This paper aims to design an automated Global Reporting Format’s (GRF) application in order to reduce time of manual application (on a runway) of the Global Reporting Format developed by International Civil Aviation ...This paper aims to design an automated Global Reporting Format’s (GRF) application in order to reduce time of manual application (on a runway) of the Global Reporting Format developed by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). A method has been used to measure and generate Runway Condition Report (RCR) automatically. The developed computing model is an autonomous and automatic application implemented specially for West Africa (and can be extended to any rainy area). It uses Arduino materials and computing code developed by the authors. Results obtained show that using that method to retrieve the Runway Condition Report (RCR) is fast, so human presence on the runway is reduced. Even though the results obtained using this model are slightly different from those expected, the actual runway conditions are not too much affected.展开更多
The paper designed a non-contact system in order to perform the application (on a runway) of the Global Reporting Format (GRF) developed by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The system involves devices...The paper designed a non-contact system in order to perform the application (on a runway) of the Global Reporting Format (GRF) developed by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The system involves devices that film the surface (a runway in our case) from the air and displays the contaminant (water) body and measures the depth of the water automatically during the inspection. While measuring, data are sent to a computer used as a receiver. The developed devices are automatic devices implemented specially to use during rainy weather or even for some other cases. The aerial system uses a raspberry pi 4 model B, a camera, a laser sensor, an ultrasonic module, a Virtual Network Computing (VNC) and python codes developed by the authors. Results obtained show that using these devices to retrieve the Runway Condition Report (RCR) is very fast and human presence on the runway is not needed. The results obtained using these devices show that the method used herein is a proper solution to the GRF issues in the rainy areas, where the contaminant body detection and the accurate depth measurement were not well estimated because of the lack of a suitable method.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic evaluation in diagnosing and managing ulcerative colitis(UC)is becoming increasingly important.Several endoscopic scoring systems have been established,including the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic...BACKGROUND Endoscopic evaluation in diagnosing and managing ulcerative colitis(UC)is becoming increasingly important.Several endoscopic scoring systems have been established,including the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity(UCEIS)score and Mayo Endoscopic Subscore(MES).Furthermore,the Toronto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Global Endoscopic Reporting(TIGER)score for UC has recently been proposed;however,its clinical value remains unclear.AIM To investigate the clinical value of the TIGER score in UC by comparing it with the UCEIS score and MES.METHODS This retrospective study included 166 patients with UC who underwent total colonoscopy between January 2017 and March 2023 at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University(Qingdao,China).We retrospectively analysed endoscopic scores,laboratory and clinical data,treatment,and readmissions within 1 year.Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient,receiver operating characteristic curve,and univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows,version 26.0(IBM Corp.,Armonk,NY,United States)and GraphPad Prism version 9.0.0 for Windows(GraphPad Software,Boston,Massachusetts,United States).RESULTS The TIGER score significantly correlated with the UCEIS score and MES(r=0.721,0.626,both P<0.001),showed good differentiating values for clinical severity among mild,moderate,and severe UC[8(4-112.75)vs 210(109–219)vs 328(219–426),all P<0.001],and exhibited predictive value in diagnosing patients with severe UC[area under the curve(AUC)=0.897,P<0.001].Additionally,the TIGER(r=0.639,0,551,0.488,0.376,all P<0.001)and UCEIS scores(r=0.622,0,540,0.494,and 0.375,all P<0.001)showed stronger correlations with laboratory and clinical parameters,including C-reactive protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,length of hospitalisation,and hospitalisation costs,than MES(r=0.509,0,351,0.339,and 0.270,all P<0.001).The TIGER score showed the best predictability for patients'recent advanced treatment,including systemic corticosteroids,biologics,or immunomodulators(AUC=0.848,P<0.001)and 1-year readmission(AUC=0.700,P<0.001)compared with the UCEIS score(AUC=0.762,P<0.001;0.627,P<0.05)and MES(AUC=0.684,P<0.001;0.578,P=0.132).Furthermore,a TIGER score of≥317 was identified as an independent risk factor for advanced UC treatment(P=0.011).CONCLUSION The TIGER score may be superior to the UCIES score and MES in improving the accuracy of clinical disease severity assessment,guiding therapeutic decision-making,and predicting short-term prognosis.展开更多
The purpose of the present study is to determine the reflection of sustainability reporting （SR）, which gained momentum considerably during the recent years, on the organizations that are active in Turkey. Turkish b...The purpose of the present study is to determine the reflection of sustainability reporting （SR）, which gained momentum considerably during the recent years, on the organizations that are active in Turkey. Turkish businesses that carried out SR during January 1, 2005 and June 1, 2015 were included in the study. Altogether, 186 sustainability reports containing 6,240 pages of a total of 80 businesses were examined. Data obtained from these reports were classified into various categories. According to the results, it was determined that 84% of the reporting businesses reported according to Global Reporting Initiative （GRI） principles and preferred G3 framework （40%）; and the maximum number of reporting was published in 2014. The present study is the first research article including all businesses making SR in Turkey with all details.展开更多
A series of quality control(QC) procedures were performed on a gauge-based global daily precipitation dataset from the Global Telecommunication System(GTS) for the period 1980-2009.A new global daily precipitation(NGD...A series of quality control(QC) procedures were performed on a gauge-based global daily precipitation dataset from the Global Telecommunication System(GTS) for the period 1980-2009.A new global daily precipitation(NGDP) dataset was constructed by applying those QC procedures to eliminate erroneous records.The NGDP dataset was evaluated using the NOAA Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation(CMAP) and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project(GPCP) precipitation datasets.The results showed that the frequency distribution and spatial distribution pattern of NGDP had a nice match with those from the CMAP and GPCP datasets.The global mean correlation coefficients with the CMAP and GPCP data increased from 0.24 for original GTS precipitation data to about 0.70 for NGDP data.Correspondingly,the root mean square errors(RMSE) decreased from 12 mm per day to 1 mm per day.The interannual variabilities of NGDP monthly precipitation are consistent with the CMAP and GPCP datasets in Asia.Meanwhile,the seasonal variabilities for most land areas on the Earth of NGDP dataset are also consistent with the CMAP and GPCP precipitation products.展开更多
2024年2月,国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)发布了2022年全球癌症统计报告。该报告统计了36种不同类型癌症在全球范围内185个国家发病率与死亡率在地理、性别、不同人类发展指数(human development...2024年2月,国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)发布了2022年全球癌症统计报告。该报告统计了36种不同类型癌症在全球范围内185个国家发病率与死亡率在地理、性别、不同人类发展指数(human development index,HDI)地区上的差异,并对2050年全球的癌症疾病负担进行了预测。该报告显示,2022年全年全球总计新增癌症病例近2000万例,死亡970万例。基于人口统计学的预测表明,预计到2050年,每年新增癌症病例数将达到3500万,比2022年的水平增加77%。从地理分布看,全球癌症的分布存在明显的地区差异,2022年,全球近一半(49.2%)的新发病例和大多数(56.1%)死亡病例都发生在亚洲;从性别分布看,2022年全球的女性癌症综合发病率和死亡率均低于男性;从国家HDI水平看,随着HDI水平的提高,患癌症的风险有增加的趋势。2022年,全球范围内,新增癌症发病例数的前五位分别为,肺癌近250万,死亡病例超180万;女性乳腺癌230万,死亡病例近67万;结直肠癌超190万(包括肛门癌),死亡病例超90万;前列腺癌150万,死亡病例近40万;胃癌近97万,死亡66万。2022年,中国新诊断肺癌病例数占中国新发癌症总病例数的22%,位居第一。肺癌在中国癌症发病谱上仍然位居第一,占中国癌症新发总病例数的22.0%,这一比例较2018年的数据(17.9%)进一步上升,随后依次为结直肠癌(10.7%)、甲状腺癌(9.7%)、肝癌(7.6%)和胃癌(7.4%),这5种癌症占中国总新发病例数的一半以上(57.4%)。本文梳理该报告的数据来源和统计方法,解读主要癌症的流行趋势,并针对中国流行的主要癌种进行了统计与分析,分析其疾病负担的情况与流行趋势。展开更多
[目的/意义]研究德国马歇尔基金会(German Marshall Fund of the United States,GMF)对华问题的认知,有助于分析研判美国对中国崛起的全球影响的舆论走向和战略决策,为中美关系、中欧关系等问题的研究提供启示。[方法/过程]本文通过对其...[目的/意义]研究德国马歇尔基金会(German Marshall Fund of the United States,GMF)对华问题的认知,有助于分析研判美国对中国崛起的全球影响的舆论走向和战略决策,为中美关系、中欧关系等问题的研究提供启示。[方法/过程]本文通过对其2019至2024年共894篇的研究成果分析,梳理主要作者与研究主题,基于GMF对“对华研究”的认知现状、话语偏见模式角度与对华话语偏见模式特征进行系统性分析。[结果/结论]近年来该基金会的研究成果存在明显的对华话语偏见,在主题设置中存在预设立场,客观上强化西方对“中国崛起”的焦虑情绪。基于该基金会的影响力,这些负面认知可能会对美国政府决策、他国政策及舆论产生负面影响。因此,必须持续做好与国外智库沟通工作,提升国内智库话语能力和建设水平,构建中国特色话语传播体系,在国际舆论场上发出中国声音,助力加快构建中国话语和中国叙事体系。展开更多
The 2024World Health Organization(WHO)Global Tuberculosis Report underscores progress and persisting challenges in the fight against tuberculosis(TB).1 TB remains a significant global health concern,with a slight stab...The 2024World Health Organization(WHO)Global Tuberculosis Report underscores progress and persisting challenges in the fight against tuberculosis(TB).1 TB remains a significant global health concern,with a slight stabilization in the incidence rate following disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.However,achieving the goals of the End TB Strategy by 2035 requires more accelerated efforts.2 The report reveals that,while the global rise in TB incidence has slowed,the number of people falling ill with TB continues to rise,highlighted by a global estimate of 10.8 million TB cases in 2023,with 30 high TB burden countries accounting for 87%of the global total TB cases.It is noteworthy that five countries accounted for 56%of the global TB burden,with India contributing the largest share at 26%,followed by Indonesia at 10%,China at 6.8%,the Philippines at 6.8%and Pakistan at 6.3%.Despite a reduction in TB deaths globally(approximately 1.25 million in 2023 compared with 1.32 million in 2022),TB has reclaimed its position as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent,surpassing COVID-19.TB deaths are primarily due to complications resulting from untreated or poorly managed TB infections.The leading causes of death include the progression of pulmonary TB and TB with HIV/AIDS.Highmortality TB diseases such as tuberculous meningitis,miliary TB and disseminated TB remain critically neglected,receiving insufficient attention and lacking adequate treatment strategies.3–6 Addressing this neglect requires urgent investment in advanced diagnostics,personalized treatments and innovative drug therapies.Expanding healthcare capacity and establishing effective treatment standards are vital to combating these overlooked diseases and reducing mortality,particularly amid rising drug resistance.展开更多
文摘This paper aims to design an automated Global Reporting Format’s (GRF) application in order to reduce time of manual application (on a runway) of the Global Reporting Format developed by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). A method has been used to measure and generate Runway Condition Report (RCR) automatically. The developed computing model is an autonomous and automatic application implemented specially for West Africa (and can be extended to any rainy area). It uses Arduino materials and computing code developed by the authors. Results obtained show that using that method to retrieve the Runway Condition Report (RCR) is fast, so human presence on the runway is reduced. Even though the results obtained using this model are slightly different from those expected, the actual runway conditions are not too much affected.
文摘The paper designed a non-contact system in order to perform the application (on a runway) of the Global Reporting Format (GRF) developed by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The system involves devices that film the surface (a runway in our case) from the air and displays the contaminant (water) body and measures the depth of the water automatically during the inspection. While measuring, data are sent to a computer used as a receiver. The developed devices are automatic devices implemented specially to use during rainy weather or even for some other cases. The aerial system uses a raspberry pi 4 model B, a camera, a laser sensor, an ultrasonic module, a Virtual Network Computing (VNC) and python codes developed by the authors. Results obtained show that using these devices to retrieve the Runway Condition Report (RCR) is very fast and human presence on the runway is not needed. The results obtained using these devices show that the method used herein is a proper solution to the GRF issues in the rainy areas, where the contaminant body detection and the accurate depth measurement were not well estimated because of the lack of a suitable method.
基金Clinical Medicine+X Research Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University in 2021,No.QDFY+X202101036Qingdao Medical and Health Research Program in 2021,No.2021-WJZD166and Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2020QH031.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic evaluation in diagnosing and managing ulcerative colitis(UC)is becoming increasingly important.Several endoscopic scoring systems have been established,including the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity(UCEIS)score and Mayo Endoscopic Subscore(MES).Furthermore,the Toronto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Global Endoscopic Reporting(TIGER)score for UC has recently been proposed;however,its clinical value remains unclear.AIM To investigate the clinical value of the TIGER score in UC by comparing it with the UCEIS score and MES.METHODS This retrospective study included 166 patients with UC who underwent total colonoscopy between January 2017 and March 2023 at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University(Qingdao,China).We retrospectively analysed endoscopic scores,laboratory and clinical data,treatment,and readmissions within 1 year.Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient,receiver operating characteristic curve,and univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows,version 26.0(IBM Corp.,Armonk,NY,United States)and GraphPad Prism version 9.0.0 for Windows(GraphPad Software,Boston,Massachusetts,United States).RESULTS The TIGER score significantly correlated with the UCEIS score and MES(r=0.721,0.626,both P<0.001),showed good differentiating values for clinical severity among mild,moderate,and severe UC[8(4-112.75)vs 210(109–219)vs 328(219–426),all P<0.001],and exhibited predictive value in diagnosing patients with severe UC[area under the curve(AUC)=0.897,P<0.001].Additionally,the TIGER(r=0.639,0,551,0.488,0.376,all P<0.001)and UCEIS scores(r=0.622,0,540,0.494,and 0.375,all P<0.001)showed stronger correlations with laboratory and clinical parameters,including C-reactive protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,length of hospitalisation,and hospitalisation costs,than MES(r=0.509,0,351,0.339,and 0.270,all P<0.001).The TIGER score showed the best predictability for patients'recent advanced treatment,including systemic corticosteroids,biologics,or immunomodulators(AUC=0.848,P<0.001)and 1-year readmission(AUC=0.700,P<0.001)compared with the UCEIS score(AUC=0.762,P<0.001;0.627,P<0.05)and MES(AUC=0.684,P<0.001;0.578,P=0.132).Furthermore,a TIGER score of≥317 was identified as an independent risk factor for advanced UC treatment(P=0.011).CONCLUSION The TIGER score may be superior to the UCIES score and MES in improving the accuracy of clinical disease severity assessment,guiding therapeutic decision-making,and predicting short-term prognosis.
文摘The purpose of the present study is to determine the reflection of sustainability reporting （SR）, which gained momentum considerably during the recent years, on the organizations that are active in Turkey. Turkish businesses that carried out SR during January 1, 2005 and June 1, 2015 were included in the study. Altogether, 186 sustainability reports containing 6,240 pages of a total of 80 businesses were examined. Data obtained from these reports were classified into various categories. According to the results, it was determined that 84% of the reporting businesses reported according to Global Reporting Initiative （GRI） principles and preferred G3 framework （40%）; and the maximum number of reporting was published in 2014. The present study is the first research article including all businesses making SR in Turkey with all details.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(No. 40905046,No.41175066)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(No.2009AA1220005, No.2009BAC51B03)the National Basic Research Program (No.2010CB951902)of China
文摘A series of quality control(QC) procedures were performed on a gauge-based global daily precipitation dataset from the Global Telecommunication System(GTS) for the period 1980-2009.A new global daily precipitation(NGDP) dataset was constructed by applying those QC procedures to eliminate erroneous records.The NGDP dataset was evaluated using the NOAA Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation(CMAP) and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project(GPCP) precipitation datasets.The results showed that the frequency distribution and spatial distribution pattern of NGDP had a nice match with those from the CMAP and GPCP datasets.The global mean correlation coefficients with the CMAP and GPCP data increased from 0.24 for original GTS precipitation data to about 0.70 for NGDP data.Correspondingly,the root mean square errors(RMSE) decreased from 12 mm per day to 1 mm per day.The interannual variabilities of NGDP monthly precipitation are consistent with the CMAP and GPCP datasets in Asia.Meanwhile,the seasonal variabilities for most land areas on the Earth of NGDP dataset are also consistent with the CMAP and GPCP precipitation products.
文摘2024年2月,国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)发布了2022年全球癌症统计报告。该报告统计了36种不同类型癌症在全球范围内185个国家发病率与死亡率在地理、性别、不同人类发展指数(human development index,HDI)地区上的差异,并对2050年全球的癌症疾病负担进行了预测。该报告显示,2022年全年全球总计新增癌症病例近2000万例,死亡970万例。基于人口统计学的预测表明,预计到2050年,每年新增癌症病例数将达到3500万,比2022年的水平增加77%。从地理分布看,全球癌症的分布存在明显的地区差异,2022年,全球近一半(49.2%)的新发病例和大多数(56.1%)死亡病例都发生在亚洲;从性别分布看,2022年全球的女性癌症综合发病率和死亡率均低于男性;从国家HDI水平看,随着HDI水平的提高,患癌症的风险有增加的趋势。2022年,全球范围内,新增癌症发病例数的前五位分别为,肺癌近250万,死亡病例超180万;女性乳腺癌230万,死亡病例近67万;结直肠癌超190万(包括肛门癌),死亡病例超90万;前列腺癌150万,死亡病例近40万;胃癌近97万,死亡66万。2022年,中国新诊断肺癌病例数占中国新发癌症总病例数的22%,位居第一。肺癌在中国癌症发病谱上仍然位居第一,占中国癌症新发总病例数的22.0%,这一比例较2018年的数据(17.9%)进一步上升,随后依次为结直肠癌(10.7%)、甲状腺癌(9.7%)、肝癌(7.6%)和胃癌(7.4%),这5种癌症占中国总新发病例数的一半以上(57.4%)。本文梳理该报告的数据来源和统计方法,解读主要癌症的流行趋势,并针对中国流行的主要癌种进行了统计与分析,分析其疾病负担的情况与流行趋势。
文摘[目的/意义]研究德国马歇尔基金会(German Marshall Fund of the United States,GMF)对华问题的认知,有助于分析研判美国对中国崛起的全球影响的舆论走向和战略决策,为中美关系、中欧关系等问题的研究提供启示。[方法/过程]本文通过对其2019至2024年共894篇的研究成果分析,梳理主要作者与研究主题,基于GMF对“对华研究”的认知现状、话语偏见模式角度与对华话语偏见模式特征进行系统性分析。[结果/结论]近年来该基金会的研究成果存在明显的对华话语偏见,在主题设置中存在预设立场,客观上强化西方对“中国崛起”的焦虑情绪。基于该基金会的影响力,这些负面认知可能会对美国政府决策、他国政策及舆论产生负面影响。因此,必须持续做好与国外智库沟通工作,提升国内智库话语能力和建设水平,构建中国特色话语传播体系,在国际舆论场上发出中国声音,助力加快构建中国话语和中国叙事体系。
基金supported by the National Infectious Disease Medical Center(B2022011-1)Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory project(JNL-2022050B)。
文摘The 2024World Health Organization(WHO)Global Tuberculosis Report underscores progress and persisting challenges in the fight against tuberculosis(TB).1 TB remains a significant global health concern,with a slight stabilization in the incidence rate following disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.However,achieving the goals of the End TB Strategy by 2035 requires more accelerated efforts.2 The report reveals that,while the global rise in TB incidence has slowed,the number of people falling ill with TB continues to rise,highlighted by a global estimate of 10.8 million TB cases in 2023,with 30 high TB burden countries accounting for 87%of the global total TB cases.It is noteworthy that five countries accounted for 56%of the global TB burden,with India contributing the largest share at 26%,followed by Indonesia at 10%,China at 6.8%,the Philippines at 6.8%and Pakistan at 6.3%.Despite a reduction in TB deaths globally(approximately 1.25 million in 2023 compared with 1.32 million in 2022),TB has reclaimed its position as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent,surpassing COVID-19.TB deaths are primarily due to complications resulting from untreated or poorly managed TB infections.The leading causes of death include the progression of pulmonary TB and TB with HIV/AIDS.Highmortality TB diseases such as tuberculous meningitis,miliary TB and disseminated TB remain critically neglected,receiving insufficient attention and lacking adequate treatment strategies.3–6 Addressing this neglect requires urgent investment in advanced diagnostics,personalized treatments and innovative drug therapies.Expanding healthcare capacity and establishing effective treatment standards are vital to combating these overlooked diseases and reducing mortality,particularly amid rising drug resistance.
