Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree belonging to Ginkgo,Ginkgoaceae.It is often used to treat dizziness,tinnitus,vertigo,hyperlipidemia and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Bilobalide is a natural active compound derived ...Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree belonging to Ginkgo,Ginkgoaceae.It is often used to treat dizziness,tinnitus,vertigo,hyperlipidemia and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Bilobalide is a natural active compound derived from the leaves and fruits of G.biloba,which exhibits a range of pharmacological effects,including anti-inflammatory properties,obesity treatment,neuroprotection,and hepatoprotection.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the pharmacological actions and molecular mechanisms of bilobalide,with a particular focus on its roles in anti-inflammatory responses,metabolic regulation,neuroprotection,and hepatoprotection.Research has demonstrated that bilobalide exerts its pharmacological effects through the regulation of various signaling pathways,including AMPK/SIRT1/mTOR,STAT3,and Nrf-2/HO-1.This paper aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the further investigation,development,and application of bilobalide.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inf...BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.展开更多
Gentianopsis barbata(G.barbata)represents a significant plant species with considerable ornamental and medicinal value in China.This investigation sought to elucidate the primary constituents within the plant and inve...Gentianopsis barbata(G.barbata)represents a significant plant species with considerable ornamental and medicinal value in China.This investigation sought to elucidate the primary constituents within the plant and investigate their pharmacological properties.Fifty triterpenoids(1-50),including nine previously undescribed compounds(1,2,7,10,20,28,29,37,and 41)were isolated and characterized from the whole plants of G.barbata.Notably,compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the novel 3,4;9,10-diseco-24-homo-cycloartane triterpenoid skeleton.The isolated triterpenoids demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)cytokine secretion in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages,and hepatoprotective effects by preventing tertbutyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP)-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells.These results demonstrate both the presence of diverse triterpenoids in G.barbata and their therapeutic potential for inflammatory and hepatic conditions,providing scientific evidence supporting the clinical application of this traditional Mongolian medicinal plant.展开更多
Background:Colocasia esculenta(L.)Schott,known as the taro vegetable,possesses various beneficial effects and is traditionally used in folk medicine.This study explores the ameliorative antioxidant and hepatoprotectiv...Background:Colocasia esculenta(L.)Schott,known as the taro vegetable,possesses various beneficial effects and is traditionally used in folk medicine.This study explores the ameliorative antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of a methanolic extract of the C.esculenta flower(ME-CEF)against oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity in mice.Methods:The antioxidant efficacy of ME-CEF was assessed using 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic)(ABTS)and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging assay.The hepatoprotective effect was investigated by an assessment of liver injury indicators(amino transferase[ALT],aspartate amino transferase[AST],alkaline phosphatase[ALP],bilirubin,creatinine)and normalizing lipid profiles(cho-lesterol[CHO],triglyceride[TG],high-density lipoprotein[HDL],and low-density li-poprotein[LDL])along with histopathological study and antioxidant enzymes(CAT).A phytochemical analysis,both qualitative and quantitative,was conducted,including gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)analysis and an in silico molecular docking study.Results:The Result Showed that ME-CEF Possesses Moderate ABTS and DPPH Scavenging Activity with IC_(50) Values of 117.18 and 160.41μg/mL.As Illustrated by Reducing Liver Enzymes(ALT,AST,ALP,Bilirubin,Creatinine)and Lipid Profile(CHO,TG,LDL)and Raising HDL Levels(p<0.01),ME-CEF Dose Dependently Mitigated CCl_(4)-Induced Acute Liver Injury.Furthermore,ME-CEF Blocked Hepatic Oxidative Stress by Boosting Antioxidant Enzymes(CAT)and Preventing Liver Tissue Damage and Apoptosis.In Silico Investigations Also Showed a Promising Binding Affinity with Tumor Necrosis Factor α(TNF-α),Interleukin 6(IL-6),PRAP-1,and Xanthin Oxidoreductase,which Displayed Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Candidacy while Notable Safety and Efficacy Profile Was Also Documented through ADME/T Studies.Histopathological Analysis Showed Reduced Hepatocellular Necrosis and Vascular Congestion in Silymarin and Extract Groups.Conclusion:Based on these results,our findings strongly recommend the medicinal use of the plant,highlighting its antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials.展开更多
Background:Liver cancer,particularly hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),is a major global health concern,showing high recurrence and mortality rates.Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are key factors in the developm...Background:Liver cancer,particularly hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),is a major global health concern,showing high recurrence and mortality rates.Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are key factors in the development of HCC.Previous studies have shown that paracetamol,a common anti-inflammatory drug,preventsHCCby inhibiting the cyclooxygenase pathway and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of acetaminophen against diethylnitrosamine(DEN)–induced HCC in male rats.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats(5–6 weeks old,240–290 g)were divided into control and treatment groups(6 rats each).HCC was intraperitoneally induced with DEN(50 mg/kg body weight)in both groups once aweek for 10weeks.The treatment group also received acetaminophen(200 mg/kg per day)from one week before DEN administration until the 24th week.Liver function biomarkers(aspartate aminotransferase,alanine transaminase[ALT],α-fetoprotein,bilirubin,and albumin)were measured,and liver tissues histopathologically evaluated.Data were analyzed using SPSS software,using Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality and unpaired t tests for comparisons.Results:The acetaminophen group showed significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase,ALT,and bilirubin levels over time,which were higher than those of the control group(p<0.05).Rats in the control group exhibited substantial liver damage and early death,whereas those in the treatment group showed improved survival and liver function.Histopathological analysis revealed fewer necrotic and precancerous changes in the treatment group.Albumin levels were significantly associated with cirrhosis manifestation(p=0.005),and ALT and bilirubin levels correlated with precancerous conditions(p<0.05).Conclusions:Acetaminophen at 200 mg/kg body weight protected rat hepatocytes against DEN-induced liver damage and potential carcinogenesis.Our findings could serve as a basis for developing future research approaches in patients with HCC undergoing liver resection that are aimed at preventing recurrence and reducing inflammation.展开更多
By summarizing the pharmacological effects of pomegranate extract and its active components,such as punicalagin,punicalin,gallic acid,ellagic acid,caffeic acid,and chlorogenic acid,it is found that the extract exhibit...By summarizing the pharmacological effects of pomegranate extract and its active components,such as punicalagin,punicalin,gallic acid,ellagic acid,caffeic acid,and chlorogenic acid,it is found that the extract exhibits therapeutic effects on liver injury,viral hepatitis,metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,liver fibrosis,and liver cancer.Emerging evidence suggests that these natural products may alleviate liver diseases through multi-targeted therapeutic mechanisms,including anti-inflammation,anti-oxidative stress,immunoregulation,and anti-steatosis.The underlying mechanisms by which pomegranate exerts hepatoprotective activities may be attributed to the regulation of multiple signaling pathways,including P62/Nrf2,TGF-β1/Smad7,Wnt/β-catenin,MAPK/Nrf2,Nrf2/Keap1,Akt/FOXO3a,MAPK/NF-κB,etc.Consequently,pomegranate can serve as a functional food,nutritional supplement,or adjuvant in the modern treatment of liver diseases.展开更多
In recent years,the rapid evolution of cancer therapies has markedly increased patient survival rates.However,the incidence of adverse events caused by anticancer treatments remains high,leading to significant clinica...In recent years,the rapid evolution of cancer therapies has markedly increased patient survival rates.However,the incidence of adverse events caused by anticancer treatments remains high,leading to significant clinical challenges.As the central hub of drug metabolism and detoxification,the liver is susceptible to therapeutic insults.The specific mechanisms of liver injury caused by different types of antineoplastic treatments vary.Chemotherapy induces hepatic damage via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction,whereas targeted therapy disrupts signaling pathways in hepatic cells.Immunotherapy triggers immunemediated hepatitis through cytokine storms and immune cell infiltration,and radiation therapy causes hepatic microvascular injury.Additionally,patients with preexisting chronic liver diseases(such as cirrhosis,hepatitis B/C,or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease)are more likely to face increased risks of hepatic injury during cancer treatment.Therefore,early detection and timely treatment are crucial for these high-risk populations.This review introduces the emerging field of“oncohepatology”,which illuminates the mechanisms underlying hepatic injury due to cancer treatments,summarizes the influence and management of preexisting liver disease during cancer treatment,analyzes diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment-associated liver function damage,and discusses potential future research directions to provide valuable insights for liver injury management in clinical oncology.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of a crude extract from Gnetum montanum Markgr.on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity and metabolic disorders.Methods:Alcoholic liver disorder was induced in mice by administering incre...Objective:To investigate the effects of a crude extract from Gnetum montanum Markgr.on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity and metabolic disorders.Methods:Alcoholic liver disorder was induced in mice by administering increasing doses of ethanol via oral gavage.Biomarkers of liver injury and oxidative stress were assessed at the end of the study.Liver tissue damage and fat deposition were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining,respectively.In addition,key biomarkers were examined in acetaldehyde-treated HepG2 cells.Results:Ethanol consumption induced characteristic pathological changes,including elevated serum markers of liver injury,hepatic lipid accumulation,and oxidative stress in liver tissues.Oral administration of Gnetum montanum extract(175 and 350 mg/kg)decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,γ-glutamyl transferase,and bilirubin levels in ethanol-treated mice.The extract also lowered triglyceride levels in serum and liver tissue in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,it mitigated malondialdehyde levels,preserved reduced glutathione levels,and enhanced catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity in liver tissue homogenates.Additionally,ethanol-induced hyperuricemia was suppressed by Gnetum montanum extract by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity.Similar effects were observed in Gnetum montanum extract-treated HepG2 cells.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that Gnetum montanum extract alleviates ethanol-induced hepatic injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity.展开更多
Objective:To identify the hepatoprotective and in vitro antioxidant activity of Lumnitzera racemosa(L.racemosa) leaf extract.Methods:Animals in Group 1 served as vehicle control. Group 2 served as hepatotoxin(CCL_4 tr...Objective:To identify the hepatoprotective and in vitro antioxidant activity of Lumnitzera racemosa(L.racemosa) leaf extract.Methods:Animals in Group 1 served as vehicle control. Group 2 served as hepatotoxin(CCL_4 treated) group.Group 3 served as positive control(Silyntarin) group,and Group 4.S and ft served as(73,150 and 300 nig/kg bw p.o.)L.racemosa leaf extract treated groups.Moreover,in vitro antioxidant DPPH,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity(HRSA),NO,ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),lipid hydroperoxide(LPO) and super oxide dismutase(SOD) were also analyzed for the leaf extract.Results:The levels of the serum parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT).serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT).alkaline phosphatase(ALP),bilirubin,cholesterol(CHL).sugar and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were significantly increased in COL_4 treated rats when compared with the control group(P<0.05).But the L.racemosa leaf extract treated rats showed maximum reduction of SGOT[(210.16±19.63)IU/L].SGPT[(82.37±13.87) IU/L].ALP[(197.63±23.4.3)IU/L],bilurubilt[(2.13 ±0.84) mg/dL].cholesterol[(163.83± 13.63) mg/dL].sugar[(93.00±7.63) mg/dL]and LDH[(1134.00) ±285.00)IU/L]were observed with the high dose(300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats. Histopathological scores showed that,no visible changes were observed with high dose(300 mg/ kgbw) of leaf extract treated rats except few mild necrosis.The IC_(50) values were observed as(56.37 ±4.87)μg/mL,(57.68±1.98) μg/mL,(64.15±2.90)μg/mL,(61.94±3.98)μg/mL,(94.53± 1.68) μg/mL and(69.7±2.65)μg/mL for DPPH,HRSA,NO,FRAP,LPO and SOL) radical scavenging activities, respectively.Conclusions:In conclusion,the hepatoprotective effect of the L.racemosa leaf extract might be due to the presence of phenolic groups,terpenoids and alkaloids and in vitro antioxidant properties.展开更多
We investigated the potential hepatoprotective effect of Radix Bupleuri(RB) by inducing acute liver injury(ALI) in an animal model using acetaminophen(APAP) after pretreatment with RB aqueous extract for three consecu...We investigated the potential hepatoprotective effect of Radix Bupleuri(RB) by inducing acute liver injury(ALI) in an animal model using acetaminophen(APAP) after pretreatment with RB aqueous extract for three consecutive days. Compared to those of the APAP group, the biochemical and histological results of the RB pretreatment group showed lower serum aspartate transaminase(AST) and alanine transaminase(ALT) levels as well as less liver damage. Pharmacokinetic study of the toxicity related marker acetaminophen-cysteine(APC) revealed a lower exposure level in rats, suggesting that RB alleviated APAP-induced liver damage by preventing glutathione(GSH) depletion. The results of cocktail approach showed significant inhibition of CYP2 E1 and CYP3 A activity. Further investigation revealed the increasing of CYP2 E1 and CYP3 A protein was significantly inhibited in pretreatment group,while no obvious effect on gene expression was found. Therefore, this study clearly demonstrates that RB exhibited significant protective action against APAP-induced acute live injury via pretreatment, and which is partly through inhibiting the increase of activity and translation of cytochrome P450 enzymes, rather than gene transcription.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potentials of extracts,fractions or isolated compound from the leaves of Feronia limonia(F.limonia).Methods:Qualitative phytochemical analysis of extracts,fr...Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potentials of extracts,fractions or isolated compound from the leaves of Feronia limonia(F.limonia).Methods:Qualitative phytochemical analysis of extracts,fractions or compound was performed by means of thin layer chromatography and spectroscopic assays.The%purity of compound was measured by analytical HPLC.Extracts,fractions or compound have been individually evaluated for their cytotoxicity effects(10,20,100,250,500,750 and 1 000 μg/mL).Based on the inhibitory concentration(IC_(50)) obtained from the cell viability assay,graded concentrations of extracts,fractions or isolated compound were assessed(10,20,50,100,200 μg/mL) for its hepatoprotective potential against CCl_4-induced hepatotoxicity by monitoring activity levels of serum glutamatic pyruvatic transaminase(SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT).Results:Results indicated that the methanol extract of F.limonia was non-toxic and hepatoprotective in nature as compared with the petroleum ether extract.The acetone fraction of methanolic extract also showed similar properties but the subsequent two fractions were cytotoxic.However,the pure compound isolated from the penultimate fraction of methanolic extract was non-toxic and hepatoprotective in nature.Biochemical investigations(SCOT,SCPT) further corroborated these cytological observations.Conclusions:It can be concluded from this study that F.limonia methanol extract,some fractions and pure isolated compound herein exhibit hepatoprotective activity.However,cytotoxicity recorded in the penultimate fraction and investigation of structural details of pure compound warrants further study.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is commonly used in treating liver diseases worldwide, especially in China. The advantages of using TCM for treatment of liver diseases include： protecting hepatocytes, inhibiting...Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is commonly used in treating liver diseases worldwide, especially in China. The advantages of using TCM for treatment of liver diseases include： protecting hepatocytes, inhibiting hepatic inflammation and antifibrosis in the liver. In this article, we introduce TCM herbal preparations from the Chinese materia medica （such as Fuzheng Huayu） that are typically used for the treatment of liver diseases. Literature surrounding the mechanisms of TCM therapy for treatment of liver diseases is presented and discussed. We propose that side effects of herbal compounds are often under-appreciated, and that more care should be taken in the prescription of potentially hepatotoxic medicines. Further, to deepen the understanding of TCM mechanisms, new techniques and methodologies must be developed. Future studies will lead to the enhancement of clinical outcomes of TCM. As complementary and alternative therapies, TCMs will play an expanding role in the future of liver disease treatment.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous leaf extract of Enicoslemma littorale(E.littorale)Blume(Ens)against ethanol induced hepatic injury in albino rats.Methods:Male albino rats...Objective:To investigate the hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous leaf extract of Enicoslemma littorale(E.littorale)Blume(Ens)against ethanol induced hepatic injury in albino rats.Methods:Male albino rats of six numbers in each group were undertaken for study.Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect of E.littorale Blume(Ens)aqueous leaf extract at a dosage of 250 mg/kg bw was evaluated.Results:Levels of serum and tissue cholesterol,triglycerides and free fatty acids were elevated and levels of tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)and lipid hydroperoxide were increased in ethanol treated rats.The activity levels of liver antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GPX)and glutathione-s-transferase(GST)were decreased.After adiminstration of extract of E,littorale Blume,levels of cholesterol,triglycerides and free fatty acids were decreased in serum and liver tissue,levels of TBARS and lipid hydroperoxide were decreased,and Ever antioxidant enzymes were increased in liver tissue;Conclusions:It can be concluded that the aqueous leaf extract of E,littorale Blume(Ens)has potent restorative effect on hyperlipidaemic and oxidative stress.展开更多
AIM: To study the hepatoprotective capacity of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) and Rheum emodi (R. emodi) extracts in CCl4 treated male rats. METHODS: The dried powder of S. mukorossi and R. emodi was extracted succ...AIM: To study the hepatoprotective capacity of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) and Rheum emodi (R. emodi) extracts in CCl4 treated male rats. METHODS: The dried powder of S. mukorossi and R. emodi was extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, and ethanol and concentrated in vacuum. Primary rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures were used for in vitro studies. In vivo, the hepatoprotective capacity of the extract of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi and the rhizomes of R. emodi was analyzed in liver injured CCl4-treated male rats. RESULTS: In vitro: primary hepatocytes monolayer cultures were treated with CCl4 and extracts of S. mukorossi & R. emodi. A protective activity could be demonstrated in the CCl4 damaged primary monolayer culture. In vivo : extracts of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi (2.5 mg/mL) and rhizomes of R. emodi (3.0 mg/mL) were found to have protective properties in rats with CCl4 induced liver damage as judged from serum marker enzyme activities. CONCLUSION: The extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi do have a protective capacity both in vitro on primary hepatocytes cultures and in in vivo in a rat model of CCl4 mediated liver injury.展开更多
AIM To investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Cortex Dictamni aqueous extract(CDAE) in carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.METHODS The in vitro antioxidant effect of CDAE was i...AIM To investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Cortex Dictamni aqueous extract(CDAE) in carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.METHODS The in vitro antioxidant effect of CDAE was investigated using α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS), β-carotene bleaching, reducing power, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assays. A linoleic acid system, including ferric thiocyanate(FTC) and thiobarbituric acid(TBA) assays, was used to evaluate the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of CDAEagainst CCl4-induced liver damage were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Silymarin was used as a positive control. Liver damage was assessed by determining hepatic histopathology and liver marker enzymes in serum. Enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant levels and lipid peroxide content were measured in the liver. Cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1) protein expression was measured via immunohistochemical staining. Nuclear factor E2-related factor(Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytic subunit(γ-GCSc) protein expression was measured by Western blot.RESULTS Our results showed that CDAE exhibited a strong antioxidant activity in vitro. CDAE scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals in a dose-dependent manner. CDAE inhibited lipid peroxidation with a lipid peroxide inhibition rate of 40.6% ± 5.2%. In the FTC and TBA assays, CDAE significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation(P < 0.01). In vivo histopathological studies indicated that CCl4-induced liver injury was alleviated following CDAE treatment in rats of both sexes. CDAE(160 and 320 mg/kg) significantly prevented CCl4-induced elevations of alkaline phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels in rats of both sexes(P < 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001). Moreover, CDAE restored the decreased activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as non-enzyme antioxidant glutathione, which were induced by CCl4 treatment. CDAE significantly suppressed the up-regulation of CYP2E1 and promoted Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and γ-GCSc protein expression.CONCLUSION CDAE exhibits good antioxidant performance in vitro, with marked radical-scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities. CDAE is effective in preventing CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats of both sexes. The hepatoprotective activity of CDAE may be attributable to its antioxidant activity, which may involve Keap1-Nrf2-mediated antioxidant regulation.展开更多
The hepatoprotective potential of earthworm extract (EE) (Lampito mauritii, Kinberg) was evaluated against paracetamol-induced liver injury in Wistar albino rat, in comparison with silymarin, the standard hepatoprotec...The hepatoprotective potential of earthworm extract (EE) (Lampito mauritii, Kinberg) was evaluated against paracetamol-induced liver injury in Wistar albino rat, in comparison with silymarin, the standard hepatoprotective drug. We observed a reduction in liver antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) and in serum total protein, and an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum aspertate aminotranferase (AST), serum alanine aminotranferase (ALT), bilirubin and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) due to liver injury in the paracetamol-administered rats (2 g/kg). On the contrary, increased activities of liver GSH, SOD, GPx, CAT and serum total protein level, and decrease in the contents of serum ALP, AST, ALT, bilirubin and liver TBARS were observed in rats administered with different doses of EE (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg), which are similar to the activities of hepato-protective drug silymarin (150 mg/kg). The mode of action of EE as evidenced by the above parameters may suggest that EE, on the one hand, prevents the formation of the reactive oxygen groups, or scavenges these groups, thereby preventing the damage on the hepatic cells, and, on the other hand, modulates the genes responsible for synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, CAT and SOD in liver tissue and decreases the serum enzymatic activities such as ALP, AST and ALT.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the ability of Curcuma Ionga （CL） and Tinospora cordifolia （TC） formulation to prevent anti-tuberculosis （TB） treatment （ATT） induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS： Patients with active TB diagnos...AIM： To evaluate the ability of Curcuma Ionga （CL） and Tinospora cordifolia （TC） formulation to prevent anti-tuberculosis （TB） treatment （ATT） induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS： Patients with active TB diagnosis were randomized to a drug control group and a trial group on drugs plus an herbal formulation. Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for first 2 mo followed by continuation phase therapy excluding Pyrazinamide for 4 mo comprised the anti-tuberculous treatment. Curcumin enriched （25%） CL and a hydro-ethanolic extract enriched （50%） TC 1 g each divided in two doses comprised the herbal adjuvant. Hemogram, bilirubin and liver enzymes were tested initially and monthly till the end of study to evaluate the result. RESULTS： Incidence and severity of hepatotoxicity was significantly lower in trial group （incidence： 27/192 vs 2/316, P 〈 0.0001）. Mean aspartate transaminase （AST） （195.93 ± 108.74 vs 85 ± 4.24, P 〈 0.0001）, alanine transaminase （ALT） （75.74 ± 26.54 vs 41 ± 1.41, P 〈 0.0001） and serum bilirubin （5.4 ±3.38 vs 1.5 ±0.42, P 〈 0.0001）. A lesser sputum positivity ratio at the end of 4 wk （10/67 vs 4/137, P = 0.0068） and decreased incidence of poorly resolved parenchymal lesion at the end of the treatment （9/152 vs 2/278, P = 0.0037） was observed. Improved patient compliance was indicated by nil drop-out in trial vs 10/192 in control group （P 〈 0.0001）. CONCLUSION： The herbal formulation prevented hepatotoxicity significantly and improved the disease outcome as well as patient compliance without any toxicity or side effects.展开更多
The liver is one of the most important organs in the body,performing a fundamental role in the regulationof diverse processes,among which the metabolism,secretion,storage,and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous...The liver is one of the most important organs in the body,performing a fundamental role in the regulationof diverse processes,among which the metabolism,secretion,storage,and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substances are prominent.Due to these functions,hepatic diseases continue to be among the main threats to public health,and they remain problems throughout the world.Despite enormous advances in modern medicine,there are no completely effective drugs that stimulate hepatic function,that offer complete protection of the organ,or that help to regenerate hepatic cells.Thus,it is necessary to identify pharmaceutical alternatives for the treatment of liver diseases,with the aim of these alternatives being more effective and less toxic.The use of some plants and the consumption of different fruits have played basic roles in human health care,and diverse scientific investigations have indicated that,in those plants and fruits so identified,their beneficial effects can be attributed to the presence of chemical compounds that are called phytochemicals.The present review had as its objective the collecting of data based on research conducted into some fruits(grapefruit,cranberries,and grapes)and plants[cactus pear(nopal)and cactus pear fruit,chamomile,silymarin,and spirulina],which are consumed frequently by humans and which have demonstrated hepatoprotective capacity,as well as an analysis of a resin(propolis)and some phytochemicals extracted from fruits,plants,yeasts,and algae,which have been evaluated in different models of hepatotoxicity.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of lycopene(Ly) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in rat. METHODS A rat model of NAFLD was first established by feeding a high-fat diet for 14 wk. Sixty-five rats ...AIM To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of lycopene(Ly) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in rat. METHODS A rat model of NAFLD was first established by feeding a high-fat diet for 14 wk. Sixty-five rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and Ly treatment groups. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(TC) in serum and low density lipoproteincholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), free fatty acid(FFA), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH) in liver tissue were evaluated, respectively. While the hepatoprotective effect was also confirmed by histopathological analysis, the expression levels of TNF-α and cytochrome P450(CYP) 2E1 in rat liver were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis.RESULTS A significant decrease was observed in the levels of serum AST(2.07-fold), ALT(2.95-fold), and the blood lipid TG(2.34-fold) and TC(1.66-fold) in the dose of 20 mg/kg Ly-treated rats(P < 0.01), compared to the model group. Pretreatment with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of Ly significantly raised the levels of antioxidant enzyme SOD in a dose-dependent manner,to 90.95 ± 9.56, 109.52 ± 11.34 and 121.25 ± 10.68(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), as compared with the model group. Similarly, the levels of GSH were significantly increased(P < 0.05, P < 0.01) after the Ly treatment. Meanwhile, pretreatment with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of Ly significantly reduced MDA amount by 30.87, 45.51 and 54.49% in the liver homogenates, respectively(P < 0.01). The Ly treatment group showed significantly decreased levels of lipid products LDL-C(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), improved HDL-C level and significantly decreased content of FFA, compared to the model group(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Ly-treated group also exhibited a down-regulated TNF-α and CYP2E1 expression, decreased infiltration of liver fats and reversed histopathological changes, all in a dosedependent manner(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study suggests that Ly has a protective effect on NAFLD, down-regulates expression of TNF-α, and that CYP2E1 may be one of the action mechanisms for Ly.展开更多
Objective:To assess the In vivo anlioxid Fanl and hepaloproleclive activity of metlianolic exlracl of Daucus carota(D.carota) seeds in experimental animals.Methods:Methanolic extracts of D.carota seeds is used for hep...Objective:To assess the In vivo anlioxid Fanl and hepaloproleclive activity of metlianolic exlracl of Daucus carota(D.carota) seeds in experimental animals.Methods:Methanolic extracts of D.carota seeds is used for hepatoproleclion assessment.Oxidative stress were induced in rats by thioacetamide 100 nig/kg s.c.in four groups of rats(two test,standard and toxic control). Two test groups received D.carota seeds extract[DCSE) at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Standard group received silymarin(25 mg/kg) and toxic control received only thioacetamide. Control group received only vehicle.On the 8th day animals were sacrificed and liver enzyme like serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT),serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(SCOT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)were estimated in blood serum and antioxidant enzyme like superoxide disnuituse(SOD),cululase(CAT),glutathione reductase(CKD),glutathione peroxidase(GPX),glutalhione-S-transferase(GST)and lipid peroxidation(LPO)were estimated in liver homogcnatc.Results:A significant decrease in SGPT,SCOT and ALP levels was observed in all drug treated groups as compared to thioacetamide group(P<0.001) and in case of antioxidant enzyme a significant(P<0.001) increase in SOD.CAT,GRD,GPX and GST was observed in all dmg treated groups as compared with thioacetamide group.But in case of LPO a significant(P <0.001) reduction was observed as compared to toxic control group.Conclusions:DCSE has contributed lo the reduction of oxidative stress and the protection of liver in experimental rals.展开更多
基金Supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Key Research and Development Plan Guidance Project(GZ20220039)Central Government Supports Local College Reform and Development Fund Talent Training Projects(2020GSP16).
文摘Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree belonging to Ginkgo,Ginkgoaceae.It is often used to treat dizziness,tinnitus,vertigo,hyperlipidemia and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Bilobalide is a natural active compound derived from the leaves and fruits of G.biloba,which exhibits a range of pharmacological effects,including anti-inflammatory properties,obesity treatment,neuroprotection,and hepatoprotection.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the pharmacological actions and molecular mechanisms of bilobalide,with a particular focus on its roles in anti-inflammatory responses,metabolic regulation,neuroprotection,and hepatoprotection.Research has demonstrated that bilobalide exerts its pharmacological effects through the regulation of various signaling pathways,including AMPK/SIRT1/mTOR,STAT3,and Nrf-2/HO-1.This paper aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the further investigation,development,and application of bilobalide.
文摘BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21937006,U23A20510,82204245,82222072,and U24A20806)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB1230000)the Research Project of Yunnan Province(Nos.202401BC070016 and 202402AA310047)。
文摘Gentianopsis barbata(G.barbata)represents a significant plant species with considerable ornamental and medicinal value in China.This investigation sought to elucidate the primary constituents within the plant and investigate their pharmacological properties.Fifty triterpenoids(1-50),including nine previously undescribed compounds(1,2,7,10,20,28,29,37,and 41)were isolated and characterized from the whole plants of G.barbata.Notably,compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the novel 3,4;9,10-diseco-24-homo-cycloartane triterpenoid skeleton.The isolated triterpenoids demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)cytokine secretion in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages,and hepatoprotective effects by preventing tertbutyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP)-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells.These results demonstrate both the presence of diverse triterpenoids in G.barbata and their therapeutic potential for inflammatory and hepatic conditions,providing scientific evidence supporting the clinical application of this traditional Mongolian medicinal plant.
基金partially funded by the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) as an R&D project work of the 2022–2023 fiscal year,reference no.:39.02.0000.011.14.157.2022/172 (Date:10.11.2022).
文摘Background:Colocasia esculenta(L.)Schott,known as the taro vegetable,possesses various beneficial effects and is traditionally used in folk medicine.This study explores the ameliorative antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of a methanolic extract of the C.esculenta flower(ME-CEF)against oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity in mice.Methods:The antioxidant efficacy of ME-CEF was assessed using 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic)(ABTS)and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging assay.The hepatoprotective effect was investigated by an assessment of liver injury indicators(amino transferase[ALT],aspartate amino transferase[AST],alkaline phosphatase[ALP],bilirubin,creatinine)and normalizing lipid profiles(cho-lesterol[CHO],triglyceride[TG],high-density lipoprotein[HDL],and low-density li-poprotein[LDL])along with histopathological study and antioxidant enzymes(CAT).A phytochemical analysis,both qualitative and quantitative,was conducted,including gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)analysis and an in silico molecular docking study.Results:The Result Showed that ME-CEF Possesses Moderate ABTS and DPPH Scavenging Activity with IC_(50) Values of 117.18 and 160.41μg/mL.As Illustrated by Reducing Liver Enzymes(ALT,AST,ALP,Bilirubin,Creatinine)and Lipid Profile(CHO,TG,LDL)and Raising HDL Levels(p<0.01),ME-CEF Dose Dependently Mitigated CCl_(4)-Induced Acute Liver Injury.Furthermore,ME-CEF Blocked Hepatic Oxidative Stress by Boosting Antioxidant Enzymes(CAT)and Preventing Liver Tissue Damage and Apoptosis.In Silico Investigations Also Showed a Promising Binding Affinity with Tumor Necrosis Factor α(TNF-α),Interleukin 6(IL-6),PRAP-1,and Xanthin Oxidoreductase,which Displayed Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Candidacy while Notable Safety and Efficacy Profile Was Also Documented through ADME/T Studies.Histopathological Analysis Showed Reduced Hepatocellular Necrosis and Vascular Congestion in Silymarin and Extract Groups.Conclusion:Based on these results,our findings strongly recommend the medicinal use of the plant,highlighting its antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials.
文摘Background:Liver cancer,particularly hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),is a major global health concern,showing high recurrence and mortality rates.Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are key factors in the development of HCC.Previous studies have shown that paracetamol,a common anti-inflammatory drug,preventsHCCby inhibiting the cyclooxygenase pathway and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of acetaminophen against diethylnitrosamine(DEN)–induced HCC in male rats.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats(5–6 weeks old,240–290 g)were divided into control and treatment groups(6 rats each).HCC was intraperitoneally induced with DEN(50 mg/kg body weight)in both groups once aweek for 10weeks.The treatment group also received acetaminophen(200 mg/kg per day)from one week before DEN administration until the 24th week.Liver function biomarkers(aspartate aminotransferase,alanine transaminase[ALT],α-fetoprotein,bilirubin,and albumin)were measured,and liver tissues histopathologically evaluated.Data were analyzed using SPSS software,using Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality and unpaired t tests for comparisons.Results:The acetaminophen group showed significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase,ALT,and bilirubin levels over time,which were higher than those of the control group(p<0.05).Rats in the control group exhibited substantial liver damage and early death,whereas those in the treatment group showed improved survival and liver function.Histopathological analysis revealed fewer necrotic and precancerous changes in the treatment group.Albumin levels were significantly associated with cirrhosis manifestation(p=0.005),and ALT and bilirubin levels correlated with precancerous conditions(p<0.05).Conclusions:Acetaminophen at 200 mg/kg body weight protected rat hepatocytes against DEN-induced liver damage and potential carcinogenesis.Our findings could serve as a basis for developing future research approaches in patients with HCC undergoing liver resection that are aimed at preventing recurrence and reducing inflammation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573563)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Research in Southwest Minzu University(2024CXTD16)the Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Team Project(2023ZD05).
文摘By summarizing the pharmacological effects of pomegranate extract and its active components,such as punicalagin,punicalin,gallic acid,ellagic acid,caffeic acid,and chlorogenic acid,it is found that the extract exhibits therapeutic effects on liver injury,viral hepatitis,metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,liver fibrosis,and liver cancer.Emerging evidence suggests that these natural products may alleviate liver diseases through multi-targeted therapeutic mechanisms,including anti-inflammation,anti-oxidative stress,immunoregulation,and anti-steatosis.The underlying mechanisms by which pomegranate exerts hepatoprotective activities may be attributed to the regulation of multiple signaling pathways,including P62/Nrf2,TGF-β1/Smad7,Wnt/β-catenin,MAPK/Nrf2,Nrf2/Keap1,Akt/FOXO3a,MAPK/NF-κB,etc.Consequently,pomegranate can serve as a functional food,nutritional supplement,or adjuvant in the modern treatment of liver diseases.
文摘In recent years,the rapid evolution of cancer therapies has markedly increased patient survival rates.However,the incidence of adverse events caused by anticancer treatments remains high,leading to significant clinical challenges.As the central hub of drug metabolism and detoxification,the liver is susceptible to therapeutic insults.The specific mechanisms of liver injury caused by different types of antineoplastic treatments vary.Chemotherapy induces hepatic damage via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction,whereas targeted therapy disrupts signaling pathways in hepatic cells.Immunotherapy triggers immunemediated hepatitis through cytokine storms and immune cell infiltration,and radiation therapy causes hepatic microvascular injury.Additionally,patients with preexisting chronic liver diseases(such as cirrhosis,hepatitis B/C,or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease)are more likely to face increased risks of hepatic injury during cancer treatment.Therefore,early detection and timely treatment are crucial for these high-risk populations.This review introduces the emerging field of“oncohepatology”,which illuminates the mechanisms underlying hepatic injury due to cancer treatments,summarizes the influence and management of preexisting liver disease during cancer treatment,analyzes diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment-associated liver function damage,and discusses potential future research directions to provide valuable insights for liver injury management in clinical oncology.
基金funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development under grant number 108.05-2023.23.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of a crude extract from Gnetum montanum Markgr.on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity and metabolic disorders.Methods:Alcoholic liver disorder was induced in mice by administering increasing doses of ethanol via oral gavage.Biomarkers of liver injury and oxidative stress were assessed at the end of the study.Liver tissue damage and fat deposition were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining,respectively.In addition,key biomarkers were examined in acetaldehyde-treated HepG2 cells.Results:Ethanol consumption induced characteristic pathological changes,including elevated serum markers of liver injury,hepatic lipid accumulation,and oxidative stress in liver tissues.Oral administration of Gnetum montanum extract(175 and 350 mg/kg)decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,γ-glutamyl transferase,and bilirubin levels in ethanol-treated mice.The extract also lowered triglyceride levels in serum and liver tissue in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,it mitigated malondialdehyde levels,preserved reduced glutathione levels,and enhanced catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity in liver tissue homogenates.Additionally,ethanol-induced hyperuricemia was suppressed by Gnetum montanum extract by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity.Similar effects were observed in Gnetum montanum extract-treated HepG2 cells.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that Gnetum montanum extract alleviates ethanol-induced hepatic injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity.
文摘Objective:To identify the hepatoprotective and in vitro antioxidant activity of Lumnitzera racemosa(L.racemosa) leaf extract.Methods:Animals in Group 1 served as vehicle control. Group 2 served as hepatotoxin(CCL_4 treated) group.Group 3 served as positive control(Silyntarin) group,and Group 4.S and ft served as(73,150 and 300 nig/kg bw p.o.)L.racemosa leaf extract treated groups.Moreover,in vitro antioxidant DPPH,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity(HRSA),NO,ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),lipid hydroperoxide(LPO) and super oxide dismutase(SOD) were also analyzed for the leaf extract.Results:The levels of the serum parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT).serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT).alkaline phosphatase(ALP),bilirubin,cholesterol(CHL).sugar and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were significantly increased in COL_4 treated rats when compared with the control group(P<0.05).But the L.racemosa leaf extract treated rats showed maximum reduction of SGOT[(210.16±19.63)IU/L].SGPT[(82.37±13.87) IU/L].ALP[(197.63±23.4.3)IU/L],bilurubilt[(2.13 ±0.84) mg/dL].cholesterol[(163.83± 13.63) mg/dL].sugar[(93.00±7.63) mg/dL]and LDH[(1134.00) ±285.00)IU/L]were observed with the high dose(300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats. Histopathological scores showed that,no visible changes were observed with high dose(300 mg/ kgbw) of leaf extract treated rats except few mild necrosis.The IC_(50) values were observed as(56.37 ±4.87)μg/mL,(57.68±1.98) μg/mL,(64.15±2.90)μg/mL,(61.94±3.98)μg/mL,(94.53± 1.68) μg/mL and(69.7±2.65)μg/mL for DPPH,HRSA,NO,FRAP,LPO and SOL) radical scavenging activities, respectively.Conclusions:In conclusion,the hepatoprotective effect of the L.racemosa leaf extract might be due to the presence of phenolic groups,terpenoids and alkaloids and in vitro antioxidant properties.
基金supported by State Project for Essential Drug Research and Development of China(No.20152X09303001)
文摘We investigated the potential hepatoprotective effect of Radix Bupleuri(RB) by inducing acute liver injury(ALI) in an animal model using acetaminophen(APAP) after pretreatment with RB aqueous extract for three consecutive days. Compared to those of the APAP group, the biochemical and histological results of the RB pretreatment group showed lower serum aspartate transaminase(AST) and alanine transaminase(ALT) levels as well as less liver damage. Pharmacokinetic study of the toxicity related marker acetaminophen-cysteine(APC) revealed a lower exposure level in rats, suggesting that RB alleviated APAP-induced liver damage by preventing glutathione(GSH) depletion. The results of cocktail approach showed significant inhibition of CYP2 E1 and CYP3 A activity. Further investigation revealed the increasing of CYP2 E1 and CYP3 A protein was significantly inhibited in pretreatment group,while no obvious effect on gene expression was found. Therefore, this study clearly demonstrates that RB exhibited significant protective action against APAP-induced acute live injury via pretreatment, and which is partly through inhibiting the increase of activity and translation of cytochrome P450 enzymes, rather than gene transcription.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potentials of extracts,fractions or isolated compound from the leaves of Feronia limonia(F.limonia).Methods:Qualitative phytochemical analysis of extracts,fractions or compound was performed by means of thin layer chromatography and spectroscopic assays.The%purity of compound was measured by analytical HPLC.Extracts,fractions or compound have been individually evaluated for their cytotoxicity effects(10,20,100,250,500,750 and 1 000 μg/mL).Based on the inhibitory concentration(IC_(50)) obtained from the cell viability assay,graded concentrations of extracts,fractions or isolated compound were assessed(10,20,50,100,200 μg/mL) for its hepatoprotective potential against CCl_4-induced hepatotoxicity by monitoring activity levels of serum glutamatic pyruvatic transaminase(SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT).Results:Results indicated that the methanol extract of F.limonia was non-toxic and hepatoprotective in nature as compared with the petroleum ether extract.The acetone fraction of methanolic extract also showed similar properties but the subsequent two fractions were cytotoxic.However,the pure compound isolated from the penultimate fraction of methanolic extract was non-toxic and hepatoprotective in nature.Biochemical investigations(SCOT,SCPT) further corroborated these cytological observations.Conclusions:It can be concluded from this study that F.limonia methanol extract,some fractions and pure isolated compound herein exhibit hepatoprotective activity.However,cytotoxicity recorded in the penultimate fraction and investigation of structural details of pure compound warrants further study.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(No.2006CB504800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30271657 and No.30672489)+3 种基金Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.J50307)Innovation Research Team in Universities,Shanghai Municipal Education CommissionLeading Academic Discipline of Hepatology of State Administration of TCM China(No.2010sh)Three-year Action Plan of Shanghai TCM Development(No.ZYSNXD-CC-YJXYY)
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is commonly used in treating liver diseases worldwide, especially in China. The advantages of using TCM for treatment of liver diseases include： protecting hepatocytes, inhibiting hepatic inflammation and antifibrosis in the liver. In this article, we introduce TCM herbal preparations from the Chinese materia medica （such as Fuzheng Huayu） that are typically used for the treatment of liver diseases. Literature surrounding the mechanisms of TCM therapy for treatment of liver diseases is presented and discussed. We propose that side effects of herbal compounds are often under-appreciated, and that more care should be taken in the prescription of potentially hepatotoxic medicines. Further, to deepen the understanding of TCM mechanisms, new techniques and methodologies must be developed. Future studies will lead to the enhancement of clinical outcomes of TCM. As complementary and alternative therapies, TCMs will play an expanding role in the future of liver disease treatment.
文摘Objective:To investigate the hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous leaf extract of Enicoslemma littorale(E.littorale)Blume(Ens)against ethanol induced hepatic injury in albino rats.Methods:Male albino rats of six numbers in each group were undertaken for study.Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect of E.littorale Blume(Ens)aqueous leaf extract at a dosage of 250 mg/kg bw was evaluated.Results:Levels of serum and tissue cholesterol,triglycerides and free fatty acids were elevated and levels of tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)and lipid hydroperoxide were increased in ethanol treated rats.The activity levels of liver antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GPX)and glutathione-s-transferase(GST)were decreased.After adiminstration of extract of E,littorale Blume,levels of cholesterol,triglycerides and free fatty acids were decreased in serum and liver tissue,levels of TBARS and lipid hydroperoxide were decreased,and Ever antioxidant enzymes were increased in liver tissue;Conclusions:It can be concluded that the aqueous leaf extract of E,littorale Blume(Ens)has potent restorative effect on hyperlipidaemic and oxidative stress.
文摘AIM: To study the hepatoprotective capacity of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) and Rheum emodi (R. emodi) extracts in CCl4 treated male rats. METHODS: The dried powder of S. mukorossi and R. emodi was extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, and ethanol and concentrated in vacuum. Primary rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures were used for in vitro studies. In vivo, the hepatoprotective capacity of the extract of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi and the rhizomes of R. emodi was analyzed in liver injured CCl4-treated male rats. RESULTS: In vitro: primary hepatocytes monolayer cultures were treated with CCl4 and extracts of S. mukorossi & R. emodi. A protective activity could be demonstrated in the CCl4 damaged primary monolayer culture. In vivo : extracts of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi (2.5 mg/mL) and rhizomes of R. emodi (3.0 mg/mL) were found to have protective properties in rats with CCl4 induced liver damage as judged from serum marker enzyme activities. CONCLUSION: The extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi do have a protective capacity both in vitro on primary hepatocytes cultures and in in vivo in a rat model of CCl4 mediated liver injury.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major New Drugs Project of China,No.2012ZX09103201-012
文摘AIM To investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Cortex Dictamni aqueous extract(CDAE) in carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.METHODS The in vitro antioxidant effect of CDAE was investigated using α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS), β-carotene bleaching, reducing power, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assays. A linoleic acid system, including ferric thiocyanate(FTC) and thiobarbituric acid(TBA) assays, was used to evaluate the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of CDAEagainst CCl4-induced liver damage were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Silymarin was used as a positive control. Liver damage was assessed by determining hepatic histopathology and liver marker enzymes in serum. Enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant levels and lipid peroxide content were measured in the liver. Cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1) protein expression was measured via immunohistochemical staining. Nuclear factor E2-related factor(Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytic subunit(γ-GCSc) protein expression was measured by Western blot.RESULTS Our results showed that CDAE exhibited a strong antioxidant activity in vitro. CDAE scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals in a dose-dependent manner. CDAE inhibited lipid peroxidation with a lipid peroxide inhibition rate of 40.6% ± 5.2%. In the FTC and TBA assays, CDAE significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation(P < 0.01). In vivo histopathological studies indicated that CCl4-induced liver injury was alleviated following CDAE treatment in rats of both sexes. CDAE(160 and 320 mg/kg) significantly prevented CCl4-induced elevations of alkaline phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels in rats of both sexes(P < 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001). Moreover, CDAE restored the decreased activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as non-enzyme antioxidant glutathione, which were induced by CCl4 treatment. CDAE significantly suppressed the up-regulation of CYP2E1 and promoted Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and γ-GCSc protein expression.CONCLUSION CDAE exhibits good antioxidant performance in vitro, with marked radical-scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities. CDAE is effective in preventing CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats of both sexes. The hepatoprotective activity of CDAE may be attributable to its antioxidant activity, which may involve Keap1-Nrf2-mediated antioxidant regulation.
文摘The hepatoprotective potential of earthworm extract (EE) (Lampito mauritii, Kinberg) was evaluated against paracetamol-induced liver injury in Wistar albino rat, in comparison with silymarin, the standard hepatoprotective drug. We observed a reduction in liver antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) and in serum total protein, and an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum aspertate aminotranferase (AST), serum alanine aminotranferase (ALT), bilirubin and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) due to liver injury in the paracetamol-administered rats (2 g/kg). On the contrary, increased activities of liver GSH, SOD, GPx, CAT and serum total protein level, and decrease in the contents of serum ALP, AST, ALT, bilirubin and liver TBARS were observed in rats administered with different doses of EE (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg), which are similar to the activities of hepato-protective drug silymarin (150 mg/kg). The mode of action of EE as evidenced by the above parameters may suggest that EE, on the one hand, prevents the formation of the reactive oxygen groups, or scavenges these groups, thereby preventing the damage on the hepatic cells, and, on the other hand, modulates the genes responsible for synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, CAT and SOD in liver tissue and decreases the serum enzymatic activities such as ALP, AST and ALT.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the ability of Curcuma Ionga （CL） and Tinospora cordifolia （TC） formulation to prevent anti-tuberculosis （TB） treatment （ATT） induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS： Patients with active TB diagnosis were randomized to a drug control group and a trial group on drugs plus an herbal formulation. Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for first 2 mo followed by continuation phase therapy excluding Pyrazinamide for 4 mo comprised the anti-tuberculous treatment. Curcumin enriched （25%） CL and a hydro-ethanolic extract enriched （50%） TC 1 g each divided in two doses comprised the herbal adjuvant. Hemogram, bilirubin and liver enzymes were tested initially and monthly till the end of study to evaluate the result. RESULTS： Incidence and severity of hepatotoxicity was significantly lower in trial group （incidence： 27/192 vs 2/316, P 〈 0.0001）. Mean aspartate transaminase （AST） （195.93 ± 108.74 vs 85 ± 4.24, P 〈 0.0001）, alanine transaminase （ALT） （75.74 ± 26.54 vs 41 ± 1.41, P 〈 0.0001） and serum bilirubin （5.4 ±3.38 vs 1.5 ±0.42, P 〈 0.0001）. A lesser sputum positivity ratio at the end of 4 wk （10/67 vs 4/137, P = 0.0068） and decreased incidence of poorly resolved parenchymal lesion at the end of the treatment （9/152 vs 2/278, P = 0.0037） was observed. Improved patient compliance was indicated by nil drop-out in trial vs 10/192 in control group （P 〈 0.0001）. CONCLUSION： The herbal formulation prevented hepatotoxicity significantly and improved the disease outcome as well as patient compliance without any toxicity or side effects.
文摘The liver is one of the most important organs in the body,performing a fundamental role in the regulationof diverse processes,among which the metabolism,secretion,storage,and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substances are prominent.Due to these functions,hepatic diseases continue to be among the main threats to public health,and they remain problems throughout the world.Despite enormous advances in modern medicine,there are no completely effective drugs that stimulate hepatic function,that offer complete protection of the organ,or that help to regenerate hepatic cells.Thus,it is necessary to identify pharmaceutical alternatives for the treatment of liver diseases,with the aim of these alternatives being more effective and less toxic.The use of some plants and the consumption of different fruits have played basic roles in human health care,and diverse scientific investigations have indicated that,in those plants and fruits so identified,their beneficial effects can be attributed to the presence of chemical compounds that are called phytochemicals.The present review had as its objective the collecting of data based on research conducted into some fruits(grapefruit,cranberries,and grapes)and plants[cactus pear(nopal)and cactus pear fruit,chamomile,silymarin,and spirulina],which are consumed frequently by humans and which have demonstrated hepatoprotective capacity,as well as an analysis of a resin(propolis)and some phytochemicals extracted from fruits,plants,yeasts,and algae,which have been evaluated in different models of hepatotoxicity.
文摘AIM To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of lycopene(Ly) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in rat. METHODS A rat model of NAFLD was first established by feeding a high-fat diet for 14 wk. Sixty-five rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and Ly treatment groups. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(TC) in serum and low density lipoproteincholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), free fatty acid(FFA), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH) in liver tissue were evaluated, respectively. While the hepatoprotective effect was also confirmed by histopathological analysis, the expression levels of TNF-α and cytochrome P450(CYP) 2E1 in rat liver were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis.RESULTS A significant decrease was observed in the levels of serum AST(2.07-fold), ALT(2.95-fold), and the blood lipid TG(2.34-fold) and TC(1.66-fold) in the dose of 20 mg/kg Ly-treated rats(P < 0.01), compared to the model group. Pretreatment with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of Ly significantly raised the levels of antioxidant enzyme SOD in a dose-dependent manner,to 90.95 ± 9.56, 109.52 ± 11.34 and 121.25 ± 10.68(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), as compared with the model group. Similarly, the levels of GSH were significantly increased(P < 0.05, P < 0.01) after the Ly treatment. Meanwhile, pretreatment with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of Ly significantly reduced MDA amount by 30.87, 45.51 and 54.49% in the liver homogenates, respectively(P < 0.01). The Ly treatment group showed significantly decreased levels of lipid products LDL-C(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), improved HDL-C level and significantly decreased content of FFA, compared to the model group(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Ly-treated group also exhibited a down-regulated TNF-α and CYP2E1 expression, decreased infiltration of liver fats and reversed histopathological changes, all in a dosedependent manner(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study suggests that Ly has a protective effect on NAFLD, down-regulates expression of TNF-α, and that CYP2E1 may be one of the action mechanisms for Ly.
文摘Objective:To assess the In vivo anlioxid Fanl and hepaloproleclive activity of metlianolic exlracl of Daucus carota(D.carota) seeds in experimental animals.Methods:Methanolic extracts of D.carota seeds is used for hepatoproleclion assessment.Oxidative stress were induced in rats by thioacetamide 100 nig/kg s.c.in four groups of rats(two test,standard and toxic control). Two test groups received D.carota seeds extract[DCSE) at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Standard group received silymarin(25 mg/kg) and toxic control received only thioacetamide. Control group received only vehicle.On the 8th day animals were sacrificed and liver enzyme like serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT),serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(SCOT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)were estimated in blood serum and antioxidant enzyme like superoxide disnuituse(SOD),cululase(CAT),glutathione reductase(CKD),glutathione peroxidase(GPX),glutalhione-S-transferase(GST)and lipid peroxidation(LPO)were estimated in liver homogcnatc.Results:A significant decrease in SGPT,SCOT and ALP levels was observed in all drug treated groups as compared to thioacetamide group(P<0.001) and in case of antioxidant enzyme a significant(P<0.001) increase in SOD.CAT,GRD,GPX and GST was observed in all dmg treated groups as compared with thioacetamide group.But in case of LPO a significant(P <0.001) reduction was observed as compared to toxic control group.Conclusions:DCSE has contributed lo the reduction of oxidative stress and the protection of liver in experimental rals.
