χ 2=2.13, P>0.05) and 1 (χ 2=0, P>0.05). Conclusions The diagnosis of CTS requires confirmation of illness history, symptoms and signs with objective electrodiagnostic tests. Manual washing and rolling or kneading dough might be associated with the onset of CTS.
文摘Today is my grandfather’s birthday.We have a big party.During the dinner,I say:"Happy birthday to you! I wish you good health and a long life."After the dinner,I say:"Let me wash the dishes."This is my first time to do it! First,I put some water in the basin! Next,I
文摘Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them more often,and share our joys and sorrows with them.Secondly,we can show our respect by doing small daily things.For example,we can help with housework.Simple things like washing dishes or taking out the rubbish can show our love.More importantly,we should work hard and take good care of ourselves.
文摘一、阅读理解主题:人与自我——生活与学习建立用时:8分钟As we know,doing housework is helpful for tecnagers'development.Do teenagers in small villages do housework at home?How about the teenagers in big cities?To know the situation of teenagers doing housework,we made a survey last month.
文摘The winter holiday is almost over.It was a wonderful time full of fun and interesting things.I helped my parents do housework.1 cleaned the rooms,washed the clothes,and rooked simple meals.It made my parents happy and I also learned how to look after myself.I love reading.During the winter holiday,I spent a lot of time reading different kinds of hooks.
