This paper presents a generalization of the authors＇ earlier work. In this paper, the two concepts, generic regular decomposition （GRD） and regular-decomposition-unstable （RDU） variety introduced in the authors＇...This paper presents a generalization of the authors＇ earlier work. In this paper, the two concepts, generic regular decomposition （GRD） and regular-decomposition-unstable （RDU） variety introduced in the authors＇ previous work for generic zero-dimensional systems, are extended to the case where the parametric systems are not necessarily zero-dimensional. An algorithm is provided to compute GRDs and the associated RDU varieties of parametric systems simultaneously on the basis of the algorithm for generic zero-dimensional systems proposed in the authors＇ previous work. Then the solutions of any parametric system can be represented by the solutions of finitely many regular systems and the decomposition is stable at any parameter value in the complement of the associated RDU variety of the parameter space. The related definitions and the results presented in the authors＇ previous work are also generalized and a further discussion on RDU varieties is given from an experimental point of view. The new algorithm has been implemented on the basis of DISCOVERER with Maple 16 and experimented with a number of benchmarks from the literature.展开更多
In this book new results on controller design techniques for the tracking of generic reference inputs are presented. They allow the design of a controller for an uncertain process, either continuous or discrete-time, ...In this book new results on controller design techniques for the tracking of generic reference inputs are presented. They allow the design of a controller for an uncertain process, either continuous or discrete-time, without zeros, and with measurable state. The controller guarantees that the control system is Type 1 and has the desired constant gain and poles or that the control system tracks, with a specified maximum error and with a specified maximum time constant, a generic reference with bounded derivative (variation in the discrete-time case), also in the presence of a generic disturbance with bounded derivative (variation). In addition, it is considered the case in which the reference is known a priori. The utility and the efficiency of the proposed methods are illustrated with attractive and significant examples of motion control and temperature control. This book is useful for the design of control systems, especially for manufacturing systems, that are versatile, fast, precise and robust.展开更多
The development of ubiquitous computing systems benefits tremendously from the service-oriented computing concept in seamless interoperation of heterogeneous devices. However, architectures, services interfaces and ne...The development of ubiquitous computing systems benefits tremendously from the service-oriented computing concept in seamless interoperation of heterogeneous devices. However, architectures, services interfaces and network implementation of the existing service-oriented systems differ case by case. Furthermore, many systems lack the capability of being applied to resource constrained devices, for example, sensors. Therefore, we propose a standardized approach to present a service to the network and to access a networked service, which can be adopted by arbitrary types of devices. In this approach, services are specified and exposed through a set of standardized interfaces. Moreover, a virtual community concept is introduced to determine a secure boundary within which services can be freely discovered, accessed and composed into applications;a hierarchical management scheme is presented which enables the third party management of services and their underlying resources. In this way, application control logic goes into the network and environment context is dealt with intelligently by the system. A prototype system is developed to validate our ideas. Results show the feasibility of this open distributed system software architecture.展开更多
Objective To study the significance of authorized generic drugs due to the successive relevant documents issued by China’s government in recent years,which clearly stipulated that China should establish a drug patent...Objective To study the significance of authorized generic drugs due to the successive relevant documents issued by China’s government in recent years,which clearly stipulated that China should establish a drug patent linkage system.Methods The authorized generic drugs play an important role in keeping the balance between brandname drugs and generic drugs in the US.Therefore,this system was investigated,focusing on its difference from independent generics,marketing procedures,application in patent litigation and legitimacy analysis through case evidence.This analogy analysis could provide a reference for the research of authorized generic drug systems in China.Results and Conclusion As an important factor affecting the balance between brand-name drugs and generic drugs,authorized generic drugs should be comprehensively analyzed and discussed,and a suitable system for China’s national conditions should be established by referring to the experiences of the US.展开更多
With the continuous development of science and technology and the progress of society, intelligent technology has been further promoted and applied in construction engineering, and the development of construction indu...With the continuous development of science and technology and the progress of society, intelligent technology has been further promoted and applied in construction engineering, and the development of construction industry also presents an intelligent trend. The construction of intelligent building focuses on weak current link construction, so the construction company should strengthen the progress control and quality inspection of weak current project construction, so as to improve the quality level of weak current project. Based on the problems existing in the current construction of generic cabling and security system, this paper studies the key points in the construction process and specific construction technology, and puts forward some suggestions from the aspects of construction design and management, hoping to solve some problems existing in the current construction of generic cabling and security system, to provide valuable technical reference for relevant technical personnel and enterprises.展开更多
Integrated wiring system is an important infrastructure in ultra-high-rise buildings. Only by ensuring the rationality of the design of integrated wiring system can the use function of ultra-high-rise buildings be ens...Integrated wiring system is an important infrastructure in ultra-high-rise buildings. Only by ensuring the rationality of the design of integrated wiring system can the use function of ultra-high-rise buildings be ensured. In this paper, the concept of ultra-high-rise building and integrated wiring system is briefly introduced at first, then the importance of integrated wiring system to ultra-high-rise building is clarified, then the design points of integrated wiring system of ultra-high-rise building are analyzed combined with actual projects, and finally the management optimization scheme of integrated wiring system of ultra-high-rise building is discussed.展开更多
This paper proposes a mixed game with finitely many leaders and follower populations.In such a game,two types of equilibria are defined.First,a Nash equilibrium is introduced for the scenario in which leaders and foll...This paper proposes a mixed game with finitely many leaders and follower populations.In such a game,two types of equilibria are defined.First,a Nash equilibrium is introduced for the scenario in which leaders and follower populations are in perfect competition,each maximizing its own payoff.Second,a cooperative equilibrium is proposed for the case where leaders and follower populations,respectively,form coalitions and cooperate.Moreover,the existence of both Nash and cooperative equilibria is proved under the condition that the payoff functions are continuous and quasi-concave.Finally,we demonstrate the generic stability of cooperative equilibria in mixed games.More concretely,in the sense of Baire category,the cooperative equilibria in most mixed games are stable under perturbations of the payoff functions.In short,this paper presents two main contributions.On the one hand,we provide a novel mixed-game framework,which differs from both classical leader-follower games and leader-follower population games.On the other hand,the Nash and cooperative equilibria in our mixed games are distinct from those in existing leader-follower population games.The results are further illustrated with examples.展开更多
BACKGROUND Direct acting antivirals have revolutionized hepatitis C virus(HCV)treatment.However,the high price of the brand forms is a barrier for their use in resource limited countries as Egypt.AIM To assess the saf...BACKGROUND Direct acting antivirals have revolutionized hepatitis C virus(HCV)treatment.However,the high price of the brand forms is a barrier for their use in resource limited countries as Egypt.AIM To assess the safety and efficacy of the generic sofosbuvir(SOF)/ledipasvir(LED)in Egyptian HCV-infected children and to compare the results with the brand form.METHODS This analytical retrospective study included HCV infected children and adolescents aged 12-18 years or weighing>35 kg.Collected data included:Age,sex,risk factors of HCV acquisition,comorbidities,liver functions,HCV viral load,degree of hepatic fibrosis,sustained virologic response(SVR)and frequency of treatment adverse effects.Patients who received the generic form of SOF/LED(Ledisbuvir)were compared to patients who received the brand form(Harvoni®)regarding SVR and frequency of adverse events.RESULTS The study included 43 patients who received Ledisbuvir and 73 who received Harvoni®.All patients achieved SVR.Treatment side effects were mild,transient and comparable in both groups.CONCLUSION The use of generic SOF/LED in HCV infected children is safe and effective.It is comparable to the brand form at a reduced price and represents an affordable and effective alternative.展开更多
Advancements in animal behavior quantification methods have driven the development of computational ethology,enabling fully automated behavior analysis.Existing multianimal pose estimation workflows rely on tracking-b...Advancements in animal behavior quantification methods have driven the development of computational ethology,enabling fully automated behavior analysis.Existing multianimal pose estimation workflows rely on tracking-bydetection frameworks for either bottom-up or top-down approaches,requiring retraining to accommodate diverse animal appearances.This study introduces InteBOMB,an integrated workflow that enhances top-down approaches by incorporating generic object tracking,eliminating the need for prior knowledge of target animals while maintaining broad generalizability.InteBOMB includes two key strategies for tracking and segmentation in laboratory environments and two techniques for pose estimation in natural settings.The“background enhancement”strategy optimizesforeground-backgroundcontrastiveloss,generating more discriminative correlation maps.The“online proofreading”strategy stores human-in-the-loop long-term memory and dynamic short-term memory,enabling adaptive updates to object visual features.The“automated labeling suggestion”technique reuses the visual features saved during tracking to identify representative frames for training set labeling.Additionally,the“joint behavior analysis”technique integrates these features with multimodal data,expanding the latent space for behavior classification and clustering.To evaluate the framework,six datasets of mice and six datasets of nonhuman primates were compiled,covering laboratory and natural scenes.Benchmarking results demonstrated a24%improvement in zero-shot generic tracking and a 21%enhancement in joint latent space performance across datasets,highlighting the effectiveness of this approach in robust,generalizable behavior analysis.展开更多
Rock mass classification(RMC) is of critical importance in support design and applications to mining,tunneling and other underground excavations. Although a number of techniques are available, there exists an uncertai...Rock mass classification(RMC) is of critical importance in support design and applications to mining,tunneling and other underground excavations. Although a number of techniques are available, there exists an uncertainty in application to complex underground works. In the present work, a generic rock mass rating(GRMR) system is developed. The proposed GRMR system refers to as most commonly used techniques, and two rock load equations are suggested in terms of GRMR, which are based on the fact that whether all the rock parameters considered by the system have an influence or only few of them are influencing. The GRMR method has been validated with the data obtained from three underground coal mines in India. Then, a semi-empirical model is developed for the GRMR method using artificial neural network(ANN), and it is validated by a comparative analysis of ANN model results with that by analytical GRMR method.展开更多
In the present study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and adherence of Runzhong;(generic drug, Chiatai Tianqing,Nanjing) and Baraclude;(branded drug, Bristol-Myers Squibb) in patients with chronic hepatitis B. We col...In the present study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and adherence of Runzhong;(generic drug, Chiatai Tianqing,Nanjing) and Baraclude;(branded drug, Bristol-Myers Squibb) in patients with chronic hepatitis B. We collected patient data from three hospitals within 48 weeks and compared the two groups by using the propensity-score matching method. A total of 4889 patients were enrolled in this study;503 initiated a brand-name drug, and 4386 received a generic drug. There was no significant difference in the rates of CVR(complete virologic response) and VB(virologic breakthrough) between the Runzhong;group and Baraclude;group at 24 and 48 weeks. Similar results for HBeAg loss, medication possession ratio(MPR), and biological response were obtained. Age, gender(HR 0.909(0.842–0.981)), normal baseline ALT rate(HR 0.789(0.731–0.851)), HBeAg-positive rate, and baseline undetectable HBV DNA rate(HR 0.306(0.234–0.399)) were independent factors for achieving CVR.展开更多
Attribute-based encryption is drawing more attention with its inherent attractive properties which are potential to be widely used in the newly developing cloud computing. However, one of the main obstacles for its ap...Attribute-based encryption is drawing more attention with its inherent attractive properties which are potential to be widely used in the newly developing cloud computing. However, one of the main obstacles for its application is how to revoke the attributes of the users, though some ABE schemes have realized revocation, they mostly focused on the user revocation that revokes the user＇s whole attributes, or attribute revocation under the indirect revocation model such that all the users＇ private keys will be affected by the revocation. In this paper, we define the model of CP-ABE supporting the attribute revocation under the direct revocation model, in which the revocation list is embed in the ciphertext and none of the users＇ private keys will be affected by the revocation process. Then we propose a generic construction, and prove its security with the decision q-BDHE assumption.展开更多
基金supported by by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11271034,11290141the Project SYSKF1207 from SKLCS,IOS,the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘This paper presents a generalization of the authors＇ earlier work. In this paper, the two concepts, generic regular decomposition （GRD） and regular-decomposition-unstable （RDU） variety introduced in the authors＇ previous work for generic zero-dimensional systems, are extended to the case where the parametric systems are not necessarily zero-dimensional. An algorithm is provided to compute GRDs and the associated RDU varieties of parametric systems simultaneously on the basis of the algorithm for generic zero-dimensional systems proposed in the authors＇ previous work. Then the solutions of any parametric system can be represented by the solutions of finitely many regular systems and the decomposition is stable at any parameter value in the complement of the associated RDU variety of the parameter space. The related definitions and the results presented in the authors＇ previous work are also generalized and a further discussion on RDU varieties is given from an experimental point of view. The new algorithm has been implemented on the basis of DISCOVERER with Maple 16 and experimented with a number of benchmarks from the literature.
文摘In this book new results on controller design techniques for the tracking of generic reference inputs are presented. They allow the design of a controller for an uncertain process, either continuous or discrete-time, without zeros, and with measurable state. The controller guarantees that the control system is Type 1 and has the desired constant gain and poles or that the control system tracks, with a specified maximum error and with a specified maximum time constant, a generic reference with bounded derivative (variation in the discrete-time case), also in the presence of a generic disturbance with bounded derivative (variation). In addition, it is considered the case in which the reference is known a priori. The utility and the efficiency of the proposed methods are illustrated with attractive and significant examples of motion control and temperature control. This book is useful for the design of control systems, especially for manufacturing systems, that are versatile, fast, precise and robust.
文摘The development of ubiquitous computing systems benefits tremendously from the service-oriented computing concept in seamless interoperation of heterogeneous devices. However, architectures, services interfaces and network implementation of the existing service-oriented systems differ case by case. Furthermore, many systems lack the capability of being applied to resource constrained devices, for example, sensors. Therefore, we propose a standardized approach to present a service to the network and to access a networked service, which can be adopted by arbitrary types of devices. In this approach, services are specified and exposed through a set of standardized interfaces. Moreover, a virtual community concept is introduced to determine a secure boundary within which services can be freely discovered, accessed and composed into applications;a hierarchical management scheme is presented which enables the third party management of services and their underlying resources. In this way, application control logic goes into the network and environment context is dealt with intelligently by the system. A prototype system is developed to validate our ideas. Results show the feasibility of this open distributed system software architecture.
文摘Objective To study the significance of authorized generic drugs due to the successive relevant documents issued by China’s government in recent years,which clearly stipulated that China should establish a drug patent linkage system.Methods The authorized generic drugs play an important role in keeping the balance between brandname drugs and generic drugs in the US.Therefore,this system was investigated,focusing on its difference from independent generics,marketing procedures,application in patent litigation and legitimacy analysis through case evidence.This analogy analysis could provide a reference for the research of authorized generic drug systems in China.Results and Conclusion As an important factor affecting the balance between brand-name drugs and generic drugs,authorized generic drugs should be comprehensively analyzed and discussed,and a suitable system for China’s national conditions should be established by referring to the experiences of the US.
文摘With the continuous development of science and technology and the progress of society, intelligent technology has been further promoted and applied in construction engineering, and the development of construction industry also presents an intelligent trend. The construction of intelligent building focuses on weak current link construction, so the construction company should strengthen the progress control and quality inspection of weak current project construction, so as to improve the quality level of weak current project. Based on the problems existing in the current construction of generic cabling and security system, this paper studies the key points in the construction process and specific construction technology, and puts forward some suggestions from the aspects of construction design and management, hoping to solve some problems existing in the current construction of generic cabling and security system, to provide valuable technical reference for relevant technical personnel and enterprises.
文摘Integrated wiring system is an important infrastructure in ultra-high-rise buildings. Only by ensuring the rationality of the design of integrated wiring system can the use function of ultra-high-rise buildings be ensured. In this paper, the concept of ultra-high-rise building and integrated wiring system is briefly introduced at first, then the importance of integrated wiring system to ultra-high-rise building is clarified, then the design points of integrated wiring system of ultra-high-rise building are analyzed combined with actual projects, and finally the management optimization scheme of integrated wiring system of ultra-high-rise building is discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11271098)the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Grant No.MS[2025]676)。
文摘This paper proposes a mixed game with finitely many leaders and follower populations.In such a game,two types of equilibria are defined.First,a Nash equilibrium is introduced for the scenario in which leaders and follower populations are in perfect competition,each maximizing its own payoff.Second,a cooperative equilibrium is proposed for the case where leaders and follower populations,respectively,form coalitions and cooperate.Moreover,the existence of both Nash and cooperative equilibria is proved under the condition that the payoff functions are continuous and quasi-concave.Finally,we demonstrate the generic stability of cooperative equilibria in mixed games.More concretely,in the sense of Baire category,the cooperative equilibria in most mixed games are stable under perturbations of the payoff functions.In short,this paper presents two main contributions.On the one hand,we provide a novel mixed-game framework,which differs from both classical leader-follower games and leader-follower population games.On the other hand,the Nash and cooperative equilibria in our mixed games are distinct from those in existing leader-follower population games.The results are further illustrated with examples.
文摘BACKGROUND Direct acting antivirals have revolutionized hepatitis C virus(HCV)treatment.However,the high price of the brand forms is a barrier for their use in resource limited countries as Egypt.AIM To assess the safety and efficacy of the generic sofosbuvir(SOF)/ledipasvir(LED)in Egyptian HCV-infected children and to compare the results with the brand form.METHODS This analytical retrospective study included HCV infected children and adolescents aged 12-18 years or weighing>35 kg.Collected data included:Age,sex,risk factors of HCV acquisition,comorbidities,liver functions,HCV viral load,degree of hepatic fibrosis,sustained virologic response(SVR)and frequency of treatment adverse effects.Patients who received the generic form of SOF/LED(Ledisbuvir)were compared to patients who received the brand form(Harvoni®)regarding SVR and frequency of adverse events.RESULTS The study included 43 patients who received Ledisbuvir and 73 who received Harvoni®.All patients achieved SVR.Treatment side effects were mild,transient and comparable in both groups.CONCLUSION The use of generic SOF/LED in HCV infected children is safe and effective.It is comparable to the brand form at a reduced price and represents an affordable and effective alternative.
基金supported by the STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0211900,2022ZD0211902)STI 2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0204500,2021ZD0204503)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171461)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3208303)。
文摘Advancements in animal behavior quantification methods have driven the development of computational ethology,enabling fully automated behavior analysis.Existing multianimal pose estimation workflows rely on tracking-bydetection frameworks for either bottom-up or top-down approaches,requiring retraining to accommodate diverse animal appearances.This study introduces InteBOMB,an integrated workflow that enhances top-down approaches by incorporating generic object tracking,eliminating the need for prior knowledge of target animals while maintaining broad generalizability.InteBOMB includes two key strategies for tracking and segmentation in laboratory environments and two techniques for pose estimation in natural settings.The“background enhancement”strategy optimizesforeground-backgroundcontrastiveloss,generating more discriminative correlation maps.The“online proofreading”strategy stores human-in-the-loop long-term memory and dynamic short-term memory,enabling adaptive updates to object visual features.The“automated labeling suggestion”technique reuses the visual features saved during tracking to identify representative frames for training set labeling.Additionally,the“joint behavior analysis”technique integrates these features with multimodal data,expanding the latent space for behavior classification and clustering.To evaluate the framework,six datasets of mice and six datasets of nonhuman primates were compiled,covering laboratory and natural scenes.Benchmarking results demonstrated a24%improvement in zero-shot generic tracking and a 21%enhancement in joint latent space performance across datasets,highlighting the effectiveness of this approach in robust,generalizable behavior analysis.
基金an outcome of the Network project(Project No.ESC0303)of CSIR,New Delhi,India
文摘Rock mass classification(RMC) is of critical importance in support design and applications to mining,tunneling and other underground excavations. Although a number of techniques are available, there exists an uncertainty in application to complex underground works. In the present work, a generic rock mass rating(GRMR) system is developed. The proposed GRMR system refers to as most commonly used techniques, and two rock load equations are suggested in terms of GRMR, which are based on the fact that whether all the rock parameters considered by the system have an influence or only few of them are influencing. The GRMR method has been validated with the data obtained from three underground coal mines in India. Then, a semi-empirical model is developed for the GRMR method using artificial neural network(ANN), and it is validated by a comparative analysis of ANN model results with that by analytical GRMR method.
基金Beijing Pharmacological Society and Science Foundation of Sichuan Education Department (Grant No. 18ZA0186)。
文摘In the present study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and adherence of Runzhong;(generic drug, Chiatai Tianqing,Nanjing) and Baraclude;(branded drug, Bristol-Myers Squibb) in patients with chronic hepatitis B. We collected patient data from three hospitals within 48 weeks and compared the two groups by using the propensity-score matching method. A total of 4889 patients were enrolled in this study;503 initiated a brand-name drug, and 4386 received a generic drug. There was no significant difference in the rates of CVR(complete virologic response) and VB(virologic breakthrough) between the Runzhong;group and Baraclude;group at 24 and 48 weeks. Similar results for HBeAg loss, medication possession ratio(MPR), and biological response were obtained. Age, gender(HR 0.909(0.842–0.981)), normal baseline ALT rate(HR 0.789(0.731–0.851)), HBeAg-positive rate, and baseline undetectable HBV DNA rate(HR 0.306(0.234–0.399)) were independent factors for achieving CVR.
文摘Attribute-based encryption is drawing more attention with its inherent attractive properties which are potential to be widely used in the newly developing cloud computing. However, one of the main obstacles for its application is how to revoke the attributes of the users, though some ABE schemes have realized revocation, they mostly focused on the user revocation that revokes the user＇s whole attributes, or attribute revocation under the indirect revocation model such that all the users＇ private keys will be affected by the revocation. In this paper, we define the model of CP-ABE supporting the attribute revocation under the direct revocation model, in which the revocation list is embed in the ciphertext and none of the users＇ private keys will be affected by the revocation process. Then we propose a generic construction, and prove its security with the decision q-BDHE assumption.
