In 1564,in honor of the death of Michelangelo Buonarroti(1475-1564),an artistic extravaganza was invented by the Benedictine monk Vincenzo Borghini(1515-1580)-prior of the hospital of the innocents,humanist,and admini...In 1564,in honor of the death of Michelangelo Buonarroti(1475-1564),an artistic extravaganza was invented by the Benedictine monk Vincenzo Borghini(1515-1580)-prior of the hospital of the innocents,humanist,and administrator of the Florentine Academy of Design(Accademia del Disegno or Florentine Academy)-and was implemented by Giorgio Vasari(1511-1574)-artist,writer,and artistic director of the Academy,who engaged his Florentine assistants to work on the execution of the tomb in the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence(see Figure 1).The commission of Michelangelo’s tomb was prompted by his nephew,Lionardo[Leonardo]Simoni-Buonarroti(1522-1599),and the Grand Duke of Tuscany,Cosimo I de’Medici(1519-1574).The tomb was completed in 1578.Vasari designed the architectural monument,and his assistants,members of the Florentine Academy,collaborated in the following manner:The sculptures of the Fine Arts were carved by Giovanni Bandini(1540-1599),who represented the personification of architecture;Valerio di Simone Cioli(1529-1599),who represented the personification of Sculpture;and Battista Lorenzi(1527-1594),who represented the personification of Painting and the portrait bust of Michelangelo.Giovanni Battista Naldini(1537-1591)completed al fresco the burning urns,the purple-colored doorway of the tomb,the suspended canopy,and the Pietàin the center of the marble tabernacle.This latter artistic contribution is the topic of this essay.展开更多
This article delves into the significance of Guido Reni’s Infant Bacchus,created during the Italian Baroque period.By examining historical and iconographic elements,the study aims to interpret the symbolism depicted ...This article delves into the significance of Guido Reni’s Infant Bacchus,created during the Italian Baroque period.By examining historical and iconographic elements,the study aims to interpret the symbolism depicted in the painting.The historical aspects include the birth of Dionysus or Bacchus in classical and Italian Renaissance imagery and literary and visual sources that influenced Reni’s solo painting.The iconographic components encompass the infant’s nude body,the child’s bodily functions,and the attributes associated with Bacchus,the God of Agriculture,Revelry,and Wine,such as the grapevines,grapes,ivy,glass flask,kantharos(wine cup),and wine barrel.The emblematic and cosmological associations of Bacchus’s divinity are considered as well.展开更多
The Niger Delta marine environment has experienced a series of environmental disasters since the inception of oil and gas exploration,which can be attributed to climate change.Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions and sea s...The Niger Delta marine environment has experienced a series of environmental disasters since the inception of oil and gas exploration,which can be attributed to climate change.Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions and sea surface temperature(T)ties associated with burning fossil fuels,such as gas flaring,vehicular traffic,and marine vessel movement along the sea,are increasing.Using data extracted from the NASA Giovanni satellite’s Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS)and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS),this study mapped the carbon footprint and T along the coastline into the deep sea from 2003 to 2011,using ArcGIS software.The spatial distribution of CO_(2) and T concentrations determined by the inverse distance weighting(IDW)method reveals variations in the study area.The results show an increase in the quantity of the mean tropospheric CO_(2) from July 2003 to December 2011,from 374.5129 ppm to 390.7831 ppm annual CO_(2) emissions,which also reflects a continuous increase.The average Monthly sea surface temperature had a general increasing trend from 25.79℃ in July 2003 to 27.8°C in December,with the Pearson correlation coefficient between CO_(2) and T indicating 50%strongly positive,20%strongly negative,20%weakly positive,and 10%weakly negative.CO_(2) levels,like temperature,follow a seasonal cycle,with a decrease during the wet season due to precipitation dissolving and plant uptake during the growing season,and then a rise during the dry season.Carbon capture and storage technologies must be implemented to benefit the marine ecosystem and human well-being.展开更多
文摘In 1564,in honor of the death of Michelangelo Buonarroti(1475-1564),an artistic extravaganza was invented by the Benedictine monk Vincenzo Borghini(1515-1580)-prior of the hospital of the innocents,humanist,and administrator of the Florentine Academy of Design(Accademia del Disegno or Florentine Academy)-and was implemented by Giorgio Vasari(1511-1574)-artist,writer,and artistic director of the Academy,who engaged his Florentine assistants to work on the execution of the tomb in the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence(see Figure 1).The commission of Michelangelo’s tomb was prompted by his nephew,Lionardo[Leonardo]Simoni-Buonarroti(1522-1599),and the Grand Duke of Tuscany,Cosimo I de’Medici(1519-1574).The tomb was completed in 1578.Vasari designed the architectural monument,and his assistants,members of the Florentine Academy,collaborated in the following manner:The sculptures of the Fine Arts were carved by Giovanni Bandini(1540-1599),who represented the personification of architecture;Valerio di Simone Cioli(1529-1599),who represented the personification of Sculpture;and Battista Lorenzi(1527-1594),who represented the personification of Painting and the portrait bust of Michelangelo.Giovanni Battista Naldini(1537-1591)completed al fresco the burning urns,the purple-colored doorway of the tomb,the suspended canopy,and the Pietàin the center of the marble tabernacle.This latter artistic contribution is the topic of this essay.
文摘This article delves into the significance of Guido Reni’s Infant Bacchus,created during the Italian Baroque period.By examining historical and iconographic elements,the study aims to interpret the symbolism depicted in the painting.The historical aspects include the birth of Dionysus or Bacchus in classical and Italian Renaissance imagery and literary and visual sources that influenced Reni’s solo painting.The iconographic components encompass the infant’s nude body,the child’s bodily functions,and the attributes associated with Bacchus,the God of Agriculture,Revelry,and Wine,such as the grapevines,grapes,ivy,glass flask,kantharos(wine cup),and wine barrel.The emblematic and cosmological associations of Bacchus’s divinity are considered as well.
文摘The Niger Delta marine environment has experienced a series of environmental disasters since the inception of oil and gas exploration,which can be attributed to climate change.Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions and sea surface temperature(T)ties associated with burning fossil fuels,such as gas flaring,vehicular traffic,and marine vessel movement along the sea,are increasing.Using data extracted from the NASA Giovanni satellite’s Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS)and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS),this study mapped the carbon footprint and T along the coastline into the deep sea from 2003 to 2011,using ArcGIS software.The spatial distribution of CO_(2) and T concentrations determined by the inverse distance weighting(IDW)method reveals variations in the study area.The results show an increase in the quantity of the mean tropospheric CO_(2) from July 2003 to December 2011,from 374.5129 ppm to 390.7831 ppm annual CO_(2) emissions,which also reflects a continuous increase.The average Monthly sea surface temperature had a general increasing trend from 25.79℃ in July 2003 to 27.8°C in December,with the Pearson correlation coefficient between CO_(2) and T indicating 50%strongly positive,20%strongly negative,20%weakly positive,and 10%weakly negative.CO_(2) levels,like temperature,follow a seasonal cycle,with a decrease during the wet season due to precipitation dissolving and plant uptake during the growing season,and then a rise during the dry season.Carbon capture and storage technologies must be implemented to benefit the marine ecosystem and human well-being.
