Director of the R & D center of the State Council, Mr Chen Qingtai affirmed, in his recent report, that China'snon-government enterprises can sufficiently Promote our economic growth, in view of their thriving...Director of the R & D center of the State Council, Mr Chen Qingtai affirmed, in his recent report, that China'snon-government enterprises can sufficiently Promote our economic growth, in view of their thriving in theChinese system, congenial weakness is inevitable, therefore, China's non-government enterprises must improvethemselves and strive to overcome congenial shortcomings. In the end, Mr Chen Qingtai appealed for anadjustment of related policies by authorities.展开更多
On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers'cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and ...On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers'cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and social development index and 13 second level indexes including aggregate capital of cooperative organization,annual profit share of cooperative organization,annual total income of cooperative organization,etc.,are established according to the principles of Systematics and the methods of Statistics and Quantitative economics.By using the analytical hierarchy process,the weight of each index is tested and the operation result and evaluation mode is established,as well as the index standard value and comprehensive value.As for the result of the evaluation,it is suggested that the government should support the farmers'cooperative organizations in hierarchy and targeted way according to local conditions.Though the construction of index system and comprehensive score,the government should establish the entry and exit mechanism of farmers'cooperative organizations to reasonably guild the rapid development of cooperators.展开更多
Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era ...Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era records shows that over a century ago government agencies undertook irrigation support projects. In the past three decades,government agencies and the non-government agency Aga Khan Rural Support Programme(AKRSP), which channels foreign funds into the region, have actively engaged in the provision of irrigation support. This article seeks to explore whether such projects support or undermine farmer-managed irrigation systems and the complex institutional arrangements that underpin them. Field research using ethnographic and participatory methods was conducted in spring 2013 in the upper Shigar valley, Skardu district, GilgitBaltistan. The findings show that irrigation development is a political activity that involves village-based actors, religious leaders, local politicians,and government and non-government agencies.Government agencies operate in a largely top-down,engineering mode, their larger projects limited to villages suffering water scarcity. The local government provides small funds for renovation work of FMIS,though allocation of funds is highly politicized. Nongovernment agencies, for a variety of reasons including donor-funding cycles, apply a one-size-fitsall ‘participatory' model in an attempt to socially engineer rules and institutions. In communities divided by factionalism the use of such external models that stress formation of committees are unlikely to yield positive results, and could instead contribute to undermining the very systems they seek to support. This research argues that irrigation interventions should take care to build upon the rich and complex social arrangements that have sustained FMIS through the centuries.展开更多
The small and medium enterprise firms are renowned for improving the nation’s economy through the provision of job opportunities for its populace,improving the financial and investment status of the countries a...The small and medium enterprise firms are renowned for improving the nation’s economy through the provision of job opportunities for its populace,improving the financial and investment status of the countries and provision of innovative products that meets the need of the people.SMEs are key players in the economy,through sustainable development goals(SDGs)enabling them to thrive in the open business environment and actively applying the digital transformation,promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization should be the core of any country government.This research is designed to explore the influence of government intervention and support on enterprise performance and growth in five business sectors-Hospitality,Education,Health care,Bottled Water Production and Transport and Logistics organizations.The research paper had a descriptive research design with a randomly selected sample size of one hundred and ninety-seven respondents.The research hypotheses were tested using(Factor Analysis and Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis)with Statistical Packages for Social Science(SPSS)version 25.The results of the study reveal that government intervention policies and intervention programmes when instituted will promote the growth of business firms in Nigeria.Also identified are relevant recommendations that serve as motivation for policy administrators,entrepreneurs,and business managers to ensure that relevant intervention programme is adopted to boost performance and growth of the SME sector in Nigeria.展开更多
For this research,we examined the influence of access to domestic and international financing on sustainability performance with a mediating role of innovative performance and a moderating role of access to government...For this research,we examined the influence of access to domestic and international financing on sustainability performance with a mediating role of innovative performance and a moderating role of access to government support.Data were collected from 317 small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)through structured questionnaires.The results indicated that access to domestic and international financing significantly contributes to sustainability and innovative performances.Accordingly,we found a partial mediating role of innovative performance between access to domestic financing and sustainability performance as well as between access to international financing and sustainability performance.Access to government support significantly moderates the relationship between access to domestic finances and innovative performance as well as between access to international finances and innovative performance.Practitioners and policymakers should encourage national and international financial institutions and banks to facilitate SMEs by lending them funds for innovative activities and sustainability performance.Moreover,the government should support SMEs,so that they can contribute to economic growth and the gross domestic product.The implications from these matters will be further discussed in this paper.展开更多
The state support of the agriculture is increasing with the globalization of Russia, the need to shape level and instruments in accordance with the WTO requirements. For Russia, rational state support of agriculture i...The state support of the agriculture is increasing with the globalization of Russia, the need to shape level and instruments in accordance with the WTO requirements. For Russia, rational state support of agriculture is topical according to the domestic economic problems： insufficient financing in Russia, in the regions; degradation of production facilities; turnover acreage reduction; reduction in livestock; and according to the external economic factors： the accession to the WTO, the transition to the Common Economic Space, and subsequently, the Eurasian Economic Union, global change conditions in the global food market, an increase in the world population, increasing demand for food resources, a significant increase in food prices on world markets, the increased activity of Russian agricultural producers in the world markets of grain products; ensuring of economic stability systems, critical analysis of the tools and the effectiveness of economic policy. According to the IMF, the economic has slowed down despite the state support for agriculture should stay a priority in the government＇s economic policy, in the regions.展开更多
On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract co...On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract correlation;secondly,the profit distribution is mainly the dividend;thirdly,patronage refund has many connotations;fourthly,the public accumulation has not yet been quantified to individual;fifthly,the government support capital is ill-defined.Based on these,the measures are put forward in order to improve benefit distribution pattern of farmers’specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,reform structure of property rights and realize farmers’ownership;secondly,change mode of decision-making,and realize farmers’control;thirdly,increase turnover rebate and realize farmers’benefiting;fourthly,quantify public accumulation and government support fund.展开更多
文摘Director of the R & D center of the State Council, Mr Chen Qingtai affirmed, in his recent report, that China'snon-government enterprises can sufficiently Promote our economic growth, in view of their thriving in theChinese system, congenial weakness is inevitable, therefore, China's non-government enterprises must improvethemselves and strive to overcome congenial shortcomings. In the end, Mr Chen Qingtai appealed for anadjustment of related policies by authorities.
基金Supported by Xi'an Social Science Fund(2010240)New Century Excellent Talents(NCET-05-0859)
文摘On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers'cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and social development index and 13 second level indexes including aggregate capital of cooperative organization,annual profit share of cooperative organization,annual total income of cooperative organization,etc.,are established according to the principles of Systematics and the methods of Statistics and Quantitative economics.By using the analytical hierarchy process,the weight of each index is tested and the operation result and evaluation mode is established,as well as the index standard value and comprehensive value.As for the result of the evaluation,it is suggested that the government should support the farmers'cooperative organizations in hierarchy and targeted way according to local conditions.Though the construction of index system and comprehensive score,the government should establish the entry and exit mechanism of farmers'cooperative organizations to reasonably guild the rapid development of cooperators.
基金funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany
文摘Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era records shows that over a century ago government agencies undertook irrigation support projects. In the past three decades,government agencies and the non-government agency Aga Khan Rural Support Programme(AKRSP), which channels foreign funds into the region, have actively engaged in the provision of irrigation support. This article seeks to explore whether such projects support or undermine farmer-managed irrigation systems and the complex institutional arrangements that underpin them. Field research using ethnographic and participatory methods was conducted in spring 2013 in the upper Shigar valley, Skardu district, GilgitBaltistan. The findings show that irrigation development is a political activity that involves village-based actors, religious leaders, local politicians,and government and non-government agencies.Government agencies operate in a largely top-down,engineering mode, their larger projects limited to villages suffering water scarcity. The local government provides small funds for renovation work of FMIS,though allocation of funds is highly politicized. Nongovernment agencies, for a variety of reasons including donor-funding cycles, apply a one-size-fitsall ‘participatory' model in an attempt to socially engineer rules and institutions. In communities divided by factionalism the use of such external models that stress formation of committees are unlikely to yield positive results, and could instead contribute to undermining the very systems they seek to support. This research argues that irrigation interventions should take care to build upon the rich and complex social arrangements that have sustained FMIS through the centuries.
文摘The small and medium enterprise firms are renowned for improving the nation’s economy through the provision of job opportunities for its populace,improving the financial and investment status of the countries and provision of innovative products that meets the need of the people.SMEs are key players in the economy,through sustainable development goals(SDGs)enabling them to thrive in the open business environment and actively applying the digital transformation,promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization should be the core of any country government.This research is designed to explore the influence of government intervention and support on enterprise performance and growth in five business sectors-Hospitality,Education,Health care,Bottled Water Production and Transport and Logistics organizations.The research paper had a descriptive research design with a randomly selected sample size of one hundred and ninety-seven respondents.The research hypotheses were tested using(Factor Analysis and Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis)with Statistical Packages for Social Science(SPSS)version 25.The results of the study reveal that government intervention policies and intervention programmes when instituted will promote the growth of business firms in Nigeria.Also identified are relevant recommendations that serve as motivation for policy administrators,entrepreneurs,and business managers to ensure that relevant intervention programme is adopted to boost performance and growth of the SME sector in Nigeria.
文摘For this research,we examined the influence of access to domestic and international financing on sustainability performance with a mediating role of innovative performance and a moderating role of access to government support.Data were collected from 317 small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)through structured questionnaires.The results indicated that access to domestic and international financing significantly contributes to sustainability and innovative performances.Accordingly,we found a partial mediating role of innovative performance between access to domestic financing and sustainability performance as well as between access to international financing and sustainability performance.Access to government support significantly moderates the relationship between access to domestic finances and innovative performance as well as between access to international finances and innovative performance.Practitioners and policymakers should encourage national and international financial institutions and banks to facilitate SMEs by lending them funds for innovative activities and sustainability performance.Moreover,the government should support SMEs,so that they can contribute to economic growth and the gross domestic product.The implications from these matters will be further discussed in this paper.
文摘The state support of the agriculture is increasing with the globalization of Russia, the need to shape level and instruments in accordance with the WTO requirements. For Russia, rational state support of agriculture is topical according to the domestic economic problems： insufficient financing in Russia, in the regions; degradation of production facilities; turnover acreage reduction; reduction in livestock; and according to the external economic factors： the accession to the WTO, the transition to the Common Economic Space, and subsequently, the Eurasian Economic Union, global change conditions in the global food market, an increase in the world population, increasing demand for food resources, a significant increase in food prices on world markets, the increased activity of Russian agricultural producers in the world markets of grain products; ensuring of economic stability systems, critical analysis of the tools and the effectiveness of economic policy. According to the IMF, the economic has slowed down despite the state support for agriculture should stay a priority in the government＇s economic policy, in the regions.
基金Supported by Social Science Planning Foundation of Xi'an City(2010240)New Century Excellent Talents Support Program(NCET-05-0859)
文摘On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract correlation;secondly,the profit distribution is mainly the dividend;thirdly,patronage refund has many connotations;fourthly,the public accumulation has not yet been quantified to individual;fifthly,the government support capital is ill-defined.Based on these,the measures are put forward in order to improve benefit distribution pattern of farmers’specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,reform structure of property rights and realize farmers’ownership;secondly,change mode of decision-making,and realize farmers’control;thirdly,increase turnover rebate and realize farmers’benefiting;fourthly,quantify public accumulation and government support fund.
