[目的]Heavy metal ATPase(HMA)蛋白参与了植物对多种金属离子的吸收和转运。本研究通过对谷子HMA进行全基因组表征、表达及同源分析以解析其功能。[方法]通过蛋白同源比对和保守结构域筛选谷子HMA基因家族成员;采用生物信息学手段系统...[目的]Heavy metal ATPase(HMA)蛋白参与了植物对多种金属离子的吸收和转运。本研究通过对谷子HMA进行全基因组表征、表达及同源分析以解析其功能。[方法]通过蛋白同源比对和保守结构域筛选谷子HMA基因家族成员;采用生物信息学手段系统分析了谷子HMA的理化性质、家族扩张、保守基序、系统发育关系及蛋白质分子对接;基于不同浓度Cd、Fe胁迫下的转录组和荧光定量PCR分析了其对不同金属离子的响应;基于模式物种水稻的同源比对预测了部分SiHMA的功能。[结果]在谷子基因组中共鉴定到12个HMA基因,并将其分为2个亚组,有6个HMA基因参与到2次串联重复(4个基因,占比33.3%)和1次片段复制事件(2个基因,占比16.7%)中。SiHMA基因在不同组织中对Cd、Fe胁迫表现出不同的响应模式。预测了SiHMA可能的功能,SiHMA5参与细胞中Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd等金属离子的外排过程,SiHMA10可能参与植物体内Cu的装载和运输。[结论]重复事件和片段复制在谷子HMA基因家族扩张和SiHMA功能进化中发挥作用。植物激素、应激胁迫等多种顺式作用元件参与到SiHMA响应非生物胁迫途径中,我们根据同源比较、组织表达特征和前人研究,预测了SiHMA1、SiHMA5、SiHMA6和SiHMA10等基因可能的功能,以上结果可为进一步研究HMA基因家族及其在谷子中的生物学功能提供理论基础。展开更多
The increasing demand for infotainment applications necessitates efficient bandwidth and energy resource allocation.Sixth-Generation(6G)networks,utilizing Cognitive Radio(CR)technology within CR Network(CRN),can enhan...The increasing demand for infotainment applications necessitates efficient bandwidth and energy resource allocation.Sixth-Generation(6G)networks,utilizing Cognitive Radio(CR)technology within CR Network(CRN),can enhance spectrum utilization by accessing unused spectrum when licensed Primary Mobile Equipment(PME)is inactive or served by a Primary Base Station(PrBS).Secondary Mobile Equipment(SME)accesses this spectrum through a Secondary Base Station(SrBS)using opportunistic access,i.e.,spectrum sensing.Hybrid Multiple Access(HMA),combining Orthogonal Multiple Access(OMA)and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA),can enhance Energy Efficiency(EE).Additionally,SME Clustering(SMEC)reduces inter-cluster interference,enhancing EE further.Despite these advancements,the integration of CR technology,HMA,and SMEC in CRN for better bandwidth utilization and EE remains unexplored.This paper introduces a new CRassisted SMEC-based Downlink HMA(CR-SMEC-DHMA)method for 6G CRN,aimed at jointly optimizing SME admission,SME association,sum rate,and EE subject to imperfect sensing,collision,and Quality of Service(QoS).A novel optimization problem,formulated as a non-linear fractional programming problem,is solved using the Charnes-Cooper Transformation(CCT)to convert into a concave optimization problem,and an𝜖-optimal Outer Approximation Algorithm(OAA)is employed to solve the concave optimization problem.Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CR-SMEC-DHMA,surpassing the performance of current OMAenabled CRN,NOMA-enabled CRN,SMEC-OMA enabled CRN,and SMEC-NOMA enabled CRN methods,with ε-optimal results obtained at ε=10^(−3),while satisfying Performance Measures(PMs)including SME admission in SMEC,SME association with SrBS,SME-channel opportunistic allocation through spectrum sensing,sum rate and overall EE within the 6G CRN.展开更多
Current mix design practices typically assume total blending and use the white curve of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)to determine the gradation and optimum asphalt content(OAC)of recycled hot mix asphalt(HMA),often ...Current mix design practices typically assume total blending and use the white curve of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)to determine the gradation and optimum asphalt content(OAC)of recycled hot mix asphalt(HMA),often overlooking the effects of RAP agglomeration and partial blending.This oversight can result in unsatisfactory performance,particularly when higher RAP content is used.Therefore,this paper reviews and discusses strategies for adjusting the mix design of recycled HMA to enhance its in-service performance.The discussion begins with RAP particle agglomeration,a significant phenomenon that significantly impacts the aggregate gradation of recycled HMA.Subsequently,detection methods to clarify the blending between virgin and RAP binders are described.Partial blending between RAP and virgin binders is common,and various indexes have been proposed to quantify the blending degree.Finally,the adjusted mix design method of recycled HMA is presented,emphasizing gradation optimization and corrected OAC.Gradation optimization should account for RAP agglomeration,while the corrected OAC should consider particle blending.Recycled HMA using the adjusted mix design exhibits improved crack resistance and fatigue life without substantially impairing rutting performance.This review aims to help both academics and highway agencies maximize the utilization of RAP materials within sustainable pavement frameworks.展开更多
This paper develops a novel Neural Network(NN)-based adaptive nonsingular practical predefined-time controller for the hypersonic morphing aircraft subject to actuator faults. Firstly, a novel Lyapunov criterion of pr...This paper develops a novel Neural Network(NN)-based adaptive nonsingular practical predefined-time controller for the hypersonic morphing aircraft subject to actuator faults. Firstly, a novel Lyapunov criterion of practical predefined-time stability is established. Following the proposed criterion, a tangent function based nonsingular predefined-time sliding manifold and the control strategy are developed. Secondly, the radial basis function NN with a low-complexity adaptation mechanism is incorporated into the controller to tackle the actuator faults and uncertainties. Thirdly, rigorous theoretical proof reveals that the attitude tracking errors can converge to a small region around the origin within a predefined time, while all signals in the closed-loop system remain bounded. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness and improved performance of the proposed control scheme.展开更多
Mountains are important suppliers of freshwater to downstream areas,affecting large populations in particular in High Mountain Asia(HMA).Yet,the propagation of water from HMA headwaters to downstream areas is not full...Mountains are important suppliers of freshwater to downstream areas,affecting large populations in particular in High Mountain Asia(HMA).Yet,the propagation of water from HMA headwaters to downstream areas is not fully understood,as interactions in the mountain water cycle between the cryo-,hydro-and biosphere remain elusive.We review the definition of blue and green water fluxes as liquid water that contributes to runoff at the outlet of the selected domain(blue)and water lost to the atmosphere through vapor fluxes,that is evaporation from water,ground,and interception plus transpiration(green)and propose to add the term white water to account for the(often neglected)evaporation and sublimation from snow and ice.We provide an assessment of models that can simulate the cryo-hydro-biosphere continuum and the interactions between spheres in high mountain catchments,going beyond disciplinary separations.Land surface models are uniquely able to account for such complexity,since they solve the coupled fluxes of water,energy,and carbon between the land surface and atmosphere.Due to the mechanistic nature of such models,specific variables can be compared systematically to independent remote sensing observations-providing vital insights into model accuracy and enabling the understanding of the complex watersheds of HMA.We discuss recent developments in spaceborne earth observation products that have the potential to support catchment modeling in high mountain regions.We then present a pilot study application of the mechanistic land surface model Tethys&Chloris to a glacierized watershed in the Nepalese Himalayas and discuss the use of high-resolution earth observation data to constrain the meteorological forcing uncertainty and validate model results.We use these insights to highlight the remaining challenges and future opportunities that remote sensing data presents for land surface modeling in HMA.展开更多
文摘[目的]Heavy metal ATPase(HMA)蛋白参与了植物对多种金属离子的吸收和转运。本研究通过对谷子HMA进行全基因组表征、表达及同源分析以解析其功能。[方法]通过蛋白同源比对和保守结构域筛选谷子HMA基因家族成员;采用生物信息学手段系统分析了谷子HMA的理化性质、家族扩张、保守基序、系统发育关系及蛋白质分子对接;基于不同浓度Cd、Fe胁迫下的转录组和荧光定量PCR分析了其对不同金属离子的响应;基于模式物种水稻的同源比对预测了部分SiHMA的功能。[结果]在谷子基因组中共鉴定到12个HMA基因,并将其分为2个亚组,有6个HMA基因参与到2次串联重复(4个基因,占比33.3%)和1次片段复制事件(2个基因,占比16.7%)中。SiHMA基因在不同组织中对Cd、Fe胁迫表现出不同的响应模式。预测了SiHMA可能的功能,SiHMA5参与细胞中Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd等金属离子的外排过程,SiHMA10可能参与植物体内Cu的装载和运输。[结论]重复事件和片段复制在谷子HMA基因家族扩张和SiHMA功能进化中发挥作用。植物激素、应激胁迫等多种顺式作用元件参与到SiHMA响应非生物胁迫途径中,我们根据同源比较、组织表达特征和前人研究,预测了SiHMA1、SiHMA5、SiHMA6和SiHMA10等基因可能的功能,以上结果可为进一步研究HMA基因家族及其在谷子中的生物学功能提供理论基础。
文摘The increasing demand for infotainment applications necessitates efficient bandwidth and energy resource allocation.Sixth-Generation(6G)networks,utilizing Cognitive Radio(CR)technology within CR Network(CRN),can enhance spectrum utilization by accessing unused spectrum when licensed Primary Mobile Equipment(PME)is inactive or served by a Primary Base Station(PrBS).Secondary Mobile Equipment(SME)accesses this spectrum through a Secondary Base Station(SrBS)using opportunistic access,i.e.,spectrum sensing.Hybrid Multiple Access(HMA),combining Orthogonal Multiple Access(OMA)and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA),can enhance Energy Efficiency(EE).Additionally,SME Clustering(SMEC)reduces inter-cluster interference,enhancing EE further.Despite these advancements,the integration of CR technology,HMA,and SMEC in CRN for better bandwidth utilization and EE remains unexplored.This paper introduces a new CRassisted SMEC-based Downlink HMA(CR-SMEC-DHMA)method for 6G CRN,aimed at jointly optimizing SME admission,SME association,sum rate,and EE subject to imperfect sensing,collision,and Quality of Service(QoS).A novel optimization problem,formulated as a non-linear fractional programming problem,is solved using the Charnes-Cooper Transformation(CCT)to convert into a concave optimization problem,and an𝜖-optimal Outer Approximation Algorithm(OAA)is employed to solve the concave optimization problem.Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CR-SMEC-DHMA,surpassing the performance of current OMAenabled CRN,NOMA-enabled CRN,SMEC-OMA enabled CRN,and SMEC-NOMA enabled CRN methods,with ε-optimal results obtained at ε=10^(−3),while satisfying Performance Measures(PMs)including SME admission in SMEC,SME association with SrBS,SME-channel opportunistic allocation through spectrum sensing,sum rate and overall EE within the 6G CRN.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52178420,52408476)Special subsidy from Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government(HITTY-20190028)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20242207)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HIT.DZJJ.2023086).
文摘Current mix design practices typically assume total blending and use the white curve of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)to determine the gradation and optimum asphalt content(OAC)of recycled hot mix asphalt(HMA),often overlooking the effects of RAP agglomeration and partial blending.This oversight can result in unsatisfactory performance,particularly when higher RAP content is used.Therefore,this paper reviews and discusses strategies for adjusting the mix design of recycled HMA to enhance its in-service performance.The discussion begins with RAP particle agglomeration,a significant phenomenon that significantly impacts the aggregate gradation of recycled HMA.Subsequently,detection methods to clarify the blending between virgin and RAP binders are described.Partial blending between RAP and virgin binders is common,and various indexes have been proposed to quantify the blending degree.Finally,the adjusted mix design method of recycled HMA is presented,emphasizing gradation optimization and corrected OAC.Gradation optimization should account for RAP agglomeration,while the corrected OAC should consider particle blending.Recycled HMA using the adjusted mix design exhibits improved crack resistance and fatigue life without substantially impairing rutting performance.This review aims to help both academics and highway agencies maximize the utilization of RAP materials within sustainable pavement frameworks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52233014, U2241215)。
文摘This paper develops a novel Neural Network(NN)-based adaptive nonsingular practical predefined-time controller for the hypersonic morphing aircraft subject to actuator faults. Firstly, a novel Lyapunov criterion of practical predefined-time stability is established. Following the proposed criterion, a tangent function based nonsingular predefined-time sliding manifold and the control strategy are developed. Secondly, the radial basis function NN with a low-complexity adaptation mechanism is incorporated into the controller to tackle the actuator faults and uncertainties. Thirdly, rigorous theoretical proof reveals that the attitude tracking errors can converge to a small region around the origin within a predefined time, while all signals in the closed-loop system remain bounded. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness and improved performance of the proposed control scheme.
基金supported by the ESA and NRSCC Dragon 5 cooperation project“Cryosphere-hydrosphere interactions of the Asian water towers:using remote sensing to drive hyper-resolution ecohydrological modelling”[Grant no.59199]PB and FP acknowledge funding from the SNSF(High-elevation precipitation in High Mountain Asia,HOPE)[Grant no.183633]+4 种基金ESM,MK,SFu and FP acknowledge funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(Rapid mass losses of debris-covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia,RAVEN)[Grant no.772751]LJ,CZ and MMe acknowledge the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)[grant no.2019QZKK010308,no.2019QZKK0206]the National Natural Science Foundation of China projects(Grant no.42171039,no.91737205)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative[Grant no.2020VTA0001]the MOST High-Level Foreign Expert Program[Grant no.G2022055010L].
文摘Mountains are important suppliers of freshwater to downstream areas,affecting large populations in particular in High Mountain Asia(HMA).Yet,the propagation of water from HMA headwaters to downstream areas is not fully understood,as interactions in the mountain water cycle between the cryo-,hydro-and biosphere remain elusive.We review the definition of blue and green water fluxes as liquid water that contributes to runoff at the outlet of the selected domain(blue)and water lost to the atmosphere through vapor fluxes,that is evaporation from water,ground,and interception plus transpiration(green)and propose to add the term white water to account for the(often neglected)evaporation and sublimation from snow and ice.We provide an assessment of models that can simulate the cryo-hydro-biosphere continuum and the interactions between spheres in high mountain catchments,going beyond disciplinary separations.Land surface models are uniquely able to account for such complexity,since they solve the coupled fluxes of water,energy,and carbon between the land surface and atmosphere.Due to the mechanistic nature of such models,specific variables can be compared systematically to independent remote sensing observations-providing vital insights into model accuracy and enabling the understanding of the complex watersheds of HMA.We discuss recent developments in spaceborne earth observation products that have the potential to support catchment modeling in high mountain regions.We then present a pilot study application of the mechanistic land surface model Tethys&Chloris to a glacierized watershed in the Nepalese Himalayas and discuss the use of high-resolution earth observation data to constrain the meteorological forcing uncertainty and validate model results.We use these insights to highlight the remaining challenges and future opportunities that remote sensing data presents for land surface modeling in HMA.
文摘3,4-二羟基扁桃酸是许多药物和香料合成的重要中间体,具有较强的抗氧化和清除自由基的活性。旨在实现3,4-二羟基扁桃酸在大肠杆菌中的从头合成。通过在大肠杆菌MG1655/ΔA中过表达来源于天蓝色链霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolor)的对羟基扁桃酸合酶(HmaS)和大肠杆菌的羟化酶(HpaBC)基因,实现了以葡萄糖为原料生物合成3,4-二羟基扁桃酸;并经IPTG和蛋白诱导温度初步优化后,摇瓶发酵36 h 3,4-二羟基扁桃酸的产量达到240 mg/L。
