Objective:Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy(AIC)is a reversible dilated cardiomyopathy induced by rapid or irregular heartbeat.Acupuncture has a long history of use in the treatment of cardiac diseases,and Xinshu(BL15...Objective:Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy(AIC)is a reversible dilated cardiomyopathy induced by rapid or irregular heartbeat.Acupuncture has a long history of use in the treatment of cardiac diseases,and Xinshu(BL15)is a key acupoint.However,the underlying mechanism of acupuncture at BL15 in the treatment of AIC has not yet been elucidated.Methods:AIC was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats by continuous administration of acetylcholine(ACh)-CaCl2 and treatment with electroacupuncture(EA)at bilateral BL15.Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function;the rotarod test for motor coordination and performance;hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining for the morphology of ventricles;electrocardiogram for susceptibility,inducibility,and duration of atrial fibrillation(AF);and electrical and optical mapping in isolated rat hearts maintained by the Langendorff perfusion system for electrical conduction and intracellular handling,respectively.Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting were used to determine the levels of cardiac conduction and intracellular calcium-handling proteins in the ventricle.Results:The results showed that EA improved the ejection factor and morphological indices on echocardiography,restored motor coordination and performance,and alleviated ventricular dilation and AF onset.EA alleviates atrial conduction disorders,shortens APD80,and decreases calcium handling in rats with AIC.Cx43 was downregulated and CaMKII was upregulated,and both effects were reversed by EA treatment.Conclusion:Our study provides a novel AIC model with abnormal electrical propagation and calcium handling that can be protected by EA at BL15.This potential mechanism may be associated with the modulation of Cx43 and CaMKII expression.展开更多
The need to transport goods across countries and islands has resulted in a high demand for commercial vessels.Owing to such trends,shipyards must efficiently produce ships to reduce production costs.Layout and materia...The need to transport goods across countries and islands has resulted in a high demand for commercial vessels.Owing to such trends,shipyards must efficiently produce ships to reduce production costs.Layout and material flow are among the crucial aspects determining the efficiency of the production at a shipyard.This paper presents the initial design optimization of a shipyard layout using Nondominated Sorting Algorithm-Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)to find the optimal configuration of workstations in a shipyard layout.The proposed method focuses on simultaneously minimizing two material handling costs,namely work-based material handling and duration-based material handling.NSGA-Ⅱ determines the order of workstations in the shipyard layout.The semiflexible bay structure is then used in the workstation placement process from the sequence formed in NSGA-Ⅱ into a complete design.Considering that this study is a case of multiobjective optimization,the performance for both objectives at each iteration is presented in a 3D graph.Results indicate that after 500 iterations,the optimal configuration yields a work-based MHC of 163670.0 WBM-units and a duration-based MHC of 34750 DBM-units.Starting from a random solution,the efficiency of NSGA-Ⅱ demonstrates significant improvements,achieving a 50.19%reduction in work-based MHC and a 48.58%reduction in duration-based MHC.展开更多
Object detection in occluded environments remains a core challenge in computer vision(CV),especially in domains such as autonomous driving and robotics.While Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)-based twodimensional(2D)a...Object detection in occluded environments remains a core challenge in computer vision(CV),especially in domains such as autonomous driving and robotics.While Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)-based twodimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)object detection methods havemade significant progress,they often fall short under severe occlusion due to depth ambiguities in 2D imagery and the high cost and deployment limitations of 3D sensors such as Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR).This paper presents a comparative review of recent 2D and 3D detection models,focusing on their occlusion-handling capabilities and the impact of sensor modalities such as stereo vision,Time-of-Flight(ToF)cameras,and LiDAR.In this context,we introduce FuDensityNet,our multimodal occlusion-aware detection framework that combines Red-Green-Blue(RGB)images and LiDAR data to enhance detection performance.As a forward-looking direction,we propose a monocular depth-estimation extension to FuDensityNet,aimed at replacing expensive 3D sensors with a more scalable CNN-based pipeline.Although this enhancement is not experimentally evaluated in this manuscript,we describe its conceptual design and potential for future implementation.展开更多
This paper introduces an intelligent garbage-handling trolley model based on an STM32 single chip microcomputer as the control core.The device is driven by four independent motors to achieve automatic tracking,automat...This paper introduces an intelligent garbage-handling trolley model based on an STM32 single chip microcomputer as the control core.The device is driven by four independent motors to achieve automatic tracking,automatic obstacle avoidance,and fixed-point docking.Using external execution structure to realize the car without the use of a mechanical arm,complete garbage collection,storage,and uninstall function.On this basis,the type of garbage is marked by color,and the color recognition sensor is applied to realize the type recognition after garbage collection and put into the corresponding unloading point,to realize its intelligent classification function.It can automatically complete the established task autonomously.展开更多
Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are disorders of the musculoskeletal system related to work. The objective of this study was to musculoskeletal disorders among SOGEAC handlers. Methodology: This was a descript...Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are disorders of the musculoskeletal system related to work. The objective of this study was to musculoskeletal disorders among SOGEAC handlers. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study over 6 months from November 2021 to April 2022. Results: We collected 110 handlers during the study. All of our population had postural constraints and were men. The average age of workers was 39.2 years. 93 handlers or 84.5% did manual handling, and 79% or 71.8% were baggage handlers. Regarding training, 88.2% or 97 handlers were trained, and 89.1% did alternating work. The standing posture was the most adopted with 89.1% followed by the kneeling position with 66.4%. 89.1% carried weights at work. 80 handlers or 73% had developed musculoskeletal disorders and the lumbar seat was found at 70%. The analysis of factors that may influence the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders did not find any statistically significant relation. Conclusion: Our study shows that musculoskeletal disorders are an occupational health problem and recommends better compliance with occupational safety and health instructions.展开更多
This paper proposes an intelligent vehicle auxiliary handling system based on Internet of Things(IoT)technology,featuring an innovative holding mechanism design that adjusts to the length and width of various vehicles...This paper proposes an intelligent vehicle auxiliary handling system based on Internet of Things(IoT)technology,featuring an innovative holding mechanism design that adjusts to the length and width of various vehicles.The system combines precise positioning using satellite tracking technology,intelligent recognition via OpenCV,and the interconnectivity of IoT.This intelligent vehicle auxiliary handling system can independently identify vehicle positions and plan optimal handling paths,eliminating the traditional reliance on manual operation.It offers efficient and accurate handling,setting a new trend in the handling industry.Additionally,the system integrates seamlessly with parking lot management systems,providing real-time updates on vehicle locations and statuses.This allows managers to monitor the parking lot operations clearly and efficiently.This intelligent coordination greatly enhances overall work efficiency and streamlines parking management.Overall,the innovative design of the intelligent vehicle auxiliary handling system represents a significant breakthrough in both function and performance,gaining user favor with its smooth operation.Looking ahead,continued technological advancements and the expansion of application fields will bring even more vitality and intelligence to societal development.展开更多
Aiming at various faults in an air conditioning system,the fault characteristics are analyzed.The influence of the faults on the energy consumption and thermal comfort of the system are also discussed.The simulation r...Aiming at various faults in an air conditioning system,the fault characteristics are analyzed.The influence of the faults on the energy consumption and thermal comfort of the system are also discussed.The simulation results show that the measurement faults of the supply air temperature can lead to the increase in energy consumption.According to the fault characteristics,a data-driven method based on a neural network is presented to detect and diagnose the faults of air handling units.First,the historical data are selected to train the neural network so that it can recognize and predict the operation of the system.Then,the faults can be diagnosed by calculating the relative errors denoting the difference between the measuring values and the prediction outputs.Finally,the fault diagnosis strategy using the neural network is validated by using a simulator based on the TRNSYS platform.The results show that the neural network can diagnose different faults of the temperature,the flow rate and the pressure sensors in the air conditioning system.展开更多
A DC to 5GHz series MEMS switch is designed and fabricated for wireless communication applications,and thermal effect and power handling of the series switch are discussed.The switch is made on glass substrate,and gol...A DC to 5GHz series MEMS switch is designed and fabricated for wireless communication applications,and thermal effect and power handling of the series switch are discussed.The switch is made on glass substrate,and gold platinum contact is used to get a stable and little insert loss.From DC to 5GHz,0 6dB insertion loss,30dB isolation,and 30μs delay are demonstrated.Thermal effect of the switch is tested in 85℃ and -55℃ atmosphere separately.From DC to 4GHz,the insert loss of the switch increases 0 2dB in 85℃ and 0 4dB in -55℃,while the isolation holds the same value as that in room temperature.To measure the power handling capability of the switch,we applied a continuous RF power increasing from 10dBm to 35 1dBm with the step of 1 0dBm across the switch at 4GHz.The switch keeps working and shows a decrease of the insert loss for 0 1～0 6dB.The maximum continuous power handling (35 1dBm,about 3 24W) is higer than the reported value of shunt switch (about 420mW),which implies series switches have much better power handling capability.展开更多
The particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is an established nature-inspired population-based meta-heuristic that replicates the synchronizing movements of birds and sh.PSO is essentially an unconstrained algorithm...The particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is an established nature-inspired population-based meta-heuristic that replicates the synchronizing movements of birds and sh.PSO is essentially an unconstrained algorithm and requires constraint handling techniques(CHTs)to solve constrained optimization problems(COPs).For this purpose,we integrate two CHTs,the superiority of feasibility(SF)and the violation constraint-handling(VCH),with a PSO.These CHTs distinguish feasible solutions from infeasible ones.Moreover,in SF,the selection of infeasible solutions is based on their degree of constraint violations,whereas in VCH,the number of constraint violations by an infeasible solution is of more importance.Therefore,a PSO is adapted for constrained optimization,yielding two constrained variants,denoted SF-PSO and VCH-PSO.Both SF-PSO and VCH-PSO are evaluated with respect to ve engineering problems:the Himmelblau’s nonlinear optimization,the welded beam design,the spring design,the pressure vessel design,and the three-bar truss design.The simulation results show that both algorithms are consistent in terms of their solutions to these problems,including their different available versions.Comparison of the SF-PSO and the VCHPSO with other existing algorithms on the tested problems shows that the proposed algorithms have lower computational cost in terms of the number of function evaluations used.We also report our disagreement with some unjust comparisons made by other researchers regarding the tested problems and their different variants.展开更多
To solve the problems that the exception handling code is hard to test and maintain and that it affects the robustness and reliability of software, a method for evaluating the exception handling of programs is present...To solve the problems that the exception handling code is hard to test and maintain and that it affects the robustness and reliability of software, a method for evaluating the exception handling of programs is presented. The exception propagation graph （EPG） that describes the large programs with exception handling constructs is proposed by simplifying the control flow graph and it is applied to a case to verify its validity. According to the EPG, the exception handling code that never executes is identified; the points that are the most critical to controlling exception propagation are found; and the irrational exception handling code is corrected. The constructing algorithm for the EPG is given; thus, this provides a basis for automatically constructing the EPG and automatically correcting the irrational exception handling code.展开更多
Objectives: This paper examines the basic knowledge ofAIDS and HIV transmission through unsafe blood collec-tion and supply among rural Chinese doctors. It also ex-plores the accessibility of AIDS intervention methods...Objectives: This paper examines the basic knowledge ofAIDS and HIV transmission through unsafe blood collec-tion and supply among rural Chinese doctors. It also ex-plores the accessibility of AIDS intervention methods inrural area. Methods: We did Case studies, held focus group discus-sions and provided questionnaires to all rural doctors inone township where the epidemic of HIV was known to bespread through blood collection and supply. Data were col-lected and analyzed with software EPI 6.0.Results: The effective response rate to the questionnairewas 100%. The results showed that more than 95% of in-formants gave correct answers to the questions about thesexual and blood-bourne transmission of HIV as well as itscontagiousness. Half of the participants were ignorant aboutmother to child transmission of HIV and did not know thatHIV couldn’t be transmitted by saliva, sweat, mosquito bites,sharing of bathtubs or toilets. More than 80% of infor-mants were opposed to blood selling and reportedly under-stood the objective of the blood organizers in their villages,knew the peak time of blood selling by the villagers, and ,were aware of the risks of diseases being spread throughblood. . 27.3% used disposable syringes ‘once in a while’,and 15.2% discarded or sold used disposable syringes.Conclusions: The authors assert that there are severe lurk-ing perils of iatrogenic cross infection in rural areas. Ruraldoctors urgently need formal training on prevention andtreatment of HIV infection. We believe that rural doctorsshould become the key force in AIDS prevention and con-trol in rural area.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3500405,2019YFC1712105)The National Science Foundation of China(82374075)+1 种基金The National Comprehensive Traditional Chinese Medicine Reform Demonstration Zone Science and Technology Collaborative Development Project(GZY-KJS-SD-2024-046)Taishan Scholar Youth Project of Shandong Province(tsqn202306188).
文摘Objective:Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy(AIC)is a reversible dilated cardiomyopathy induced by rapid or irregular heartbeat.Acupuncture has a long history of use in the treatment of cardiac diseases,and Xinshu(BL15)is a key acupoint.However,the underlying mechanism of acupuncture at BL15 in the treatment of AIC has not yet been elucidated.Methods:AIC was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats by continuous administration of acetylcholine(ACh)-CaCl2 and treatment with electroacupuncture(EA)at bilateral BL15.Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function;the rotarod test for motor coordination and performance;hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining for the morphology of ventricles;electrocardiogram for susceptibility,inducibility,and duration of atrial fibrillation(AF);and electrical and optical mapping in isolated rat hearts maintained by the Langendorff perfusion system for electrical conduction and intracellular handling,respectively.Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting were used to determine the levels of cardiac conduction and intracellular calcium-handling proteins in the ventricle.Results:The results showed that EA improved the ejection factor and morphological indices on echocardiography,restored motor coordination and performance,and alleviated ventricular dilation and AF onset.EA alleviates atrial conduction disorders,shortens APD80,and decreases calcium handling in rats with AIC.Cx43 was downregulated and CaMKII was upregulated,and both effects were reversed by EA treatment.Conclusion:Our study provides a novel AIC model with abnormal electrical propagation and calcium handling that can be protected by EA at BL15.This potential mechanism may be associated with the modulation of Cx43 and CaMKII expression.
基金Supported by Direktorat Riset dan Pengembangan(Directorate of Research and Development)Universitas Indonesia(NKB-690/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2022).
文摘The need to transport goods across countries and islands has resulted in a high demand for commercial vessels.Owing to such trends,shipyards must efficiently produce ships to reduce production costs.Layout and material flow are among the crucial aspects determining the efficiency of the production at a shipyard.This paper presents the initial design optimization of a shipyard layout using Nondominated Sorting Algorithm-Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)to find the optimal configuration of workstations in a shipyard layout.The proposed method focuses on simultaneously minimizing two material handling costs,namely work-based material handling and duration-based material handling.NSGA-Ⅱ determines the order of workstations in the shipyard layout.The semiflexible bay structure is then used in the workstation placement process from the sequence formed in NSGA-Ⅱ into a complete design.Considering that this study is a case of multiobjective optimization,the performance for both objectives at each iteration is presented in a 3D graph.Results indicate that after 500 iterations,the optimal configuration yields a work-based MHC of 163670.0 WBM-units and a duration-based MHC of 34750 DBM-units.Starting from a random solution,the efficiency of NSGA-Ⅱ demonstrates significant improvements,achieving a 50.19%reduction in work-based MHC and a 48.58%reduction in duration-based MHC.
文摘Object detection in occluded environments remains a core challenge in computer vision(CV),especially in domains such as autonomous driving and robotics.While Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)-based twodimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)object detection methods havemade significant progress,they often fall short under severe occlusion due to depth ambiguities in 2D imagery and the high cost and deployment limitations of 3D sensors such as Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR).This paper presents a comparative review of recent 2D and 3D detection models,focusing on their occlusion-handling capabilities and the impact of sensor modalities such as stereo vision,Time-of-Flight(ToF)cameras,and LiDAR.In this context,we introduce FuDensityNet,our multimodal occlusion-aware detection framework that combines Red-Green-Blue(RGB)images and LiDAR data to enhance detection performance.As a forward-looking direction,we propose a monocular depth-estimation extension to FuDensityNet,aimed at replacing expensive 3D sensors with a more scalable CNN-based pipeline.Although this enhancement is not experimentally evaluated in this manuscript,we describe its conceptual design and potential for future implementation.
文摘This paper introduces an intelligent garbage-handling trolley model based on an STM32 single chip microcomputer as the control core.The device is driven by four independent motors to achieve automatic tracking,automatic obstacle avoidance,and fixed-point docking.Using external execution structure to realize the car without the use of a mechanical arm,complete garbage collection,storage,and uninstall function.On this basis,the type of garbage is marked by color,and the color recognition sensor is applied to realize the type recognition after garbage collection and put into the corresponding unloading point,to realize its intelligent classification function.It can automatically complete the established task autonomously.
文摘Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are disorders of the musculoskeletal system related to work. The objective of this study was to musculoskeletal disorders among SOGEAC handlers. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study over 6 months from November 2021 to April 2022. Results: We collected 110 handlers during the study. All of our population had postural constraints and were men. The average age of workers was 39.2 years. 93 handlers or 84.5% did manual handling, and 79% or 71.8% were baggage handlers. Regarding training, 88.2% or 97 handlers were trained, and 89.1% did alternating work. The standing posture was the most adopted with 89.1% followed by the kneeling position with 66.4%. 89.1% carried weights at work. 80 handlers or 73% had developed musculoskeletal disorders and the lumbar seat was found at 70%. The analysis of factors that may influence the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders did not find any statistically significant relation. Conclusion: Our study shows that musculoskeletal disorders are an occupational health problem and recommends better compliance with occupational safety and health instructions.
文摘This paper proposes an intelligent vehicle auxiliary handling system based on Internet of Things(IoT)technology,featuring an innovative holding mechanism design that adjusts to the length and width of various vehicles.The system combines precise positioning using satellite tracking technology,intelligent recognition via OpenCV,and the interconnectivity of IoT.This intelligent vehicle auxiliary handling system can independently identify vehicle positions and plan optimal handling paths,eliminating the traditional reliance on manual operation.It offers efficient and accurate handling,setting a new trend in the handling industry.Additionally,the system integrates seamlessly with parking lot management systems,providing real-time updates on vehicle locations and statuses.This allows managers to monitor the parking lot operations clearly and efficiently.This intelligent coordination greatly enhances overall work efficiency and streamlines parking management.Overall,the innovative design of the intelligent vehicle auxiliary handling system represents a significant breakthrough in both function and performance,gaining user favor with its smooth operation.Looking ahead,continued technological advancements and the expansion of application fields will bring even more vitality and intelligence to societal development.
文摘Aiming at various faults in an air conditioning system,the fault characteristics are analyzed.The influence of the faults on the energy consumption and thermal comfort of the system are also discussed.The simulation results show that the measurement faults of the supply air temperature can lead to the increase in energy consumption.According to the fault characteristics,a data-driven method based on a neural network is presented to detect and diagnose the faults of air handling units.First,the historical data are selected to train the neural network so that it can recognize and predict the operation of the system.Then,the faults can be diagnosed by calculating the relative errors denoting the difference between the measuring values and the prediction outputs.Finally,the fault diagnosis strategy using the neural network is validated by using a simulator based on the TRNSYS platform.The results show that the neural network can diagnose different faults of the temperature,the flow rate and the pressure sensors in the air conditioning system.
文摘A DC to 5GHz series MEMS switch is designed and fabricated for wireless communication applications,and thermal effect and power handling of the series switch are discussed.The switch is made on glass substrate,and gold platinum contact is used to get a stable and little insert loss.From DC to 5GHz,0 6dB insertion loss,30dB isolation,and 30μs delay are demonstrated.Thermal effect of the switch is tested in 85℃ and -55℃ atmosphere separately.From DC to 4GHz,the insert loss of the switch increases 0 2dB in 85℃ and 0 4dB in -55℃,while the isolation holds the same value as that in room temperature.To measure the power handling capability of the switch,we applied a continuous RF power increasing from 10dBm to 35 1dBm with the step of 1 0dBm across the switch at 4GHz.The switch keeps working and shows a decrease of the insert loss for 0 1～0 6dB.The maximum continuous power handling (35 1dBm,about 3 24W) is higer than the reported value of shunt switch (about 420mW),which implies series switches have much better power handling capability.
基金The authors thank the Higher Education Commission,Pakistan,for supporting this research under the project NRPU-8925(M.A.J.and H.U.K.),https://www.hec.gowpk/。
文摘The particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is an established nature-inspired population-based meta-heuristic that replicates the synchronizing movements of birds and sh.PSO is essentially an unconstrained algorithm and requires constraint handling techniques(CHTs)to solve constrained optimization problems(COPs).For this purpose,we integrate two CHTs,the superiority of feasibility(SF)and the violation constraint-handling(VCH),with a PSO.These CHTs distinguish feasible solutions from infeasible ones.Moreover,in SF,the selection of infeasible solutions is based on their degree of constraint violations,whereas in VCH,the number of constraint violations by an infeasible solution is of more importance.Therefore,a PSO is adapted for constrained optimization,yielding two constrained variants,denoted SF-PSO and VCH-PSO.Both SF-PSO and VCH-PSO are evaluated with respect to ve engineering problems:the Himmelblau’s nonlinear optimization,the welded beam design,the spring design,the pressure vessel design,and the three-bar truss design.The simulation results show that both algorithms are consistent in terms of their solutions to these problems,including their different available versions.Comparison of the SF-PSO and the VCHPSO with other existing algorithms on the tested problems shows that the proposed algorithms have lower computational cost in terms of the number of function evaluations used.We also report our disagreement with some unjust comparisons made by other researchers regarding the tested problems and their different variants.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No60503020)the National Basic Research Program of China (973Program) (No2002CB312000)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (NoBK2006094)the Science Research Foundation of China University of Mining and Technology
文摘To solve the problems that the exception handling code is hard to test and maintain and that it affects the robustness and reliability of software, a method for evaluating the exception handling of programs is presented. The exception propagation graph （EPG） that describes the large programs with exception handling constructs is proposed by simplifying the control flow graph and it is applied to a case to verify its validity. According to the EPG, the exception handling code that never executes is identified; the points that are the most critical to controlling exception propagation are found; and the irrational exception handling code is corrected. The constructing algorithm for the EPG is given; thus, this provides a basis for automatically constructing the EPG and automatically correcting the irrational exception handling code.
文摘Objectives: This paper examines the basic knowledge ofAIDS and HIV transmission through unsafe blood collec-tion and supply among rural Chinese doctors. It also ex-plores the accessibility of AIDS intervention methods inrural area. Methods: We did Case studies, held focus group discus-sions and provided questionnaires to all rural doctors inone township where the epidemic of HIV was known to bespread through blood collection and supply. Data were col-lected and analyzed with software EPI 6.0.Results: The effective response rate to the questionnairewas 100%. The results showed that more than 95% of in-formants gave correct answers to the questions about thesexual and blood-bourne transmission of HIV as well as itscontagiousness. Half of the participants were ignorant aboutmother to child transmission of HIV and did not know thatHIV couldn’t be transmitted by saliva, sweat, mosquito bites,sharing of bathtubs or toilets. More than 80% of infor-mants were opposed to blood selling and reportedly under-stood the objective of the blood organizers in their villages,knew the peak time of blood selling by the villagers, and ,were aware of the risks of diseases being spread throughblood. . 27.3% used disposable syringes ‘once in a while’,and 15.2% discarded or sold used disposable syringes.Conclusions: The authors assert that there are severe lurk-ing perils of iatrogenic cross infection in rural areas. Ruraldoctors urgently need formal training on prevention andtreatment of HIV infection. We believe that rural doctorsshould become the key force in AIDS prevention and con-trol in rural area.
