Cu(OTf)2(Py)4 mediated radiofluorination of the boronate esters of ethyl benzoyl and phthaloylglycinates (11 and 16) using 10 mol% of the copper complex following the literature procedure did not provide the fluorinat...Cu(OTf)2(Py)4 mediated radiofluorination of the boronate esters of ethyl benzoyl and phthaloylglycinates (11 and 16) using 10 mol% of the copper complex following the literature procedure did not provide the fluorinated products. However, the addition of Cu(OTf)2resulted in the radio-fluorination of the boronate esters 11 and 16 to obtain ethyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl glycinate, 17, (48%) and ethyl 3-[18F]phthaloylglycinate (41%) respectively.展开更多
Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical t...Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical trial investigated a novel Auricularia auricula polysaccharide-iron complex(AAPIC)compared with heme iron and ferrous glycinate in 180 iron-deficient adults receiving 30 mg elemental iron daily for 12 weeks.AAPIC achieved comparable hemoglobin improvements(from 98.3±8.7 to 126.5±9.2 g/L)to heme iron(from 97.8±9.1 to 128.3±8.6 g/L)and was significantly superior to ferrous glycinate(from 98.6±8.9 to 119.7±10.3 g/L;p<0.001).Iron absorption efficiency showed AAPIC at 23.7±4.2%,heme iron at 25.1±3.8%,and ferrous glycinate at 18.4±5.1%.Toxicological assessments revealed no hepatotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,or mutagenicity.Gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 8.3%of AAPIC recipients versus 15.0%with ferrous glycinate and 10.0%with heme iron.The polysaccharide component facilitates iron transport through enhanced intestinal uptake mechanisms.AAPIC represents a promising,well-tolerated alternative with clinical efficacy comparable to established iron formulations.展开更多
Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleif...Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.展开更多
The collection and utilization of CO_(2) are recognized as the key strategies for mitigating global climate change.Recently,numerous microorganisms capable of utilizing CO_(2) as a carbon source for growth have been e...The collection and utilization of CO_(2) are recognized as the key strategies for mitigating global climate change.Recently,numerous microorganisms capable of utilizing CO_(2) as a carbon source for growth have been explored and engineered for biomanufacturing.However,these processes are typically initiated by exposing microorganisms to high concentrations of CO_(2),which significantly limits the application of microbial carbon fixation in synthetic biology.Here,we demonstrate that Komagataella phaffii(K.phaffii)can fix CO_(2) via the Reductive Glycine Pathway(RGlyP)at a low concentration(0.5%CO_(2)).We propose that the endogenous RGlyP in glycine auxotroph K.phaffii A01 can effectively operate under growth pressure and utilize CO_(2) to synthesize glycine.The molecular mechanisms involved are elucidated at the transcriptional level.This is the most efficient RGlyP reported so far,demonstrating the great potential of the endogenous RGlyP in K.phaffii for CO_(2) fixation and utilization research and will further promote the development of synthetic biology,contributing to the mitiga-tion of global climate and food crises.展开更多
Soybean is a vital nutritional resource rich in protein,oil,vitamins,and minerals,serving as a leading global source of vegetable oil and helping combat undernourishment,especially in developing countries like Cameroo...Soybean is a vital nutritional resource rich in protein,oil,vitamins,and minerals,serving as a leading global source of vegetable oil and helping combat undernourishment,especially in developing countries like Cameroon,where over 24%of the population faces food insecurity.However,insufficient nutrients can severely hinder the formation of fruiting bodies,resulting in yields as low as one ton per hectare.This study explores the potential of enhancing nitrogen nutrition through Rhizobium bacteria to improve nodulation rates and overall soybean productivity.The objective was to assess the effects of various Rhizobium isolates on the productivity,physicochemical properties,and nutritional quality of soybeans,essential for agricultural development and food security.The experiment was carried out at IRAD Mbalmayo from March–July and September–November 2022.The experimental set-up was a completely randomized block design replicated thrice.Each replicate consisted of three elementary plots separated by 1 m.Crops were planted at 50 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants.Five treatments:control(S0),Rhizobium isolate No.1(S1),Rhizobium isolate No.2(S2),Nodu Max(S3),NPK:20-10-10(S4),were applied to three varieties:V1(TGX 1910–14F),V2(MAKSOY 4N),V3(TGX 183510E).Results showed that seed emergence rates varied from 69%to 99%among soybean varieties,with no significant differences across treatments.Notably,Rhizobium inoculation,particularly with isolate 2,significantly boosted growth,leading to greater plant height,leaf count,and flowering duration.The highest plant height recorded was 35.3 cm in the V2S2 treatment,while V1S2 had the highest number of leaves,reaching 43.73,at P=0.05.Inoculated plants showed substantial yield improvements,achieving 2.9 tons per hectare,with increased pod and seed formation.Analysis of treated plants revealed variations in nitrogen,lipid,protein,carbohydrate,ash,and moisture content,underscoring the positive impact of inoculation.For example,lipid content ranged from 15.7%in V1S0 to 25.1%in V1S2,while the highest protein levels were recorded in V2S2 and V1S2.These results underscore the potential of Rhizobium inoculation as a sustainable strategy to enhance soybean production and contribute to food security.展开更多
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDARs)play crucial roles in neuronal plasticity and brain function by sensing key neurotransmitters,such as glutamate and glycine.In a tour-de-force,Zhang et al.[1]provide the first ima...N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDARs)play crucial roles in neuronal plasticity and brain function by sensing key neurotransmitters,such as glutamate and glycine.In a tour-de-force,Zhang et al.[1]provide the first images of native NMDARs directly extracted from rat brains,revealing key aspects of NMDAR assembly and diversity.展开更多
Hyperactivity and tic symptoms in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)have a bidirectional association with sleep disorders,while magnesium deficiency is a key nutritional facto...Hyperactivity and tic symptoms in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)have a bidirectional association with sleep disorders,while magnesium deficiency is a key nutritional factor exacerbating this vicious cycle.The SLS Magnesium Glycinate Complex Liquid Supplement formula adopts the core logic of“sleep improvement-mood stabilization-behavioral regulation”and enhances the neuromodulatory effects of magnesium ions through multi-component synergy.Tailored to the developmental needs of different stages aged 4-16 years,the formula features a child-friendly dosage design,forming a closed-loop regulation in aiding sleep,reducing tics,and maintaining daytime functioning.A 3-month clinical trial showed that the formula improved sleep efficiency by 15%-23%,reduced tic frequency by 21%-32%,and enhanced emotional stability scores by 24%-30%across all age groups with ADHD,with good safety and tolerability.This study provides a targeted nutritional intervention solution for ADHD,and its age-stratified design concept offers scientific reference for precise nutritional support during different developmental stages of children and adolescents.展开更多
In view of the difference in coordination capacity of the glycine ion(Gly−),a selective leaching process for treating with spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in the alkaline glycinate system was proposed.The effects of ...In view of the difference in coordination capacity of the glycine ion(Gly−),a selective leaching process for treating with spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in the alkaline glycinate system was proposed.The effects of retention time,leaching temperature,concentration of glycine ligand,liquid-solid ratio(L/S),pH,stirring speed,and H_(2)O_(2) dosage on the leaching efficiency of valuable metals and the dissolution of impurities were investigated.When the spent LIBs were leached in 3 mol/L glycine aqueous solution with pH of 8,L/S of 5 mL:1 g and H_(2)O_(2) dosage of 5 vol.%at 90℃and stirring speed of 400 r/min for 3 h,lithium,cobalt,nickel,and manganese recoveries were 96.31%,83.18%,91.56%,and 31.16%,respectively,but Ca,Al,Fe,and Cu were almost insoluble.Meanwhile,the kinetic study showed that the activation energies for the leaching of Li,Co,Ni,and Mn were all in the range of 45−61 kJ/mol.The results indicate that the leaching process is all controlled by chemical reactions.展开更多
The improvement of soybean seed carotenoid contents is very important due to the beneficial role of carotenoids in human health and nutrition. However, the genetic architecture underlying soybean carotenoid biosynthes...The improvement of soybean seed carotenoid contents is very important due to the beneficial role of carotenoids in human health and nutrition. However, the genetic architecture underlying soybean carotenoid biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we employed next generation sequencing-based bulked-segregant analysis to identify new genomic regions governing seed carotenoids in 1,551 natural soybean accessions. The genomic DNA samples of individual plants with extreme phenotypes were pooled to form two bulks with high(50 accessions) and low(50 accessions) carotenoid contents for Illumina sequencing. A total of 125.09 Gb of clean bases and 89.82% of Q30 were obtained, and the average alignment efficiency was 99.45% with an average coverage depth of 62.20× and 99.75% genome coverage. Based on the G prime statistic algorithm(G') method analysis, 16 candidate genomic loci with a total length 20.41 Mb were found to be related to the trait. Of these loci, the most significant regions displaying the highest elevated G' values were found in chromosome 06 at a position of 18.53–22.67 Mb, and chromosome 19 at genomic region intervals of 8.36–10.94, 12.06–13.79 and 18.45–20.26 Mb. These regions were then used to identify the key candidate genes. In these regions, 250 predicted genes were found and analyzed to obtain 90 significantly enriched(P<0.05) Gene Ontology(GO) terms. Based on ANNOVAR analysis, 50 genes with non-synonymous and stopgained mutations were preferentially selected as potential candidate genes. Of those 50 genes, following their gene annotation functions and high significant haplotype variations in various environments,five genes were identified as the most promising candidate genes regulating soybean seed carotenoid accumulation, and they should be investigated in further functional validation studies. Collectively, understanding the genetic basis of carotenoid pigments and identifying genes underpinning carotenoid accumulation via a bulked-segregant analysis-based sequencing(BSA-seq) approach provide new insights for exploring future molecular breeding efforts to produce soybean cultivars with high carotenoid content.展开更多
In nature,certain plants exhibit“sleep”behaviors,such as leaves opening during the day and closing at night[1],which is synchronized with the human circadian rhythm.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)describes this ph...In nature,certain plants exhibit“sleep”behaviors,such as leaves opening during the day and closing at night[1],which is synchronized with the human circadian rhythm.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)describes this phenomenon as the plant's“diurnal opening and nocturnal closing”trait.Peanut stems and leaves(PSL)refers to the stems and leaves of the leguminous plant Arachis hypogaea L.,which displays this characteristic.PSL has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in TCM for treating insomnia,it was recommended by the Chinese Sleep Research Society's Insomnia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines as a recommended monotherapy for treating insomnia in primary healthcare institutions in 2024[2].Based on this,our research group developed a TCM formulation from PSL,named Luo Hua An Shen Oral Liquid(LAOL),which has been clinically applied for over 40 years to treat insomnia.Numerous clinical studies have shown that taking PSL before bedtime promotes sleep[3],while daytime administration enhances daytime functioning.Moreover,our findings demonstrate that the therapeutic efficacy of PSL is independent of administration dosage,administration frequency,and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity.展开更多
Malate dehydrogenase(MDH)is a widely expressed enzyme that plays a key role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.However,information on MDH genes in the soybean genome is limited.Seventeen members of the s...Malate dehydrogenase(MDH)is a widely expressed enzyme that plays a key role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.However,information on MDH genes in the soybean genome is limited.Seventeen members of the soybean MDH family were identified by genome-wide analysis,and the genes were analyzed for the presence of conserved protein motifs.The genes were divided into five clusters according to their phylogenetic relationships.The intracellular localizations of six GmMDHs were determined by confocal microscopy of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts.Transcripts of GmMDHs were significantly increased by abiotic stress(drought,salt,and alkalinity)and hormone treatments,as shown by an analysis of cis-regulatory elements and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The GmMDHs displayed unique expression patterns in various soybean tissues.Notably,the expression levels of a chloroplast isoform(GmMDH2)were unusually high under salt stress,presumably indicating a critical role in soybean responses to salinity.Expression of GmMDH2 in Escherichia coli showed that the recombinant enzyme has nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADP)-dependent MDH activity.The redox states of the NADP(reduced form)(NADPH)pool and antioxidant activities were shown to be modulated by GmMDH2 gene overexpression,which in turn reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)formation in transgenic soybean,significantly enhancing the salt stress resistance.Gene-based association analysis showed that variations in GmMDH2 were strongly linked to seedling salt tolerance.A polymorphism potentially associated with salt tolerance was discovered in the promoter region of GmMDH2.These findings not only improve our understanding of the stress response mechanism by identifying and characterizing the MDH gene family throughout the soybean genome but they also identified a potential candidate gene for the future enhancement of salt tolerance in soybean.展开更多
关联作图是一种利用连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium,LD)检测自然群体中基因位点及其等位变异的方法。利用60个SSR标记,对全国大豆地方品种群体(393份代表性材料)和野生大豆群体(196份代表性材料)的基因组变异进行扫描,分析两类群体...关联作图是一种利用连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium,LD)检测自然群体中基因位点及其等位变异的方法。利用60个SSR标记,对全国大豆地方品种群体(393份代表性材料)和野生大豆群体(196份代表性材料)的基因组变异进行扫描,分析两类群体的连锁不平衡位点、群体结构,并采用TASSEL软件的GLM(general linear model)方法对16个农艺、品质性状观测值进行标记与性状的关联分析。结果表明:(1)在公共图谱上不论共线性的或是非共线性的SSR位点组合都有一定程度的LD,说明历史上发生过连锁群间的重组;栽培群体的连锁不平衡成对位点数较野生群体多,但野生群体位点间连锁不平衡程度高,随距离的衰减慢。(2)群体SSR数据遗传结构分析发现,栽培群体和野生群体分别由9和4个亚群体组成,亚群的划分与群体地理生态类型相关联,证实地理生态类型划分有其遗传基础。(3)栽培群体中累计有27个位点与性状相关;野生大豆种质中累计有34个位点与性状相关。部分标记在两类群体中都表现与同一性状关联,检出的位点有一致性,也有互补性;一些标记同时与2个或多个性状相关联,可能是性状相关乃至一因多效的遗传基础;关联位点中累计有24位点(次)与遗传群体连锁分析定位的QTL一致。展开更多
选用204对SSR标记对全国野生大豆群体(174份代表性样本)的基因组扫描,采用TASSEL软件的GLM(general linear model)方法对百粒重、开花期、成熟期、干豆腐得率、干豆乳得率和耐淹性性状值关联分析,解析与性状关联位点的优异等位变异,鉴...选用204对SSR标记对全国野生大豆群体(174份代表性样本)的基因组扫描,采用TASSEL软件的GLM(general linear model)方法对百粒重、开花期、成熟期、干豆腐得率、干豆乳得率和耐淹性性状值关联分析,解析与性状关联位点的优异等位变异,鉴别出一批与农艺、加工性状关联的优异等位变异及携带优异等位变异的载体材料;进一步分析极值表型材料的遗传构成。结果表明:(1)累计51个位点(次)与性状关联,有些标记同时与2个或多个性状相关联,可能是性状相关的遗传基础;关联位点中累计16位点(次)与连锁分析定位的QTL一致;(2)与地方品种群体和育成品种群体的关联位点比较,发现野生群体关联位点只有少数与之相同,群体间育种性状的遗传结构有明显差异。(3)与多性状关联的位点其等位变异对不同性状的效应方向可相同可不同,如GMES5532a-A332对百粒重和耐淹性的相对死苗率都是增效效应,而GMES5532a-A344对百粒重是减效效应,对相对死苗率是增效效应;(4)极值表型材料间的遗传构成有很大差异。表型值大的材料携带较多增效效应大的位点等位变异,例如N23349的百粒重是9.08g,含有4个增效效应较大的位点等位变异;表型值小的材料携带较多减效效应大的位点等位变异,如N23387的百粒重是0.75g,含有4个减效效应较大的位点等位变异。关联作图得到的信息可以弥补连锁定位信息的不足,尤其是全基因组位点上复等位变异的信息为育种提供了亲本选配和后代等位条带辅助选择的依据。展开更多
文摘Cu(OTf)2(Py)4 mediated radiofluorination of the boronate esters of ethyl benzoyl and phthaloylglycinates (11 and 16) using 10 mol% of the copper complex following the literature procedure did not provide the fluorinated products. However, the addition of Cu(OTf)2resulted in the radio-fluorination of the boronate esters 11 and 16 to obtain ethyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl glycinate, 17, (48%) and ethyl 3-[18F]phthaloylglycinate (41%) respectively.
文摘Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical trial investigated a novel Auricularia auricula polysaccharide-iron complex(AAPIC)compared with heme iron and ferrous glycinate in 180 iron-deficient adults receiving 30 mg elemental iron daily for 12 weeks.AAPIC achieved comparable hemoglobin improvements(from 98.3±8.7 to 126.5±9.2 g/L)to heme iron(from 97.8±9.1 to 128.3±8.6 g/L)and was significantly superior to ferrous glycinate(from 98.6±8.9 to 119.7±10.3 g/L;p<0.001).Iron absorption efficiency showed AAPIC at 23.7±4.2%,heme iron at 25.1±3.8%,and ferrous glycinate at 18.4±5.1%.Toxicological assessments revealed no hepatotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,or mutagenicity.Gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 8.3%of AAPIC recipients versus 15.0%with ferrous glycinate and 10.0%with heme iron.The polysaccharide component facilitates iron transport through enhanced intestinal uptake mechanisms.AAPIC represents a promising,well-tolerated alternative with clinical efficacy comparable to established iron formulations.
文摘Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370054)the national first-class discipline program of Light Industry Technology and Engineering(LITE2018-24).
文摘The collection and utilization of CO_(2) are recognized as the key strategies for mitigating global climate change.Recently,numerous microorganisms capable of utilizing CO_(2) as a carbon source for growth have been explored and engineered for biomanufacturing.However,these processes are typically initiated by exposing microorganisms to high concentrations of CO_(2),which significantly limits the application of microbial carbon fixation in synthetic biology.Here,we demonstrate that Komagataella phaffii(K.phaffii)can fix CO_(2) via the Reductive Glycine Pathway(RGlyP)at a low concentration(0.5%CO_(2)).We propose that the endogenous RGlyP in glycine auxotroph K.phaffii A01 can effectively operate under growth pressure and utilize CO_(2) to synthesize glycine.The molecular mechanisms involved are elucidated at the transcriptional level.This is the most efficient RGlyP reported so far,demonstrating the great potential of the endogenous RGlyP in K.phaffii for CO_(2) fixation and utilization research and will further promote the development of synthetic biology,contributing to the mitiga-tion of global climate and food crises.
文摘Soybean is a vital nutritional resource rich in protein,oil,vitamins,and minerals,serving as a leading global source of vegetable oil and helping combat undernourishment,especially in developing countries like Cameroon,where over 24%of the population faces food insecurity.However,insufficient nutrients can severely hinder the formation of fruiting bodies,resulting in yields as low as one ton per hectare.This study explores the potential of enhancing nitrogen nutrition through Rhizobium bacteria to improve nodulation rates and overall soybean productivity.The objective was to assess the effects of various Rhizobium isolates on the productivity,physicochemical properties,and nutritional quality of soybeans,essential for agricultural development and food security.The experiment was carried out at IRAD Mbalmayo from March–July and September–November 2022.The experimental set-up was a completely randomized block design replicated thrice.Each replicate consisted of three elementary plots separated by 1 m.Crops were planted at 50 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants.Five treatments:control(S0),Rhizobium isolate No.1(S1),Rhizobium isolate No.2(S2),Nodu Max(S3),NPK:20-10-10(S4),were applied to three varieties:V1(TGX 1910–14F),V2(MAKSOY 4N),V3(TGX 183510E).Results showed that seed emergence rates varied from 69%to 99%among soybean varieties,with no significant differences across treatments.Notably,Rhizobium inoculation,particularly with isolate 2,significantly boosted growth,leading to greater plant height,leaf count,and flowering duration.The highest plant height recorded was 35.3 cm in the V2S2 treatment,while V1S2 had the highest number of leaves,reaching 43.73,at P=0.05.Inoculated plants showed substantial yield improvements,achieving 2.9 tons per hectare,with increased pod and seed formation.Analysis of treated plants revealed variations in nitrogen,lipid,protein,carbohydrate,ash,and moisture content,underscoring the positive impact of inoculation.For example,lipid content ranged from 15.7%in V1S0 to 25.1%in V1S2,while the highest protein levels were recorded in V2S2 and V1S2.These results underscore the potential of Rhizobium inoculation as a sustainable strategy to enhance soybean production and contribute to food security.
文摘N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDARs)play crucial roles in neuronal plasticity and brain function by sensing key neurotransmitters,such as glutamate and glycine.In a tour-de-force,Zhang et al.[1]provide the first images of native NMDARs directly extracted from rat brains,revealing key aspects of NMDAR assembly and diversity.
文摘Hyperactivity and tic symptoms in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)have a bidirectional association with sleep disorders,while magnesium deficiency is a key nutritional factor exacerbating this vicious cycle.The SLS Magnesium Glycinate Complex Liquid Supplement formula adopts the core logic of“sleep improvement-mood stabilization-behavioral regulation”and enhances the neuromodulatory effects of magnesium ions through multi-component synergy.Tailored to the developmental needs of different stages aged 4-16 years,the formula features a child-friendly dosage design,forming a closed-loop regulation in aiding sleep,reducing tics,and maintaining daytime functioning.A 3-month clinical trial showed that the formula improved sleep efficiency by 15%-23%,reduced tic frequency by 21%-32%,and enhanced emotional stability scores by 24%-30%across all age groups with ADHD,with good safety and tolerability.This study provides a targeted nutritional intervention solution for ADHD,and its age-stratified design concept offers scientific reference for precise nutritional support during different developmental stages of children and adolescents.
基金Projects(51974137,52274299)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023M733190)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation。
文摘In view of the difference in coordination capacity of the glycine ion(Gly−),a selective leaching process for treating with spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in the alkaline glycinate system was proposed.The effects of retention time,leaching temperature,concentration of glycine ligand,liquid-solid ratio(L/S),pH,stirring speed,and H_(2)O_(2) dosage on the leaching efficiency of valuable metals and the dissolution of impurities were investigated.When the spent LIBs were leached in 3 mol/L glycine aqueous solution with pH of 8,L/S of 5 mL:1 g and H_(2)O_(2) dosage of 5 vol.%at 90℃and stirring speed of 400 r/min for 3 h,lithium,cobalt,nickel,and manganese recoveries were 96.31%,83.18%,91.56%,and 31.16%,respectively,but Ca,Al,Fe,and Cu were almost insoluble.Meanwhile,the kinetic study showed that the activation energies for the leaching of Li,Co,Ni,and Mn were all in the range of 45−61 kJ/mol.The results indicate that the leaching process is all controlled by chemical reactions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32161143033, 32272178, and 32001574)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1201605)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of CAAS。
文摘The improvement of soybean seed carotenoid contents is very important due to the beneficial role of carotenoids in human health and nutrition. However, the genetic architecture underlying soybean carotenoid biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we employed next generation sequencing-based bulked-segregant analysis to identify new genomic regions governing seed carotenoids in 1,551 natural soybean accessions. The genomic DNA samples of individual plants with extreme phenotypes were pooled to form two bulks with high(50 accessions) and low(50 accessions) carotenoid contents for Illumina sequencing. A total of 125.09 Gb of clean bases and 89.82% of Q30 were obtained, and the average alignment efficiency was 99.45% with an average coverage depth of 62.20× and 99.75% genome coverage. Based on the G prime statistic algorithm(G') method analysis, 16 candidate genomic loci with a total length 20.41 Mb were found to be related to the trait. Of these loci, the most significant regions displaying the highest elevated G' values were found in chromosome 06 at a position of 18.53–22.67 Mb, and chromosome 19 at genomic region intervals of 8.36–10.94, 12.06–13.79 and 18.45–20.26 Mb. These regions were then used to identify the key candidate genes. In these regions, 250 predicted genes were found and analyzed to obtain 90 significantly enriched(P<0.05) Gene Ontology(GO) terms. Based on ANNOVAR analysis, 50 genes with non-synonymous and stopgained mutations were preferentially selected as potential candidate genes. Of those 50 genes, following their gene annotation functions and high significant haplotype variations in various environments,five genes were identified as the most promising candidate genes regulating soybean seed carotenoid accumulation, and they should be investigated in further functional validation studies. Collectively, understanding the genetic basis of carotenoid pigments and identifying genes underpinning carotenoid accumulation via a bulked-segregant analysis-based sequencing(BSA-seq) approach provide new insights for exploring future molecular breeding efforts to produce soybean cultivars with high carotenoid content.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2021YFC2501500)Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research,China(Grant No.:SHZYDX2023-01)Shanghai Technical Superiority Project of"Preventive Treatment of Disease",Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,China(Grant No.:ZY(2021-2023)-0104-02-GF-04).
文摘In nature,certain plants exhibit“sleep”behaviors,such as leaves opening during the day and closing at night[1],which is synchronized with the human circadian rhythm.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)describes this phenomenon as the plant's“diurnal opening and nocturnal closing”trait.Peanut stems and leaves(PSL)refers to the stems and leaves of the leguminous plant Arachis hypogaea L.,which displays this characteristic.PSL has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in TCM for treating insomnia,it was recommended by the Chinese Sleep Research Society's Insomnia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines as a recommended monotherapy for treating insomnia in primary healthcare institutions in 2024[2].Based on this,our research group developed a TCM formulation from PSL,named Luo Hua An Shen Oral Liquid(LAOL),which has been clinically applied for over 40 years to treat insomnia.Numerous clinical studies have shown that taking PSL before bedtime promotes sleep[3],while daytime administration enhances daytime functioning.Moreover,our findings demonstrate that the therapeutic efficacy of PSL is independent of administration dosage,administration frequency,and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(TD2022C003 and YQ2022C010)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1201104-02-02 and2021YFF1001202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2027,31971899,32272093,and 32272072)。
文摘Malate dehydrogenase(MDH)is a widely expressed enzyme that plays a key role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.However,information on MDH genes in the soybean genome is limited.Seventeen members of the soybean MDH family were identified by genome-wide analysis,and the genes were analyzed for the presence of conserved protein motifs.The genes were divided into five clusters according to their phylogenetic relationships.The intracellular localizations of six GmMDHs were determined by confocal microscopy of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts.Transcripts of GmMDHs were significantly increased by abiotic stress(drought,salt,and alkalinity)and hormone treatments,as shown by an analysis of cis-regulatory elements and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The GmMDHs displayed unique expression patterns in various soybean tissues.Notably,the expression levels of a chloroplast isoform(GmMDH2)were unusually high under salt stress,presumably indicating a critical role in soybean responses to salinity.Expression of GmMDH2 in Escherichia coli showed that the recombinant enzyme has nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADP)-dependent MDH activity.The redox states of the NADP(reduced form)(NADPH)pool and antioxidant activities were shown to be modulated by GmMDH2 gene overexpression,which in turn reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)formation in transgenic soybean,significantly enhancing the salt stress resistance.Gene-based association analysis showed that variations in GmMDH2 were strongly linked to seedling salt tolerance.A polymorphism potentially associated with salt tolerance was discovered in the promoter region of GmMDH2.These findings not only improve our understanding of the stress response mechanism by identifying and characterizing the MDH gene family throughout the soybean genome but they also identified a potential candidate gene for the future enhancement of salt tolerance in soybean.
文摘关联作图是一种利用连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium,LD)检测自然群体中基因位点及其等位变异的方法。利用60个SSR标记,对全国大豆地方品种群体(393份代表性材料)和野生大豆群体(196份代表性材料)的基因组变异进行扫描,分析两类群体的连锁不平衡位点、群体结构,并采用TASSEL软件的GLM(general linear model)方法对16个农艺、品质性状观测值进行标记与性状的关联分析。结果表明:(1)在公共图谱上不论共线性的或是非共线性的SSR位点组合都有一定程度的LD,说明历史上发生过连锁群间的重组;栽培群体的连锁不平衡成对位点数较野生群体多,但野生群体位点间连锁不平衡程度高,随距离的衰减慢。(2)群体SSR数据遗传结构分析发现,栽培群体和野生群体分别由9和4个亚群体组成,亚群的划分与群体地理生态类型相关联,证实地理生态类型划分有其遗传基础。(3)栽培群体中累计有27个位点与性状相关;野生大豆种质中累计有34个位点与性状相关。部分标记在两类群体中都表现与同一性状关联,检出的位点有一致性,也有互补性;一些标记同时与2个或多个性状相关联,可能是性状相关乃至一因多效的遗传基础;关联位点中累计有24位点(次)与遗传群体连锁分析定位的QTL一致。
文摘选用204对SSR标记对全国野生大豆群体(174份代表性样本)的基因组扫描,采用TASSEL软件的GLM(general linear model)方法对百粒重、开花期、成熟期、干豆腐得率、干豆乳得率和耐淹性性状值关联分析,解析与性状关联位点的优异等位变异,鉴别出一批与农艺、加工性状关联的优异等位变异及携带优异等位变异的载体材料;进一步分析极值表型材料的遗传构成。结果表明:(1)累计51个位点(次)与性状关联,有些标记同时与2个或多个性状相关联,可能是性状相关的遗传基础;关联位点中累计16位点(次)与连锁分析定位的QTL一致;(2)与地方品种群体和育成品种群体的关联位点比较,发现野生群体关联位点只有少数与之相同,群体间育种性状的遗传结构有明显差异。(3)与多性状关联的位点其等位变异对不同性状的效应方向可相同可不同,如GMES5532a-A332对百粒重和耐淹性的相对死苗率都是增效效应,而GMES5532a-A344对百粒重是减效效应,对相对死苗率是增效效应;(4)极值表型材料间的遗传构成有很大差异。表型值大的材料携带较多增效效应大的位点等位变异,例如N23349的百粒重是9.08g,含有4个增效效应较大的位点等位变异;表型值小的材料携带较多减效效应大的位点等位变异,如N23387的百粒重是0.75g,含有4个减效效应较大的位点等位变异。关联作图得到的信息可以弥补连锁定位信息的不足,尤其是全基因组位点上复等位变异的信息为育种提供了亲本选配和后代等位条带辅助选择的依据。
