Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a chronic functional disorder which alters gastrointestinal(GI)functions,thus leading to compromised health status.Pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood,whereas abnormal gut br...Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a chronic functional disorder which alters gastrointestinal(GI)functions,thus leading to compromised health status.Pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood,whereas abnormal gut brain axis(GBA)has been identified as a major etiological factor.Recent studies are suggestive for visceral hyper-sensitivity,altered gut motility and dysfunctional autonomous nervous system as the main clinical abnormalities in IBS patients.Bidirectional signalling interactions among these abnormalities are derived through various exogenous and endogenous factors,such as microbiota population and diversity,microbial metabolites,dietary uptake,and psychological abnormalities.Strategic efforts focused to study these interactions including probiotics,antibiotics and fecal transplantations in normal and germfree animals are clearly suggestive for the pivotal role of gut microbiota in IBS etiology.Additionally,neurotransmitters act as communication tools between enteric microbiota and brain functions,where serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine)plays a key role in pathophysiology of IBS.It regulates GI motility,pain sense and inflammatory responses particular to mucosal and brain activity.In the absence of a better understanding of various interconnected crosstalks in GBA,more scientific efforts are required in the search of novel and targeted therapies for the management of IBS.In this review,we have summarized the gut microbial composition,interconnected signalling pathways and their regulators,available therapeutics,and the gaps needed to fill for a better management of IBS.展开更多
Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have rev...Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.展开更多
Chronotype is determined by circadian rhythms,influenced by polygenic variations and environmental factors. Typically, chronotypes are categorized into morning-, intermediate-, and evening-types^([1]). Most cognitive ...Chronotype is determined by circadian rhythms,influenced by polygenic variations and environmental factors. Typically, chronotypes are categorized into morning-, intermediate-, and evening-types^([1]). Most cognitive functions follow daily and circadian rhythms, with the “synchronization effect” reflecting performance variations between optimal and non-optimal times based on an individual's chronotype.展开更多
Background Major depressive disorder(MDD),characterised by persistent anhedonia and elevated suicide risk,represents a global mental health challenge.Recent studies suggest a link between gut-brain axis dysfunction an...Background Major depressive disorder(MDD),characterised by persistent anhedonia and elevated suicide risk,represents a global mental health challenge.Recent studies suggest a link between gut-brain axis dysfunction and depression.The natural compound paeoniflorin demonstrates clinically relevant antidepressant effects,yet its underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive.Aims This study aims to examine how paeoniflorin alleviates depression-like behaviours in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)by modulating the function of gut-brain axis,and explore the connections between gut microbiota,metabolites and MDD.Methods Depression-like behaviours in rats were induced by CUMS,and the antidepressant effect of paeoniflorin was assessed using behavioural tests.The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing,and metabolomic analysis was performed on serum,hippocampus,jejunum and faecal samples.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors and cortisol,as well as the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the jejunum of rats after cohousing.Long-term potentiation assays and Golgi staining were used to detect dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity,respectively.Results Paeoniflorin significantly alleviated depression-like behaviours and cognitive deficits in CUMS rats.16S rRNA sequencing revealed that paeoniflorin improved the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota in CUMS rats.Enrichment of differential metabolites in the brain,intestine,faeces and serum revealed a primary accumulation in the amino acid metabolism pathway.We further observed a correlation between the relative abundance of microbial communities and metabolites.Cohousing experiments verified that microbial metabolites of paeoniflorin can reduce neuroinflammation and improve synaptic plasticity.Conclusions Disruptions in gut microbiota and its metabolites impair gut-brain interactions.Paeoniflorin’s neuroprotective and antidepressant effects are mediated through the modulation of the function of the gut-brain axis.展开更多
With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterati...With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.展开更多
Functional dyspepsia(FD)remains a clinical challenge due to its heterogeneous symptoms,absence of identifiable structural abnormalities,and limited treatment efficacy[1]As FD coexists with psychological disturbances,i...Functional dyspepsia(FD)remains a clinical challenge due to its heterogeneous symptoms,absence of identifiable structural abnormalities,and limited treatment efficacy[1]As FD coexists with psychological disturbances,it is increasingly recognized as a disorder of the braingut axis,characterized by bidirectional dysregulation between the central and enteric nervous systems[2].展开更多
Early childhood growth and development is conditioned by the consecutive events belonging to perinatal programming. This critical window of life will be very sensitive to any event altering programming of the main bod...Early childhood growth and development is conditioned by the consecutive events belonging to perinatal programming. This critical window of life will be very sensitive to any event altering programming of the main body functions.Programming of gut function, which is starting right after conception, relates to a very well-established series of cellular and molecular events associating all types of cells present in this organ, including neurons, endocrine and immune cells. At birth, this machinery continues to settle with the establishment of extra connection between enteric and other systemic systems and is partially under the control of gut microbiota activity, itself being under the densification and the diversification of microorganisms’ population. As thus, any environmental factor interfering on this pre-established program may have a strong incidence on body functions. For all these reasons, pregnant women, fetuses and infants will be particularly susceptible to environmental factors and especially food contaminants. In this review, we will summarize the actual understanding of the consequences of repeated low-level exposure to major food contaminants on gut homeostasis settlement and on brain/gut axis communication considering the pivotal role played by the gut microbiota during the fetal and postnatal stages and the presumed consequences of these food toxicants on the individuals especially in relation with the risks of developing later in life non-communicable chronic diseases.展开更多
Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and f...Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and functions performed by probiotics in the GM are increasingly at the centre of both scientific,medical,and pharmaceutical interest.It is now known that diet and probiotics can modify the GM,although in these situations there is a need for greater and more in-depth research regarding the methods and timing of treatment.However,the relationship between physical activity,GM,and probiotics is still largely unclear,as regards certain mechanisms between physical exercise and probiotics in humans.Discussion:In this study,we tried to demonstrate whether and how physical exercise was able to alter the composition of the microbiota and how probiotics can facilitate it.Therefore,alteration of the microbiota was considered in terms of both diversity and composition.Conclusions:The ones examined propose vastly different physical exercises,both in terms of timing and type of intervention itself,and the use of probiotics.展开更多
Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is closely associated with the pathological manifestations of multiple neurodegenerative diseases via the gut-brain axis,which refers to the crosstalk between the gut...Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is closely associated with the pathological manifestations of multiple neurodegenerative diseases via the gut-brain axis,which refers to the crosstalk between the gut and the central nervous system.More importantly,mitochondria have been considered prominent mediators of the interplay between the gut microbiota and the brain.Intestinal microbes may modulate mitochondrial function in the central nervous system to affect the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.Mitochondria are essential for meeting the host’s substantial neuronal metabolic demands,maintaining excitability,and facilitating synaptic transmission.Dysfunctional mitochondria are considered critical hallmarks of various neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,this review provides novel insights into the intricate roles of gut microbiota-mitochondrial crosstalk in the underlying mechanisms during the progression of neurodegeneration,as well as the existing potential therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.These suggest intestinal microbiota-mitochondrial interaction play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases,and targeting this interaction may be a promising therapeutic approach to neurodegenerative diseases.However,this review found that there was relatively little research on the effect of this crosstalk on other neurodegenerative diseases,such as Huntington’s disease and Multiple sclerosis,and the potential therapeutic strategies were translated into clinical trials,which face many challenges in developing personalized treatment plans based on the unique gut microbiota of different individuals.展开更多
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health,influencing diverse physiological processes,including those related to sexual health.Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between the gut micr...The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health,influencing diverse physiological processes,including those related to sexual health.Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and sexual health,mediated by its impact on systemic inflammation,hormonal regulation,and immune function.A balanced gut microbiota supports optimal levels of sex hormones,such as estrogen and testosterone,which are critical for sexual function and reproductive health.Additionally,gut-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids contribute to maintaining mucosal barrier integrity and regulating immune responses,which are essential for protecting against infections that may impair sexual health.Conversely,dysbiosis,an imbalance in gut microbial composition,has been linked to conditions such as erectile dysfunction,polycystic ovary syndrome,and reduced libido,emphasizing its role in sexual dysfunction.Lifestyle factors,including diet,stress,and antibiotic use,can modulate the gut microbiota and,consequently,sexual health outcomes.Recent therapeutic approaches,such as probiotics,prebiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation,offer potential for restoring gut balance and improving sexual health.This review highlights the central role of the gut microbiota in sexual health,emphasizing its importance as a target for therapeutic interventions to enhance overall well-being.展开更多
The central nervous system(CNS)is a reservoir of immune privilege.Specialized immune glial cells are responsible for maintenance and defense against foreign invaders.The blood–brain barrier(BBB)prevents detrimental p...The central nervous system(CNS)is a reservoir of immune privilege.Specialized immune glial cells are responsible for maintenance and defense against foreign invaders.The blood–brain barrier(BBB)prevents detrimental pathogens and potentially overreactive immune cells from entering the periphery.When the double-edged neuroinflammatory response is overloaded,it no longer has the protective function of promoting neuroregeneration.Notably,microbiota and its derivatives may emerge as pathogen-associated molecular patterns of brain pathology,causing microbiome–gut–brain axis dysregulation from the bottom-up.When dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal flora leads to subsequent alterations in BBB permeability,peripheral immune cells are recruited to the brain.This results in amplification of neuroinflammatory circuits in the brain,which eventually leads to specific neurological disorders.Aggressive treatment strategies for gastrointestinal disorders may protect against specific immune responses to gastrointestinal disorders,which can lead to potential protective effects in the CNS.Accordingly,this study investigated the mutual effects of microbiota and the gut–brain axis,which may provide targeting strategies for future disease treatment.展开更多
Background Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)lacks definitive treatment,but recent research has highlighted the potential of gut‒brain axis-targeted therapies for managing ASD symptoms in children.This review evaluated the...Background Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)lacks definitive treatment,but recent research has highlighted the potential of gut‒brain axis-targeted therapies for managing ASD symptoms in children.This review evaluated the effects of microbiota transplantation(MT),probiotics,dietary interventions,and nutritional supplements on ASD symptoms in children.Data sources A systematic review was conducted via PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,and Web of Science to identify studies published up to June 2024.The inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed articles encompassing both observational studies and interventional trials,and studies specifically targeted symptoms of ASD and included patients under the age of 18,with a minimum sample size of 20 participants.Results Of the 3424 identified studies,31 met the inclusion criteria.MT emerged as the most consistently effective intervention,showing improvements across multiple symptom domains,including behavior and social interaction,particularly for individuals with severe gastrointestinal(GI)issues.Probiotics have reported strain-specific efficacy,with some studies reporting behavioral improvements,but the results have been inconsistent.Dietary interventions,such as gluten-free casein-free and modified Atkins diets,have shown partial efficacy,particularly for individuals with cooccurring GI symptoms,with adherence challenges and variability in outcomes.Nutritional supplements yielded mixed outcomes,highlighting the need for personalized approaches.Despite promising findings,significant heterogeneity in study protocols and outcome measures underscores the need for standardized methodologies.Future research should prioritize standardization of these protocols.Long-term studies and longitudinal designs can help increase the reliability and practicality.Precision strategies based on individual microbiota compositions and genomics could optimize outcomes.Combined therapies should undergo rigorous evaluation.Reliable markers could improve cost-effectiveness by targeting therapies to responders.Broader research populations,economic evaluations,new technologies and interdisciplinary research will contribute to achieving a broader application and better outcomes.Conclusions This review emphasizes the potential of gut‒brain axis-targeted therapies to improve the quality of life of children with ASD and their families.MT showed the most consistent improvements in managing pediatric ASD symptoms,with probiotics,dietary interventions,and nutritional supplements offering additional,albeit variable benefits.Efforts should be made to standardize the protocols,to conduct long-term studies,and to explore cost-effective solutions to ensure accessibility,particularly in resource-limited settings.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)have been increasingly evidenced to be important bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota and transducers in controlling diverse psychiatric or neurological disorders via the microbiot...Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)have been increasingly evidenced to be important bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota and transducers in controlling diverse psychiatric or neurological disorders via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.However,the precise mechanism by which brain SCFAs extert multiple beneficial effects is not completely understood.Our previous research has demonstrated that the acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase short-chain family member 2(ACSS2)is a novel target of the rapid and long-lasting antidepressant responses.Here,we show that micromolar SCFAs significantly augment both total cellular and nuclear ACSS2 to trigger tryptophan hydroxylase 2(TPH2)promoter histone acetylation and its transcription in SH-SY5Y cells.In chronic-restraint-stress-induced depression mice,neuronal ACSS2 knockdown by stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus in the hippocampus abolished SCFA-mediated improvements in depressive-like behaviors of mice,supporting that ACSS2 is required for SCFA-mediated antidepressant responses.Mechanistically,the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)is identified as a novel partner of ACSS2 to activate TPH2 transcription.Importantly,PPARγis also responsible for SCFA-mediated antidepressant-like effects via ACSS2-TPH2 axis.To further support brain SCFAs as a therapeutic target for antidepressant effects,d-mannose,which is a naturally present hexose,can significantly reverse the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in the chronic-restraint-stress-exposure mice and augment brain SCFAs to protect against the depressive-like behaviors via ACSS2-PPARγ-TPH2 axis.In summary,brain SCFAs can activate ACSS2-PPARγ-TPH2 axis to play the antidepressive-like effects,and d-mannose is suggested to be an inducer of brain SCFAs in resisting depression.展开更多
The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically revie...The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically reviewed.Here,we outline the components of the cGAS–STING pathway and then analyze its role in autophagy,ferroptosis,cellular pyroptosis,disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis,inflammatory responses,disruption of the blood–brain barrier,microglia transformation,and complement system activation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.We further analyze the value of cGAS–STING pathway inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and conclude that the pathway can regulate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple mechanisms.Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway may be helpful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.展开更多
To the Editor:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a life-threatening condition and global public health concern in both developed and developing countries.[1]During the last few decades,the morbidity and mortality associate...To the Editor:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a life-threatening condition and global public health concern in both developed and developing countries.[1]During the last few decades,the morbidity and mortality associated with TBI have decreased.However,the precise mechanisms that contribute to the outcomes remain unclear.Recently,researchers have become aware that owing to the brain–gut axis interaction,the central nervous system is closely related to the gut microbiota.[2]Many studies have correlated the gut microbiota and its metabolites with autism,depression,stroke,and Parkinson’s disease.[3]Whether changes in the gut microbial composition affect TBI remains largely unknown.Metabolomics,a method focuses on deriving a comprehensive analysis of low-molecular-weight endogenous metabolites in biofluids or tissues and has been used to explore metabolic changes in a variety of diseases.However,the relationship between the metabolome and TBI outcomes or progression and the relationship between the gut microbiome and TBI remain unclear.Hence,we compared the gut microbiome and serum metabolome of patients with TBI and healthy individuals to identify specific bacterial and serum metabolome differences.展开更多
The gut microbiota produces short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),mainly acetate,propionate,and butyrate,through the fermentation of dietary fibers.These SCFAs influence host physiology by regulating metabolism,immune respon...The gut microbiota produces short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),mainly acetate,propionate,and butyrate,through the fermentation of dietary fibers.These SCFAs influence host physiology by regulating metabolism,immune responses,and neuroendocrine signaling.They can cross the blood-brain barrier,modulating brain functions via G protein-coupled receptors,histone deacetylase inhibition,and neuroimmune pathways.Emerging evidence suggests SCFAs impact memory and learning,with acetate showing neuroprotective potential,propionate dis-playing context-dependent effects,and butyrate enhancing neuroplasticity and cognition through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)upregulation.Preclinical studies indicate synergistic benefits of SCFA supplementation in models of Alzheimer’s disease,cerebrovascular injury,and chronic inflammation.However,clinical trials remain limited and heterogeneous,lacking mechanistic biomarkers.SCFAs hold promise as nutraceutical candidates for cognitive modulation in neuropsychiatric,neurodegenerative,and metabolic disorders,necessitating further translational studies to confirm safety,effi-cacy,and therapeutic potential.展开更多
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. Dysregulation of the gut–brain axis plays a central role in the pathophysiology of IBS. It is increasingly clear that the mic...BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. Dysregulation of the gut–brain axis plays a central role in the pathophysiology of IBS. It is increasingly clear that the microbiome plays a key role in the development and normal functioning of the gut–brain axis.AIM To facilitate the identification of specific areas of focus that may be of relevance to future research. This study represents a bibliometric analysis of the literature pertaining to the microbiome in IBS to understand the development of this field.METHODS The data used in our bibliometric analysis were retrieved from the Scopus database. The terms related to IBS and microbiome were searched in titles or abstracts within the period of 2000–2019. VOSviewer software was used for data visualization.RESULTS A total of 13055 documents related to IBS were retrieved at the global level. There were 1872 scientific publications focused on the microbiome in IBS. There was a strong positive correlation between publication productivity related to IBS in all fields and productivity related to the microbiome in IBS(r = 0.951, P < 0.001). The United States was the most prolific country with 449(24%) publications, followed by the United Kingdom(n = 176, 9.4%), China(n = 154, 8.2%), and Italy(n = 151, 8.1%). The h-index for all retrieved publications related to the microbiome in IBS was 138. The hot topics were stratified into four clusters:(1) The gut–brain axis related to IBS;(2) Clinical trials related to IBS and the microbiome;(3) Drugmediated manipulation of the gut microbiome;and(4) The role of the altered composition of intestinal microbiota in IBS prevention.CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate and quantify global research productivity pertaining to the microbiome in IBS. The number of publications regarding the gut microbiota in IBS has continuously grown since 2013. This finding suggests that the future outlook for interventions targeting the gut microbiota in IBS remains promising.展开更多
Autism is a highly heterogeneous condition,characterized by persistent challenges in social interaction[1].In recent years,there has been an emerging focus on the bidirectional communication between the brain and gast...Autism is a highly heterogeneous condition,characterized by persistent challenges in social interaction[1].In recent years,there has been an emerging focus on the bidirectional communication between the brain and gastrointestinal tract as well as its microbiome,known as the gut microbiome-brain(GMB)axis.GMB axis has been suggested to contribute to the etiology of autism[2],and the gut microbiome might take the mediating role in the context of GMB axis[3].展开更多
Depression is the main cause of the global mental health burden and was recently reported to be correlated with constipation[1,2].Scattered reports have demonstrated that the association between mood disorders and gas...Depression is the main cause of the global mental health burden and was recently reported to be correlated with constipation[1,2].Scattered reports have demonstrated that the association between mood disorders and gastrointestinal disturbances may be related to cross-talk between the gut and the central nervous system,referred to as the gut-brain axis[3].Recent studies reported that the gut microbiome facilitates gut-brain communication,and the importance of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in the pathogenesis of depression has become appreciated[4].展开更多
High stocking density disrupts rabbit welfare and compromises meat quality through neuro-immune dysregu-lation.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil(LO)and Lactobacillus rh...High stocking density disrupts rabbit welfare and compromises meat quality through neuro-immune dysregu-lation.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil(LO)and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R1030(L.rhamnosus),individually or in combination,as non-pharmacological interventions to alle-viate confinement stress,restore physiological balance,and improve meat quality in rabbits.Thirty-six male New Zealand White rabbits(5 weeks old)were randomized to six groups(n=6;28 days):G1,normal-space control;G2,low-space control;G3,fluoxetine 10 mg/kg/day;G4,LO 200 mg/kg/day;G5,LR 1×10^(9)CFU/day;G6,LO+LR.Outcomes were serum cortisol,cytokines(IL-6,TNF-α,IL-10),IgG;brain neurotransmitters[Serotonin(5HT),dopamine(DA),gamma amino butyric acid(GABA)];and longissimus muscle quality(pH,L*,a*,b*,Warner-Bratzler shear force,malondialdehyde(MDA),water losses,composition).One-way ANOVA showed significant group effects across primary endpoints(all p≤0.05),with particularly strong effects for cortisol and MDA(both p<0.001)and for 5-HT and DA(p<0.001).Versus the low-space control(G2),LO(G4)and LR(G5)each reduced cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines,increased 5-HT/DA/GABA,and improved color/oxidative stability;the combination(G6)produced the largest improvements(post-hoc p<0.05),normalizing pH stability,lowering MDA and shear force,and enhancing water-holding capacity and amino-acid profile.In conclusion,the LO and LR-particularly in combination-counteract confinement-induced neurochemical,immune,and meta-bolic disturbances,restoring meat quality and physiological balance in rabbits;In silico docking further supports the mechanistic plausibility of this combined,non-pharmacological approach for intensive production systems.展开更多
基金financial support from UGC/Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,New Delhi,India in the form of Junior and Senior Research Fellowshipsfinancial support from UGC in the form of CRET fellowship.
文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a chronic functional disorder which alters gastrointestinal(GI)functions,thus leading to compromised health status.Pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood,whereas abnormal gut brain axis(GBA)has been identified as a major etiological factor.Recent studies are suggestive for visceral hyper-sensitivity,altered gut motility and dysfunctional autonomous nervous system as the main clinical abnormalities in IBS patients.Bidirectional signalling interactions among these abnormalities are derived through various exogenous and endogenous factors,such as microbiota population and diversity,microbial metabolites,dietary uptake,and psychological abnormalities.Strategic efforts focused to study these interactions including probiotics,antibiotics and fecal transplantations in normal and germfree animals are clearly suggestive for the pivotal role of gut microbiota in IBS etiology.Additionally,neurotransmitters act as communication tools between enteric microbiota and brain functions,where serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine)plays a key role in pathophysiology of IBS.It regulates GI motility,pain sense and inflammatory responses particular to mucosal and brain activity.In the absence of a better understanding of various interconnected crosstalks in GBA,more scientific efforts are required in the search of novel and targeted therapies for the management of IBS.In this review,we have summarized the gut microbial composition,interconnected signalling pathways and their regulators,available therapeutics,and the gaps needed to fill for a better management of IBS.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2023A1515030045(to HS)Presidential Foundation of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University,No.yzjj2022ms4(to HS)。
文摘Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.
基金supported by Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University,Jiangsu Province High-Level Hospital Construction Funds(Grant No.GSP-LCYJFH07)。
文摘Chronotype is determined by circadian rhythms,influenced by polygenic variations and environmental factors. Typically, chronotypes are categorized into morning-, intermediate-, and evening-types^([1]). Most cognitive functions follow daily and circadian rhythms, with the “synchronization effect” reflecting performance variations between optimal and non-optimal times based on an individual's chronotype.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No 82305144)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project for Universities(No 23KJB360004)the National Natural Science Foundation Supporting Project of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(No XPT82305144).
文摘Background Major depressive disorder(MDD),characterised by persistent anhedonia and elevated suicide risk,represents a global mental health challenge.Recent studies suggest a link between gut-brain axis dysfunction and depression.The natural compound paeoniflorin demonstrates clinically relevant antidepressant effects,yet its underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive.Aims This study aims to examine how paeoniflorin alleviates depression-like behaviours in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)by modulating the function of gut-brain axis,and explore the connections between gut microbiota,metabolites and MDD.Methods Depression-like behaviours in rats were induced by CUMS,and the antidepressant effect of paeoniflorin was assessed using behavioural tests.The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing,and metabolomic analysis was performed on serum,hippocampus,jejunum and faecal samples.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors and cortisol,as well as the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the jejunum of rats after cohousing.Long-term potentiation assays and Golgi staining were used to detect dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity,respectively.Results Paeoniflorin significantly alleviated depression-like behaviours and cognitive deficits in CUMS rats.16S rRNA sequencing revealed that paeoniflorin improved the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota in CUMS rats.Enrichment of differential metabolites in the brain,intestine,faeces and serum revealed a primary accumulation in the amino acid metabolism pathway.We further observed a correlation between the relative abundance of microbial communities and metabolites.Cohousing experiments verified that microbial metabolites of paeoniflorin can reduce neuroinflammation and improve synaptic plasticity.Conclusions Disruptions in gut microbiota and its metabolites impair gut-brain interactions.Paeoniflorin’s neuroprotective and antidepressant effects are mediated through the modulation of the function of the gut-brain axis.
基金supported by the Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Foundation,No.22HHXBSS00047(to PL)Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Tianjin,No.2022BKY173(to LZ)Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Foundation,No.20201194(to PL).
文摘With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82293651)the Strategic Research and Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(No.2024-XZ-68).
文摘Functional dyspepsia(FD)remains a clinical challenge due to its heterogeneous symptoms,absence of identifiable structural abnormalities,and limited treatment efficacy[1]As FD coexists with psychological disturbances,it is increasingly recognized as a disorder of the braingut axis,characterized by bidirectional dysregulation between the central and enteric nervous systems[2].
文摘Early childhood growth and development is conditioned by the consecutive events belonging to perinatal programming. This critical window of life will be very sensitive to any event altering programming of the main body functions.Programming of gut function, which is starting right after conception, relates to a very well-established series of cellular and molecular events associating all types of cells present in this organ, including neurons, endocrine and immune cells. At birth, this machinery continues to settle with the establishment of extra connection between enteric and other systemic systems and is partially under the control of gut microbiota activity, itself being under the densification and the diversification of microorganisms’ population. As thus, any environmental factor interfering on this pre-established program may have a strong incidence on body functions. For all these reasons, pregnant women, fetuses and infants will be particularly susceptible to environmental factors and especially food contaminants. In this review, we will summarize the actual understanding of the consequences of repeated low-level exposure to major food contaminants on gut homeostasis settlement and on brain/gut axis communication considering the pivotal role played by the gut microbiota during the fetal and postnatal stages and the presumed consequences of these food toxicants on the individuals especially in relation with the risks of developing later in life non-communicable chronic diseases.
文摘Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and functions performed by probiotics in the GM are increasingly at the centre of both scientific,medical,and pharmaceutical interest.It is now known that diet and probiotics can modify the GM,although in these situations there is a need for greater and more in-depth research regarding the methods and timing of treatment.However,the relationship between physical activity,GM,and probiotics is still largely unclear,as regards certain mechanisms between physical exercise and probiotics in humans.Discussion:In this study,we tried to demonstrate whether and how physical exercise was able to alter the composition of the microbiota and how probiotics can facilitate it.Therefore,alteration of the microbiota was considered in terms of both diversity and composition.Conclusions:The ones examined propose vastly different physical exercises,both in terms of timing and type of intervention itself,and the use of probiotics.
基金supported by General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82370986(to LAW)Shaanxi Provincial NaturalScience Foundation Key Project,No.2023-JC-ZD-56(to SS).
文摘Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is closely associated with the pathological manifestations of multiple neurodegenerative diseases via the gut-brain axis,which refers to the crosstalk between the gut and the central nervous system.More importantly,mitochondria have been considered prominent mediators of the interplay between the gut microbiota and the brain.Intestinal microbes may modulate mitochondrial function in the central nervous system to affect the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.Mitochondria are essential for meeting the host’s substantial neuronal metabolic demands,maintaining excitability,and facilitating synaptic transmission.Dysfunctional mitochondria are considered critical hallmarks of various neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,this review provides novel insights into the intricate roles of gut microbiota-mitochondrial crosstalk in the underlying mechanisms during the progression of neurodegeneration,as well as the existing potential therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.These suggest intestinal microbiota-mitochondrial interaction play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases,and targeting this interaction may be a promising therapeutic approach to neurodegenerative diseases.However,this review found that there was relatively little research on the effect of this crosstalk on other neurodegenerative diseases,such as Huntington’s disease and Multiple sclerosis,and the potential therapeutic strategies were translated into clinical trials,which face many challenges in developing personalized treatment plans based on the unique gut microbiota of different individuals.
文摘The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health,influencing diverse physiological processes,including those related to sexual health.Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and sexual health,mediated by its impact on systemic inflammation,hormonal regulation,and immune function.A balanced gut microbiota supports optimal levels of sex hormones,such as estrogen and testosterone,which are critical for sexual function and reproductive health.Additionally,gut-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids contribute to maintaining mucosal barrier integrity and regulating immune responses,which are essential for protecting against infections that may impair sexual health.Conversely,dysbiosis,an imbalance in gut microbial composition,has been linked to conditions such as erectile dysfunction,polycystic ovary syndrome,and reduced libido,emphasizing its role in sexual dysfunction.Lifestyle factors,including diet,stress,and antibiotic use,can modulate the gut microbiota and,consequently,sexual health outcomes.Recent therapeutic approaches,such as probiotics,prebiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation,offer potential for restoring gut balance and improving sexual health.This review highlights the central role of the gut microbiota in sexual health,emphasizing its importance as a target for therapeutic interventions to enhance overall well-being.
文摘The central nervous system(CNS)is a reservoir of immune privilege.Specialized immune glial cells are responsible for maintenance and defense against foreign invaders.The blood–brain barrier(BBB)prevents detrimental pathogens and potentially overreactive immune cells from entering the periphery.When the double-edged neuroinflammatory response is overloaded,it no longer has the protective function of promoting neuroregeneration.Notably,microbiota and its derivatives may emerge as pathogen-associated molecular patterns of brain pathology,causing microbiome–gut–brain axis dysregulation from the bottom-up.When dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal flora leads to subsequent alterations in BBB permeability,peripheral immune cells are recruited to the brain.This results in amplification of neuroinflammatory circuits in the brain,which eventually leads to specific neurological disorders.Aggressive treatment strategies for gastrointestinal disorders may protect against specific immune responses to gastrointestinal disorders,which can lead to potential protective effects in the CNS.Accordingly,this study investigated the mutual effects of microbiota and the gut–brain axis,which may provide targeting strategies for future disease treatment.
基金supported by a grant from Kyung Hee University in 2023(KHU-20230895).
文摘Background Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)lacks definitive treatment,but recent research has highlighted the potential of gut‒brain axis-targeted therapies for managing ASD symptoms in children.This review evaluated the effects of microbiota transplantation(MT),probiotics,dietary interventions,and nutritional supplements on ASD symptoms in children.Data sources A systematic review was conducted via PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,and Web of Science to identify studies published up to June 2024.The inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed articles encompassing both observational studies and interventional trials,and studies specifically targeted symptoms of ASD and included patients under the age of 18,with a minimum sample size of 20 participants.Results Of the 3424 identified studies,31 met the inclusion criteria.MT emerged as the most consistently effective intervention,showing improvements across multiple symptom domains,including behavior and social interaction,particularly for individuals with severe gastrointestinal(GI)issues.Probiotics have reported strain-specific efficacy,with some studies reporting behavioral improvements,but the results have been inconsistent.Dietary interventions,such as gluten-free casein-free and modified Atkins diets,have shown partial efficacy,particularly for individuals with cooccurring GI symptoms,with adherence challenges and variability in outcomes.Nutritional supplements yielded mixed outcomes,highlighting the need for personalized approaches.Despite promising findings,significant heterogeneity in study protocols and outcome measures underscores the need for standardized methodologies.Future research should prioritize standardization of these protocols.Long-term studies and longitudinal designs can help increase the reliability and practicality.Precision strategies based on individual microbiota compositions and genomics could optimize outcomes.Combined therapies should undergo rigorous evaluation.Reliable markers could improve cost-effectiveness by targeting therapies to responders.Broader research populations,economic evaluations,new technologies and interdisciplinary research will contribute to achieving a broader application and better outcomes.Conclusions This review emphasizes the potential of gut‒brain axis-targeted therapies to improve the quality of life of children with ASD and their families.MT showed the most consistent improvements in managing pediatric ASD symptoms,with probiotics,dietary interventions,and nutritional supplements offering additional,albeit variable benefits.Efforts should be made to standardize the protocols,to conduct long-term studies,and to explore cost-effective solutions to ensure accessibility,particularly in resource-limited settings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101606,82173105,81771775,81971471,and 32270800)Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)(2022HWYQ-028)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022MC012).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)have been increasingly evidenced to be important bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota and transducers in controlling diverse psychiatric or neurological disorders via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.However,the precise mechanism by which brain SCFAs extert multiple beneficial effects is not completely understood.Our previous research has demonstrated that the acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase short-chain family member 2(ACSS2)is a novel target of the rapid and long-lasting antidepressant responses.Here,we show that micromolar SCFAs significantly augment both total cellular and nuclear ACSS2 to trigger tryptophan hydroxylase 2(TPH2)promoter histone acetylation and its transcription in SH-SY5Y cells.In chronic-restraint-stress-induced depression mice,neuronal ACSS2 knockdown by stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus in the hippocampus abolished SCFA-mediated improvements in depressive-like behaviors of mice,supporting that ACSS2 is required for SCFA-mediated antidepressant responses.Mechanistically,the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)is identified as a novel partner of ACSS2 to activate TPH2 transcription.Importantly,PPARγis also responsible for SCFA-mediated antidepressant-like effects via ACSS2-TPH2 axis.To further support brain SCFAs as a therapeutic target for antidepressant effects,d-mannose,which is a naturally present hexose,can significantly reverse the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in the chronic-restraint-stress-exposure mice and augment brain SCFAs to protect against the depressive-like behaviors via ACSS2-PPARγ-TPH2 axis.In summary,brain SCFAs can activate ACSS2-PPARγ-TPH2 axis to play the antidepressive-like effects,and d-mannose is suggested to be an inducer of brain SCFAs in resisting depression.
基金supported by Yuan Du Scholars,Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University,No.2022WYFYLCYJ02Weifang Key Laboratory,Weifang Science and Technology Development Plan Project Medical Category,No.2022YX093.
文摘The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically reviewed.Here,we outline the components of the cGAS–STING pathway and then analyze its role in autophagy,ferroptosis,cellular pyroptosis,disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis,inflammatory responses,disruption of the blood–brain barrier,microglia transformation,and complement system activation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.We further analyze the value of cGAS–STING pathway inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and conclude that the pathway can regulate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple mechanisms.Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway may be helpful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82202438)Clinical and Translational Research Project of Anhui Province(No.202427b10020130)+3 种基金Beijing Postdoctoral Foundation(No.2020-ZZ-008)Returned overseas students from Anhui Province in 2020 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Support Plan Project(No.2020LCX016)Funding of The Anhui Universal Natural Science Foundation(No.KJ2020A0172)Cultivate Funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2016KJ12).
文摘To the Editor:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a life-threatening condition and global public health concern in both developed and developing countries.[1]During the last few decades,the morbidity and mortality associated with TBI have decreased.However,the precise mechanisms that contribute to the outcomes remain unclear.Recently,researchers have become aware that owing to the brain–gut axis interaction,the central nervous system is closely related to the gut microbiota.[2]Many studies have correlated the gut microbiota and its metabolites with autism,depression,stroke,and Parkinson’s disease.[3]Whether changes in the gut microbial composition affect TBI remains largely unknown.Metabolomics,a method focuses on deriving a comprehensive analysis of low-molecular-weight endogenous metabolites in biofluids or tissues and has been used to explore metabolic changes in a variety of diseases.However,the relationship between the metabolome and TBI outcomes or progression and the relationship between the gut microbiome and TBI remain unclear.Hence,we compared the gut microbiome and serum metabolome of patients with TBI and healthy individuals to identify specific bacterial and serum metabolome differences.
基金supported by the Research Excellence Program-Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes(IAM-PROEP#400208/2019-9)the Knowledge Generation Program of the Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz(FIOCRUZ,#VPPCB-007-FIO-18-2-17)+2 种基金the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq,#301891/2022-2)Pernambuco Science Support Foundation(FACEPEBFP-0434-2.10/24).
文摘The gut microbiota produces short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),mainly acetate,propionate,and butyrate,through the fermentation of dietary fibers.These SCFAs influence host physiology by regulating metabolism,immune responses,and neuroendocrine signaling.They can cross the blood-brain barrier,modulating brain functions via G protein-coupled receptors,histone deacetylase inhibition,and neuroimmune pathways.Emerging evidence suggests SCFAs impact memory and learning,with acetate showing neuroprotective potential,propionate dis-playing context-dependent effects,and butyrate enhancing neuroplasticity and cognition through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)upregulation.Preclinical studies indicate synergistic benefits of SCFA supplementation in models of Alzheimer’s disease,cerebrovascular injury,and chronic inflammation.However,clinical trials remain limited and heterogeneous,lacking mechanistic biomarkers.SCFAs hold promise as nutraceutical candidates for cognitive modulation in neuropsychiatric,neurodegenerative,and metabolic disorders,necessitating further translational studies to confirm safety,effi-cacy,and therapeutic potential.
文摘BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. Dysregulation of the gut–brain axis plays a central role in the pathophysiology of IBS. It is increasingly clear that the microbiome plays a key role in the development and normal functioning of the gut–brain axis.AIM To facilitate the identification of specific areas of focus that may be of relevance to future research. This study represents a bibliometric analysis of the literature pertaining to the microbiome in IBS to understand the development of this field.METHODS The data used in our bibliometric analysis were retrieved from the Scopus database. The terms related to IBS and microbiome were searched in titles or abstracts within the period of 2000–2019. VOSviewer software was used for data visualization.RESULTS A total of 13055 documents related to IBS were retrieved at the global level. There were 1872 scientific publications focused on the microbiome in IBS. There was a strong positive correlation between publication productivity related to IBS in all fields and productivity related to the microbiome in IBS(r = 0.951, P < 0.001). The United States was the most prolific country with 449(24%) publications, followed by the United Kingdom(n = 176, 9.4%), China(n = 154, 8.2%), and Italy(n = 151, 8.1%). The h-index for all retrieved publications related to the microbiome in IBS was 138. The hot topics were stratified into four clusters:(1) The gut–brain axis related to IBS;(2) Clinical trials related to IBS and the microbiome;(3) Drugmediated manipulation of the gut microbiome;and(4) The role of the altered composition of intestinal microbiota in IBS prevention.CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate and quantify global research productivity pertaining to the microbiome in IBS. The number of publications regarding the gut microbiota in IBS has continuously grown since 2013. This finding suggests that the future outlook for interventions targeting the gut microbiota in IBS remains promising.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2023B0303020001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82322035,62273076,and 62036003)the National Social Science Foundation of China(20&ZD296)。
文摘Autism is a highly heterogeneous condition,characterized by persistent challenges in social interaction[1].In recent years,there has been an emerging focus on the bidirectional communication between the brain and gastrointestinal tract as well as its microbiome,known as the gut microbiome-brain(GMB)axis.GMB axis has been suggested to contribute to the etiology of autism[2],and the gut microbiome might take the mediating role in the context of GMB axis[3].
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100100)the 111 Project of the Education Ministry of China 577(B18053)the National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(2022-KYGG-6).
文摘Depression is the main cause of the global mental health burden and was recently reported to be correlated with constipation[1,2].Scattered reports have demonstrated that the association between mood disorders and gastrointestinal disturbances may be related to cross-talk between the gut and the central nervous system,referred to as the gut-brain axis[3].Recent studies reported that the gut microbiome facilitates gut-brain communication,and the importance of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in the pathogenesis of depression has become appreciated[4].
文摘High stocking density disrupts rabbit welfare and compromises meat quality through neuro-immune dysregu-lation.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil(LO)and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R1030(L.rhamnosus),individually or in combination,as non-pharmacological interventions to alle-viate confinement stress,restore physiological balance,and improve meat quality in rabbits.Thirty-six male New Zealand White rabbits(5 weeks old)were randomized to six groups(n=6;28 days):G1,normal-space control;G2,low-space control;G3,fluoxetine 10 mg/kg/day;G4,LO 200 mg/kg/day;G5,LR 1×10^(9)CFU/day;G6,LO+LR.Outcomes were serum cortisol,cytokines(IL-6,TNF-α,IL-10),IgG;brain neurotransmitters[Serotonin(5HT),dopamine(DA),gamma amino butyric acid(GABA)];and longissimus muscle quality(pH,L*,a*,b*,Warner-Bratzler shear force,malondialdehyde(MDA),water losses,composition).One-way ANOVA showed significant group effects across primary endpoints(all p≤0.05),with particularly strong effects for cortisol and MDA(both p<0.001)and for 5-HT and DA(p<0.001).Versus the low-space control(G2),LO(G4)and LR(G5)each reduced cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines,increased 5-HT/DA/GABA,and improved color/oxidative stability;the combination(G6)produced the largest improvements(post-hoc p<0.05),normalizing pH stability,lowering MDA and shear force,and enhancing water-holding capacity and amino-acid profile.In conclusion,the LO and LR-particularly in combination-counteract confinement-induced neurochemical,immune,and meta-bolic disturbances,restoring meat quality and physiological balance in rabbits;In silico docking further supports the mechanistic plausibility of this combined,non-pharmacological approach for intensive production systems.
