摘要
为了解江汉平原小麦—大豆轮作系统的最佳施氮量和分配,确定氮肥对轮作系统中小麦和大豆的贡献,通过2019和2020年分别设置小麦栽培季施氮90 kg/hm^(2)+大豆栽培季施氮30 kg/hm^(2)(T1)、小麦栽培季施氮180 kg/hm^(2)+大豆栽培季施氮60 kg/hm^(2)(T2)、小麦栽培季施氮270 kg/hm^(2)+大豆栽培季施氮90 kg/hm^(2)(T3)和小麦栽培季和大豆栽培季均不施氮(CK)4个处理来研究小麦—大豆轮作对氮素利用效率影响。结果表明:施氮(T1-T3)与不施氮(CK)相比,小麦平均分别增产为14.8%、30.66%、33.95%,大豆平均分别增产为18.32%、29.38%、26.72%。小麦、大豆氮肥偏生产力随着施氮量增加而降低,氮肥农学效率以T2处理最高,轮作系统中2种作物的氮肥贡献率均随着施氮量的增加先增后降。施氮量与产量的回归分析结果表明,不同施氮量对小麦和大豆产量的回归方程的R 2均达显著水平,且两年方程曲线一致,可以通过模型预测出产量最优值。江汉平原农区小麦、大豆轮作土壤周年最佳施氮量分别为小麦栽培季施氮肥180 kg/hm^(2)+大豆栽培季施氮肥60 kg/hm^(2),小麦、大豆氮分配比例分别为3∶1。
In order to understand the optimal nitrogen application and distribution in the wheat soybean rotation system in the Jianghan Plain and determine the contribution of nitrogen fertilizer to wheat and soybean in the rotation system,experiment was conducted on the wheat soybean rotation system in 2019 and 2020,with 90 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen applied in the wheat cultivation season+30 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen applied in the soybean cultivation season(T1),180 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen applied in the wheat cultivation season+60 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen applied in the soybean cultivation season(T2),and 270 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen applied in the wheat cultivation season+90 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen applied during the soybean cultivation season(T3)and not applying nitrogen during both wheat and soybean cultivation seasons(CK),and the effects of wheat soybean rotation on nitrogen utilization efficiency were studied.The results showed that compared with no nitrogen application(CK),the average yield of wheat increased by 14.8%,30.66%,and 33.95%with nitrogen application(T1-T3),while the average yield of soybean increased by 18.32%,29.38%,and 26.72%,respectively.The nitrogen fertilizer productivity of wheat and soybean decreases with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is highest in T2 treatment,and the nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate of both crops in the rotation system increases first and then decreases with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The regression analysis between nitrogen application rate and yield showed that the R 2 of the regression equations for wheat and soybean yields at different nitrogen application rates reached a significant level,and the two-year equation curve was consistent.The optimal yield value can be predicted through the model.The optimal annual nitrogen application rates for wheat and soybean rotation soil in the Jianghan Plain agricultural area are 180 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen fertilizer during the wheat cultivation season and 60 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen fertilizer during the soybean cultivation season,with a nitrogen distribution ratio of 3∶1 for wheat and soybean,respectively.
作者
李声春
李晓方
张一林
郭李豪
邢丹英
LI Shengchun;LI Xiaofang;ZHANG Yilin;GUO Lihao;XING Danying(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei;Guangzhou Nanguo Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510800,Guangdong;Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Xichang University,Xichang 615000,Sichuan)
出处
《长江大学学报(自然科学版)》
2025年第5期113-117,130,共6页
Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项“利用农作物自身遗传多样性的抗逆稳产种群技术研究与示范”(201303008)。
