The inverse relationship between nitrate and temperature(N-T relationship) has been used to estimate new production from remotely sensed sea surface temperature at the regional or global scale of oceans. This study ai...The inverse relationship between nitrate and temperature(N-T relationship) has been used to estimate new production from remotely sensed sea surface temperature at the regional or global scale of oceans. This study aimed to develop a time-series model of the N-T relationship from automated, continuous hourly observations over two years on the coast of Halifax, Canada. The model demonstrated time-series variability of the N-T relationship at a coastal station on the Nova Scotia Shelf, with adjusted R 2 =0.999 4 and RMSE=0.025 7. The maximum residual value was 0.077. The annual temperature variations described a sine curve, and daily, weekly, and monthly variations fluctuated within the normal ranges, controlled by the local climate. The annual variation of nitrate concentration formed nearly a sine curve. Heavy or longlasting rainfall increased nitrate concentration by 4 to 30-fold in 24 h, and then the increased nitrogen was quickly depleted by phytoplankton growth in 10 to 48 h. In general, biological activity was a key factor in causing nitrate concentration change, dependent mainly on seawater temperature. The power function of the N-T relationship observed in our study area could be used to quickly estimate sea surface nitrate concentration, in combination with temperature data obtained by remote sensing.展开更多
This study develops a flexible latent class model(LCM)to investigate the electric vehicle(EV)type choice decisions of Halifax residents.It utilizes cross-sectional data from the 2022 Halifax Travel Activity(HaliTRAC)s...This study develops a flexible latent class model(LCM)to investigate the electric vehicle(EV)type choice decisions of Halifax residents.It utilizes cross-sectional data from the 2022 Halifax Travel Activity(HaliTRAC)survey,which includes questions related to EV adoption.This study also analyzes eight attitudes and lifestyle preferences related state-ments using the principal component analysis(PCA)technique,and finally extracts three components labeled as“EV enthusiasts”,“sustainable travellers”,and“remote work arrangement admirers”.This paper explores the heterogeneity between two classes for dif-ferent alternative vehicle type choices,e.g.,battery electric vehicle(BEV),plug-in hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV),hybrid electric vehicle(HEV),and regular internal combustion engine(ICE)vehicle.Based on class membership attributes,class-1 can be identified as those who live in suburban areas,have a large family with high vehicle ownership,and are interested in travelling with their family members,especially with their children and vice-versa for class-2.Results suggest that variables across two classes portray heterogene-ity,e.g.,full-time worker portray positive correlation for class-1 and negative to class-2;high annual household income group(more than$200000)exhibit high propensity to choose BEV in class-2 and vice-versa for class-1.Sustainable travelers emphasize the adverse connection towards regular vehicles,while EV enthusiasts demonstrate a favorable association with embracing any type of EV(e.g.,BEV,PHEV,or HEV).Furthermore,the find-ings from this analysis provide guidance for policy measures such as offering purchase incentives,expanding charging infrastructure,and implementing tax rebates to promote the uptake of EVs among the residents of Halifax.展开更多
本期的两篇读物(Mystery of Unknown Titanic Dead May Be Solved/Shipping Firm to Offer Funeral Service)分别出现了同一个短语:in a bid to。可见介词短语in a bid to正流行于当代英语。可惜,无论是《综合英语成语词典》,还是《英...本期的两篇读物(Mystery of Unknown Titanic Dead May Be Solved/Shipping Firm to Offer Funeral Service)分别出现了同一个短语:in a bid to。可见介词短语in a bid to正流行于当代英语。可惜,无论是《综合英语成语词典》,还是《英汉大词典》,均未收入该介词短语。Bid用作名词时。其含义是:出价;投标。in a bid to究竟是什么意思?本刊主编向美国教授Bill Hofmann/Mary Newton Bruder请教。他们热情作释。展开更多
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.KZCX2-YW-Q07-02,KSCX2-SW-132)the Project of Knowledge Innovation Program of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology(No.LYQ200701)the Special Grant for Postgraduate Research,Innovation and Practice,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.52920-104)
文摘The inverse relationship between nitrate and temperature(N-T relationship) has been used to estimate new production from remotely sensed sea surface temperature at the regional or global scale of oceans. This study aimed to develop a time-series model of the N-T relationship from automated, continuous hourly observations over two years on the coast of Halifax, Canada. The model demonstrated time-series variability of the N-T relationship at a coastal station on the Nova Scotia Shelf, with adjusted R 2 =0.999 4 and RMSE=0.025 7. The maximum residual value was 0.077. The annual temperature variations described a sine curve, and daily, weekly, and monthly variations fluctuated within the normal ranges, controlled by the local climate. The annual variation of nitrate concentration formed nearly a sine curve. Heavy or longlasting rainfall increased nitrate concentration by 4 to 30-fold in 24 h, and then the increased nitrogen was quickly depleted by phytoplankton growth in 10 to 48 h. In general, biological activity was a key factor in causing nitrate concentration change, dependent mainly on seawater temperature. The power function of the N-T relationship observed in our study area could be used to quickly estimate sea surface nitrate concentration, in combination with temperature data obtained by remote sensing.
文摘This study develops a flexible latent class model(LCM)to investigate the electric vehicle(EV)type choice decisions of Halifax residents.It utilizes cross-sectional data from the 2022 Halifax Travel Activity(HaliTRAC)survey,which includes questions related to EV adoption.This study also analyzes eight attitudes and lifestyle preferences related state-ments using the principal component analysis(PCA)technique,and finally extracts three components labeled as“EV enthusiasts”,“sustainable travellers”,and“remote work arrangement admirers”.This paper explores the heterogeneity between two classes for dif-ferent alternative vehicle type choices,e.g.,battery electric vehicle(BEV),plug-in hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV),hybrid electric vehicle(HEV),and regular internal combustion engine(ICE)vehicle.Based on class membership attributes,class-1 can be identified as those who live in suburban areas,have a large family with high vehicle ownership,and are interested in travelling with their family members,especially with their children and vice-versa for class-2.Results suggest that variables across two classes portray heterogene-ity,e.g.,full-time worker portray positive correlation for class-1 and negative to class-2;high annual household income group(more than$200000)exhibit high propensity to choose BEV in class-2 and vice-versa for class-1.Sustainable travelers emphasize the adverse connection towards regular vehicles,while EV enthusiasts demonstrate a favorable association with embracing any type of EV(e.g.,BEV,PHEV,or HEV).Furthermore,the find-ings from this analysis provide guidance for policy measures such as offering purchase incentives,expanding charging infrastructure,and implementing tax rebates to promote the uptake of EVs among the residents of Halifax.
文摘本期的两篇读物(Mystery of Unknown Titanic Dead May Be Solved/Shipping Firm to Offer Funeral Service)分别出现了同一个短语:in a bid to。可见介词短语in a bid to正流行于当代英语。可惜,无论是《综合英语成语词典》,还是《英汉大词典》,均未收入该介词短语。Bid用作名词时。其含义是:出价;投标。in a bid to究竟是什么意思?本刊主编向美国教授Bill Hofmann/Mary Newton Bruder请教。他们热情作释。
