Clustered survival data are widely observed in a variety of setting. Most survival models incorporate clustering and grouping of data accounting for between-cluster variability that creates correlation in order to pre...Clustered survival data are widely observed in a variety of setting. Most survival models incorporate clustering and grouping of data accounting for between-cluster variability that creates correlation in order to prevent underestimate of the standard errors of the parameter estimators but do not include random effects. In this study, we developed a mixed-effect parametric proportional hazard (MEPPH) model with a generalized log-logistic distribution baseline. The parameters of the model were estimated by the application of the maximum likelihood estimation technique with an iterative optimization procedure (quasi-Newton Raphson). The developed MEPPH model’s performance was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The Leukemia dataset with right-censored data was used to demonstrate the model’s applicability. The results revealed that all covariates, except age in PH models, were significant in all considered distributions. Age and Townsend score were significant when the GLL distribution was used in MEPPH, while sex, age and Townsend score were significant in MEPPH model when other distributions were used. Based on information criteria values, the Generalized Log-Logistic Mixed-Effects Parametric Proportional Hazard model (GLL-MEPPH) outperformed other models.展开更多
AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:...AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:Totally 716 eyes of 716 patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)with at least 5 reliable 24-2 test results and 2y of follow-up were selected.The functional GEE model was used to detect perimetric progression in the training dataset(501 eyes).In the testing dataset(215 eyes),progression was evaluated the functional GEE model,mean deviation(MD)and visual field index(VFI)rates of change,Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study(AGIS)and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study(CIGTS)scores,and pointwise linear regression(PLR).RESULTS:The proposed method showed the highest proportion of eyes detected as progression(54.4%),followed by the VFI rate(34.4%),PLR(23.3%),and MD rate(21.4%).The CIGTS and AGIS scores had a lower proportion of eyes detected as progression(7.9%and 5.1%,respectively).The time to detection of progression was significantly shorter for the proposed method than that of other algorithms(adjusted P≤0.019).The VFI rate displayed moderate pairwise agreement with the proposed method(k=0.47).CONCLUSION:The functional GEE model shows the highest proportion of eyes detected as perimetric progression and the shortest time to detect perimetric progression in patients with POAG.展开更多
Based on the generalized reduced R-matrix theory,the R-matrix analysis code(RAC program)was used to analyze the experimental data of all the nuclear reaction channels related to the 5 He system.The current calculation...Based on the generalized reduced R-matrix theory,the R-matrix analysis code(RAC program)was used to analyze the experimental data of all the nuclear reaction channels related to the 5 He system.The current calculations provide accurate and reliable evaluation data and are in good agreement with the experimental data.In this study,self-consistent evaluation data for each reaction were obtained using multi-channel and multi-energy fitting.In particular,the error propagation theory of generalized least squares was used to determine the error of the evaluation data and the covariance matrix of the integral cross section.This R-matrix analysis for the 5 He system has three features.First,for the first time,the error in the evaluation data of the T(d,n)^(4)He reaction cross section and the covariance matrix of the integral cross section are provided.Second,we used only one set of R-matrix parameters to depict the reaction cross section of each reaction channel of the 5 He system for the entire energy region in our work.Third,in this evaluation,we considered some of the latest measured experimental data,especially after 2000.The T(d,n)^(4)He reaction cross section at 0.1 MeV and below was carefully studied.The effect of different energy levels in T(d,n)^(4)He was analyzed,with the energy levels 3/2^(+)making a major contribution to the cross section,and the role of the S-wave and P-wave from 3/2~-determines the lean forward trend of the angular distributions at 0.01–0.1 MeV.展开更多
Fractional calculus is widely used to deal with nonconservative dynamics because of its memorability and non-local properties.In this paper,the Herglotz principle with generalized operators is discussed,and the Herglo...Fractional calculus is widely used to deal with nonconservative dynamics because of its memorability and non-local properties.In this paper,the Herglotz principle with generalized operators is discussed,and the Herglotz type equations for nonholonomic systems are established.Then,the Noether symmetries are studied,and the conserved quantities are obtained.The results are extended to nonholonomic canonical systems,and the Herglotz type canonical equations and the Noether theorems are obtained.Two examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the methods and results.展开更多
Given two graphs G and H,the Ramsey number R(G,H)is the smallest positive integer N such that every 2-coloring of the edges of K_(N)contains either a red G or a blue H.Let K_(N-1)■K_(1,k)be the graph obtained from K_...Given two graphs G and H,the Ramsey number R(G,H)is the smallest positive integer N such that every 2-coloring of the edges of K_(N)contains either a red G or a blue H.Let K_(N-1)■K_(1,k)be the graph obtained from K_(N-1)by adding anew vertexνconnecting k vertices of K_(N-1).A graph G withχ(G)=k+1 is called edge-critical if G contains an edge e such thatχ(G-e)=k.A considerable amount of research has been conducted by previous scholars on Ramsey numbers ofgraphs.In this study,we show that for an edge-critical graph G with x(G)=k+1,when k≥2,1≥2,and n is sufficiently large,R(G,K_(1)+nK_(t))=knt+1 and r,(G,K_(1)+nK_(t))=(k-1)nt+1.展开更多
This paper introduced the concept of generalized quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and gave some basic properties.We show that the extension algebra preserves quasidiagonality and finitary in generalized quasi...This paper introduced the concept of generalized quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and gave some basic properties.We show that the extension algebra preserves quasidiagonality and finitary in generalized quasidiagonal extension.We give also an example of generalized quasidiagonal extension,which is not quasidiagonal extension.展开更多
A dominating induced matching(DIM)of G is an induced matching that dominates every edge of G.In this note,we completely determine the number of DIMs in the generalized Petersen graph P(n,k).We prove that if P(n,k)is a...A dominating induced matching(DIM)of G is an induced matching that dominates every edge of G.In this note,we completely determine the number of DIMs in the generalized Petersen graph P(n,k).We prove that if P(n,k)is a generalized Petersen graph with n=0(mod 5)and k=2,3(mod 5),then E(P(n,k))can be partitioned into five DIMs.Meanwhile,in the left cases k=0,1,4(mod 5),we build some counterexamples to show that there exist some P(n,k)'s which are DIM-free.展开更多
The liquid cooling system(LCS)of fuel cells is challenged by significant time delays,model uncertainties,pump and fan coupling,and frequent disturbances,leading to overshoot and control oscillations that degrade tempe...The liquid cooling system(LCS)of fuel cells is challenged by significant time delays,model uncertainties,pump and fan coupling,and frequent disturbances,leading to overshoot and control oscillations that degrade temperature regulation performance.To address these challenges,we propose a composite control scheme combining fuzzy logic and a variable-gain generalized supertwisting algorithm(VG-GSTA).Firstly,a one-dimensional(1D)fuzzy logic controler(FLC)for the pump ensures stable coolant flow,while a two-dimensional(2D)FLC for the fan regulates the stack temperature near the reference value.The VG-GSTA is then introduced to eliminate steady-state errors,offering resistance to disturbances and minimizing control oscillations.The equilibrium optimizer is used to fine-tune VG-GSTA parameters.Co-simulation verifies the effectiveness of our method,demonstrating its advantages in terms of disturbance immunity,overshoot suppression,tracking accuracy and response speed.展开更多
This paper considers compactness of the commutator[b,I_(α)]i(i=1,2),where I_(α)is a bilinear fractional integral operator,and b is a function in generalized Campanato spaces with variable growth condition.The author...This paper considers compactness of the commutator[b,I_(α)]i(i=1,2),where I_(α)is a bilinear fractional integral operator,and b is a function in generalized Campanato spaces with variable growth condition.The author gives sufficient conditions for the compactness of[b,I_(α)],(i=1,2)from the product of generalized Morrey spaces to generalized Morrey spaces.展开更多
Parametric survival models are essential for analyzing time-to-event data in fields such as engineering and biomedicine.While the log-logistic distribution is popular for its simplicity and closed-form expressions,it ...Parametric survival models are essential for analyzing time-to-event data in fields such as engineering and biomedicine.While the log-logistic distribution is popular for its simplicity and closed-form expressions,it often lacks the flexibility needed to capture complex hazard patterns.In this article,we propose a novel extension of the classical log-logistic distribution,termed the new exponential log-logistic(NExLL)distribution,designed to provide enhanced flexibility in modeling time-to-event data with complex failure behaviors.The NExLL model incorporates a new exponential generator to expand the shape adaptability of the baseline log-logistic distribution,allowing it to capture a wide range of hazard rate shapes,including increasing,decreasing,J-shaped,reversed J-shaped,modified bathtub,and unimodal forms.A key feature of the NExLL distribution is its formulation as a mixture of log-logistic densities,offering both symmetric and asymmetric patterns suitable for diverse real-world reliability scenarios.We establish several theoretical properties of the model,including closed-form expressions for its probability density function,cumulative distribution function,moments,hazard rate function,and quantiles.Parameter estimation is performed using seven classical estimation techniques,with extensive Monte Carlo simulations used to evaluate and compare their performance under various conditions.The practical utility and flexibility of the proposed model are illustrated using two real-world datasets from reliability and engineering applications,where the NExLL model demonstrates superior fit and predictive performance compared to existing log-logistic-basedmodels.This contribution advances the toolbox of parametric survivalmodels,offering a robust alternative formodeling complex aging and failure patterns in reliability,engineering,and other applied domains.展开更多
We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functi...We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functions are derived.Furthermore,we introduce two integrable systems known as the generalized UC(GUC)hierarchy and the generalized Btype UC(GBUC)hierarchy satisfied by the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,respectively.Based on infinite sequences of complex numbers,we further establish the multiparameter generalized universal character and the multiparameter generalized B-type universal character,which have been proved to be solutions of the GUC hierarchy and the GBUC hierarchy,respectively.展开更多
With the miniaturization of devices and the development of modern heating technologies,the generalization of heat conduction and thermoelastic coupling has become crucial,effectively emulating the thermodynamic behavi...With the miniaturization of devices and the development of modern heating technologies,the generalization of heat conduction and thermoelastic coupling has become crucial,effectively emulating the thermodynamic behavior of materials in ultrashort time scales.Theoretically,generalized heat conductive models are considered in this work.By analogy with mechanical viscoelastic models,this paper further enriches the heat conduction models and gives their one-dimensional physical expression.Numerically,the transient thermoelastic response of the slim strip material under thermal shock is investigated by applying the proposed models.First,the analytical solution in the Laplace domain is obtained by the Laplace transform.Then,the numerical results of the transient responses are obtained by the numerical inverse Laplace transform.Finally,the transient responses of different models are analyzed and compared,and the effects of material parameters are discussed.This work not only opens up new research perspectives on generalized heat conductive and thermoelastic coupling theories,but also is expected to be beneficial for the deeper understanding of the heat wave theory.展开更多
Let X be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space and C a nonempty closed and convex subset of X.Let Π_(C):X→C denote the generalized metric projection operator introduced by Alber in[1].In this pap...Let X be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space and C a nonempty closed and convex subset of X.Let Π_(C):X→C denote the generalized metric projection operator introduced by Alber in[1].In this paper,we define the Gâteaux directional differentiability of Π_(C).We investigate some properties of the Gâteaux directional differentiability of Π_(C).In particular,if C is a closed ball,or a closed and convex cone(including proper closed subspaces),or a closed and convex cylinder,then,we give the exact representations of the directional derivatives of Π_(C).By comparing the results in[12]and this paper,we see the significant difference between the directional derivatives of the generalized metric projection operator Π_(C) and the Gâteaux directional derivatives of the standard metric projection operator PC.展开更多
This study aims to reveal the prototypical argumentative patterns employed in situations where patient distrust arises in China.Based on the quantitative analysis of data from a general social survey,we focus on a dis...This study aims to reveal the prototypical argumentative patterns employed in situations where patient distrust arises in China.Based on the quantitative analysis of data from a general social survey,we focus on a distinctive phenomenon that while a majority of Chinese respondents trust the medical profession as a whole,significant distrust exists toward doctors'skills and ethics,particularly among older,urban,and higher income populations.Qualtatively,we employ Generalized Argumentation Theory to analyze Chinese clinical dialogues,identifying three kinds of prototypical argumentative patterns in situations of patient distrust.Methodologically,this article shows the value of combining statistical analysis with goal-oriented Generalized Argumentation research to reconcile the tricky trust phenomenon of Chinese doctor-patient communication.展开更多
The stability of solutions of Herglotz-type equations for non-autonomous non-conservative systems is studied by means of generalized gradient method.Firstly,Herglotz-type equations for non-conservative systems are giv...The stability of solutions of Herglotz-type equations for non-autonomous non-conservative systems is studied by means of generalized gradient method.Firstly,Herglotz-type equations for non-conservative systems are given and expressed as contravariant algebraic form.Secondly,two classes of generalized gradient systems are introduced.Thirdly,the conditions for the transformation of Herglotz-type equations into generalized gradient systems are given,and the solutions of Herglotz-type equations and the stability of the solutions are analyzed.Finally,for each case discussed in this paper,the calculation process is demonstrated in detail to show that the method is effective.展开更多
We use the Schrödinger–Newton equation to calculate the regularized self-energy of a particle using a regular self-gravitational and electrostatic potential derived in string T-duality.The particle mass M is no ...We use the Schrödinger–Newton equation to calculate the regularized self-energy of a particle using a regular self-gravitational and electrostatic potential derived in string T-duality.The particle mass M is no longer concentrated into a point but is diluted and described by a quantum-corrected smeared energy density resulting in corrections to the energy of the particle,which is interpreted as a regularized self-energy.We extend our results and find corrections to the relativistic particles using the Klein–Gordon,Proca and Dirac equations.An important finding is that we extract a form of the generalized uncertainty principle(GUP)from the corrected energy.This form of the GUP is shown to depend on the nature of particles;namely,for bosons(spin 0 and spin 1)we obtain a quadratic form of the GUP,while for fermions(spin 1/2)we obtain a linear form.The correlation we find between spin and GUP may offer insights for investigating quantum gravity.展开更多
We introduce a new method to study the asymptotic behavior of solutions on the basis of the continuation theory for k-set contractions.We apply this technique to show the existence of nontrivial decaying solutions to ...We introduce a new method to study the asymptotic behavior of solutions on the basis of the continuation theory for k-set contractions.We apply this technique to show the existence of nontrivial decaying solutions to the sup-linear generalized Emden-Fowler equation and the existence of asymptotically linear solutions to the sub-linear one.展开更多
In 1694,Gregory and Newton proposed the problem to determine the kissing number of a rigid material ball.This problem and its higher dimensional generalization have been studied by many mathematicians,including Minkow...In 1694,Gregory and Newton proposed the problem to determine the kissing number of a rigid material ball.This problem and its higher dimensional generalization have been studied by many mathematicians,including Minkowski,van der Waerden,Hadwiger,Swinnerton-Dyer,Watson,Levenshtein,Odlyzko,Sloane and Musin.In this paper,we introduce and study a further generalization of the kissing numbers for convex bodies and obtain some exact results,in particular for balls in dimensions three,four and eight.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equation:-div(g2(u)▽u)+g(u)g'(u)|▽u|2+u=P(εx)|u|αp-2u,x∈R^(N),where N>3,g:R→R+is a C1 even function,g(0)=1,g'(s)≥0 for all s...In this paper,we investigate the generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equation:-div(g2(u)▽u)+g(u)g'(u)|▽u|2+u=P(εx)|u|αp-2u,x∈R^(N),where N>3,g:R→R+is a C1 even function,g(0)=1,g'(s)≥0 for all s≥0,g(s)=β|s|α-1+O(|s|γ-1)as s→∞for some constantsα∈[1,2],β>0,γ<αand(α-1)g(s)≥g'(s)s for all s≥0,ε>0 is a positive parameter,and p∈(2,2^(*)).We will study the impact of the nonlinearity’s coefficient P(x)on the quantity of positive solutions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cervical spondylosis(CS)frequently co-occurs with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD),presenting a complex clinical challenge.Managing CS-related pain in patients with GAD is particularly challenging because ...BACKGROUND Cervical spondylosis(CS)frequently co-occurs with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD),presenting a complex clinical challenge.Managing CS-related pain in patients with GAD is particularly challenging because of the bidirectional relationship between pain and anxiety,necessitating integrated treatment strategies.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)in treating CS-related pain and anxiety in patients with GAD.METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 83 patients with CS-related pain and GAD who received EA treatment over 2-year period.Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale,and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.Additionally,neuroinflammatory markers,including interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,were examined.Outcomes were evaluated at baseline,after 4 weeks,and after 8 weeks of treatment.RESULTS EA treatment significantly reduced CS-related pain(mean visual analog scale reduction:3.24±1.18;P<0.001)and improved anxiety symptoms(mean Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale reduction:7.83±2.65;P<0.001)after 8 weeks of treatment.Neuroinflammatory markers also showed significant reductions,with interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels decreasing by 32.7%and 28.5%,respectively(P<0.01).Pain reduction was significantly correlated with improvements in anxiety symptoms(r=0.68;P<0.001)and a decrease in inflammatory markers(r=0.54;P<0.01).CONCLUSION EA demonstrates significant efficacy in reducing CS-related pain in patients with comorbid GAD,along with concurrent improvements in anxiety symptoms and neuroinflammatory profiles.These findings suggest that EA may offer a valuable integrative approach for managing this complex clinical presentation,potentially addressing both pain and anxiety through the modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways.展开更多
文摘Clustered survival data are widely observed in a variety of setting. Most survival models incorporate clustering and grouping of data accounting for between-cluster variability that creates correlation in order to prevent underestimate of the standard errors of the parameter estimators but do not include random effects. In this study, we developed a mixed-effect parametric proportional hazard (MEPPH) model with a generalized log-logistic distribution baseline. The parameters of the model were estimated by the application of the maximum likelihood estimation technique with an iterative optimization procedure (quasi-Newton Raphson). The developed MEPPH model’s performance was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The Leukemia dataset with right-censored data was used to demonstrate the model’s applicability. The results revealed that all covariates, except age in PH models, were significant in all considered distributions. Age and Townsend score were significant when the GLL distribution was used in MEPPH, while sex, age and Townsend score were significant in MEPPH model when other distributions were used. Based on information criteria values, the Generalized Log-Logistic Mixed-Effects Parametric Proportional Hazard model (GLL-MEPPH) outperformed other models.
基金Supported by the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(No.HR20C0026)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(No.RS-2023-00247504)the Patient-Centered Clinical Research Coordinating Center,funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(No.HC19C0276).
文摘AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:Totally 716 eyes of 716 patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)with at least 5 reliable 24-2 test results and 2y of follow-up were selected.The functional GEE model was used to detect perimetric progression in the training dataset(501 eyes).In the testing dataset(215 eyes),progression was evaluated the functional GEE model,mean deviation(MD)and visual field index(VFI)rates of change,Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study(AGIS)and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study(CIGTS)scores,and pointwise linear regression(PLR).RESULTS:The proposed method showed the highest proportion of eyes detected as progression(54.4%),followed by the VFI rate(34.4%),PLR(23.3%),and MD rate(21.4%).The CIGTS and AGIS scores had a lower proportion of eyes detected as progression(7.9%and 5.1%,respectively).The time to detection of progression was significantly shorter for the proposed method than that of other algorithms(adjusted P≤0.019).The VFI rate displayed moderate pairwise agreement with the proposed method(k=0.47).CONCLUSION:The functional GEE model shows the highest proportion of eyes detected as perimetric progression and the shortest time to detect perimetric progression in patients with POAG.
基金supported by Science Challenge Project(No.TZ20180001)。
文摘Based on the generalized reduced R-matrix theory,the R-matrix analysis code(RAC program)was used to analyze the experimental data of all the nuclear reaction channels related to the 5 He system.The current calculations provide accurate and reliable evaluation data and are in good agreement with the experimental data.In this study,self-consistent evaluation data for each reaction were obtained using multi-channel and multi-energy fitting.In particular,the error propagation theory of generalized least squares was used to determine the error of the evaluation data and the covariance matrix of the integral cross section.This R-matrix analysis for the 5 He system has three features.First,for the first time,the error in the evaluation data of the T(d,n)^(4)He reaction cross section and the covariance matrix of the integral cross section are provided.Second,we used only one set of R-matrix parameters to depict the reaction cross section of each reaction channel of the 5 He system for the entire energy region in our work.Third,in this evaluation,we considered some of the latest measured experimental data,especially after 2000.The T(d,n)^(4)He reaction cross section at 0.1 MeV and below was carefully studied.The effect of different energy levels in T(d,n)^(4)He was analyzed,with the energy levels 3/2^(+)making a major contribution to the cross section,and the role of the S-wave and P-wave from 3/2~-determines the lean forward trend of the angular distributions at 0.01–0.1 MeV.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12272248)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.KYCX23_3296).
文摘Fractional calculus is widely used to deal with nonconservative dynamics because of its memorability and non-local properties.In this paper,the Herglotz principle with generalized operators is discussed,and the Herglotz type equations for nonholonomic systems are established.Then,the Noether symmetries are studied,and the conserved quantities are obtained.The results are extended to nonholonomic canonical systems,and the Herglotz type canonical equations and the Noether theorems are obtained.Two examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the methods and results.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1010200,2020YFA0713100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12071453)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302902).
文摘Given two graphs G and H,the Ramsey number R(G,H)is the smallest positive integer N such that every 2-coloring of the edges of K_(N)contains either a red G or a blue H.Let K_(N-1)■K_(1,k)be the graph obtained from K_(N-1)by adding anew vertexνconnecting k vertices of K_(N-1).A graph G withχ(G)=k+1 is called edge-critical if G contains an edge e such thatχ(G-e)=k.A considerable amount of research has been conducted by previous scholars on Ramsey numbers ofgraphs.In this study,we show that for an edge-critical graph G with x(G)=k+1,when k≥2,1≥2,and n is sufficiently large,R(G,K_(1)+nK_(t))=knt+1 and r,(G,K_(1)+nK_(t))=(k-1)nt+1.
基金Supported by NSF of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20171421)。
文摘This paper introduced the concept of generalized quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and gave some basic properties.We show that the extension algebra preserves quasidiagonality and finitary in generalized quasidiagonal extension.We give also an example of generalized quasidiagonal extension,which is not quasidiagonal extension.
基金Ming Chen was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFA1013900)。
文摘A dominating induced matching(DIM)of G is an induced matching that dominates every edge of G.In this note,we completely determine the number of DIMs in the generalized Petersen graph P(n,k).We prove that if P(n,k)is a generalized Petersen graph with n=0(mod 5)and k=2,3(mod 5),then E(P(n,k))can be partitioned into five DIMs.Meanwhile,in the left cases k=0,1,4(mod 5),we build some counterexamples to show that there exist some P(n,k)'s which are DIM-free.
基金Supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of Jilin Province(20220301010GX)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation(20240402071GH).
文摘The liquid cooling system(LCS)of fuel cells is challenged by significant time delays,model uncertainties,pump and fan coupling,and frequent disturbances,leading to overshoot and control oscillations that degrade temperature regulation performance.To address these challenges,we propose a composite control scheme combining fuzzy logic and a variable-gain generalized supertwisting algorithm(VG-GSTA).Firstly,a one-dimensional(1D)fuzzy logic controler(FLC)for the pump ensures stable coolant flow,while a two-dimensional(2D)FLC for the fan regulates the stack temperature near the reference value.The VG-GSTA is then introduced to eliminate steady-state errors,offering resistance to disturbances and minimizing control oscillations.The equilibrium optimizer is used to fine-tune VG-GSTA parameters.Co-simulation verifies the effectiveness of our method,demonstrating its advantages in terms of disturbance immunity,overshoot suppression,tracking accuracy and response speed.
基金Supported by the Key Project of the Education Department of Fujian Province(JZ230054)the Sanming University's High-Level Talent Introduction Project(23YG09)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2024J01903)。
文摘This paper considers compactness of the commutator[b,I_(α)]i(i=1,2),where I_(α)is a bilinear fractional integral operator,and b is a function in generalized Campanato spaces with variable growth condition.The author gives sufficient conditions for the compactness of[b,I_(α)],(i=1,2)from the product of generalized Morrey spaces to generalized Morrey spaces.
文摘Parametric survival models are essential for analyzing time-to-event data in fields such as engineering and biomedicine.While the log-logistic distribution is popular for its simplicity and closed-form expressions,it often lacks the flexibility needed to capture complex hazard patterns.In this article,we propose a novel extension of the classical log-logistic distribution,termed the new exponential log-logistic(NExLL)distribution,designed to provide enhanced flexibility in modeling time-to-event data with complex failure behaviors.The NExLL model incorporates a new exponential generator to expand the shape adaptability of the baseline log-logistic distribution,allowing it to capture a wide range of hazard rate shapes,including increasing,decreasing,J-shaped,reversed J-shaped,modified bathtub,and unimodal forms.A key feature of the NExLL distribution is its formulation as a mixture of log-logistic densities,offering both symmetric and asymmetric patterns suitable for diverse real-world reliability scenarios.We establish several theoretical properties of the model,including closed-form expressions for its probability density function,cumulative distribution function,moments,hazard rate function,and quantiles.Parameter estimation is performed using seven classical estimation techniques,with extensive Monte Carlo simulations used to evaluate and compare their performance under various conditions.The practical utility and flexibility of the proposed model are illustrated using two real-world datasets from reliability and engineering applications,where the NExLL model demonstrates superior fit and predictive performance compared to existing log-logistic-basedmodels.This contribution advances the toolbox of parametric survivalmodels,offering a robust alternative formodeling complex aging and failure patterns in reliability,engineering,and other applied domains.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12461048 and 12061051)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.2023MS01003)+2 种基金the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.NJYT23096)the financial support from the Program of China Scholarships Council(Grant No.202306810054)for one year study at the University of Leedsthe support of Professor Ke Wu and Professor Weizhong Zhao at Capital Normal University,China。
文摘We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functions are derived.Furthermore,we introduce two integrable systems known as the generalized UC(GUC)hierarchy and the generalized Btype UC(GBUC)hierarchy satisfied by the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,respectively.Based on infinite sequences of complex numbers,we further establish the multiparameter generalized universal character and the multiparameter generalized B-type universal character,which have been proved to be solutions of the GUC hierarchy and the GBUC hierarchy,respectively.
基金Project supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(No.2023A1515012809)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China(No.2023-JC-YB-073)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.D5000230066)。
文摘With the miniaturization of devices and the development of modern heating technologies,the generalization of heat conduction and thermoelastic coupling has become crucial,effectively emulating the thermodynamic behavior of materials in ultrashort time scales.Theoretically,generalized heat conductive models are considered in this work.By analogy with mechanical viscoelastic models,this paper further enriches the heat conduction models and gives their one-dimensional physical expression.Numerically,the transient thermoelastic response of the slim strip material under thermal shock is investigated by applying the proposed models.First,the analytical solution in the Laplace domain is obtained by the Laplace transform.Then,the numerical results of the transient responses are obtained by the numerical inverse Laplace transform.Finally,the transient responses of different models are analyzed and compared,and the effects of material parameters are discussed.This work not only opens up new research perspectives on generalized heat conductive and thermoelastic coupling theories,but also is expected to be beneficial for the deeper understanding of the heat wave theory.
文摘Let X be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space and C a nonempty closed and convex subset of X.Let Π_(C):X→C denote the generalized metric projection operator introduced by Alber in[1].In this paper,we define the Gâteaux directional differentiability of Π_(C).We investigate some properties of the Gâteaux directional differentiability of Π_(C).In particular,if C is a closed ball,or a closed and convex cone(including proper closed subspaces),or a closed and convex cylinder,then,we give the exact representations of the directional derivatives of Π_(C).By comparing the results in[12]and this paper,we see the significant difference between the directional derivatives of the generalized metric projection operator Π_(C) and the Gâteaux directional derivatives of the standard metric projection operator PC.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese MOE Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities(22JJD720022)the Central Universities of Jinan University(Grant No.23JNQMX55).
文摘This study aims to reveal the prototypical argumentative patterns employed in situations where patient distrust arises in China.Based on the quantitative analysis of data from a general social survey,we focus on a distinctive phenomenon that while a majority of Chinese respondents trust the medical profession as a whole,significant distrust exists toward doctors'skills and ethics,particularly among older,urban,and higher income populations.Qualtatively,we employ Generalized Argumentation Theory to analyze Chinese clinical dialogues,identifying three kinds of prototypical argumentative patterns in situations of patient distrust.Methodologically,this article shows the value of combining statistical analysis with goal-oriented Generalized Argumentation research to reconcile the tricky trust phenomenon of Chinese doctor-patient communication.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272248)。
文摘The stability of solutions of Herglotz-type equations for non-autonomous non-conservative systems is studied by means of generalized gradient method.Firstly,Herglotz-type equations for non-conservative systems are given and expressed as contravariant algebraic form.Secondly,two classes of generalized gradient systems are introduced.Thirdly,the conditions for the transformation of Herglotz-type equations into generalized gradient systems are given,and the solutions of Herglotz-type equations and the stability of the solutions are analyzed.Finally,for each case discussed in this paper,the calculation process is demonstrated in detail to show that the method is effective.
文摘We use the Schrödinger–Newton equation to calculate the regularized self-energy of a particle using a regular self-gravitational and electrostatic potential derived in string T-duality.The particle mass M is no longer concentrated into a point but is diluted and described by a quantum-corrected smeared energy density resulting in corrections to the energy of the particle,which is interpreted as a regularized self-energy.We extend our results and find corrections to the relativistic particles using the Klein–Gordon,Proca and Dirac equations.An important finding is that we extract a form of the generalized uncertainty principle(GUP)from the corrected energy.This form of the GUP is shown to depend on the nature of particles;namely,for bosons(spin 0 and spin 1)we obtain a quadratic form of the GUP,while for fermions(spin 1/2)we obtain a linear form.The correlation we find between spin and GUP may offer insights for investigating quantum gravity.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12001397,12171039)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(Grant No.2022KJ204).
文摘We introduce a new method to study the asymptotic behavior of solutions on the basis of the continuation theory for k-set contractions.We apply this technique to show the existence of nontrivial decaying solutions to the sup-linear generalized Emden-Fowler equation and the existence of asymptotically linear solutions to the sub-linear one.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12226006,11921001)the Natural Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0704701).
文摘In 1694,Gregory and Newton proposed the problem to determine the kissing number of a rigid material ball.This problem and its higher dimensional generalization have been studied by many mathematicians,including Minkowski,van der Waerden,Hadwiger,Swinnerton-Dyer,Watson,Levenshtein,Odlyzko,Sloane and Musin.In this paper,we introduce and study a further generalization of the kissing numbers for convex bodies and obtain some exact results,in particular for balls in dimensions three,four and eight.
基金supported by the NSFC(12161007)the Guangxi Natural Science(2023GXNSFAA026190)+1 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12301145,12261107)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202301AU070144,202401AU070123)。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equation:-div(g2(u)▽u)+g(u)g'(u)|▽u|2+u=P(εx)|u|αp-2u,x∈R^(N),where N>3,g:R→R+is a C1 even function,g(0)=1,g'(s)≥0 for all s≥0,g(s)=β|s|α-1+O(|s|γ-1)as s→∞for some constantsα∈[1,2],β>0,γ<αand(α-1)g(s)≥g'(s)s for all s≥0,ε>0 is a positive parameter,and p∈(2,2^(*)).We will study the impact of the nonlinearity’s coefficient P(x)on the quantity of positive solutions.
文摘BACKGROUND Cervical spondylosis(CS)frequently co-occurs with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD),presenting a complex clinical challenge.Managing CS-related pain in patients with GAD is particularly challenging because of the bidirectional relationship between pain and anxiety,necessitating integrated treatment strategies.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)in treating CS-related pain and anxiety in patients with GAD.METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 83 patients with CS-related pain and GAD who received EA treatment over 2-year period.Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale,and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.Additionally,neuroinflammatory markers,including interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,were examined.Outcomes were evaluated at baseline,after 4 weeks,and after 8 weeks of treatment.RESULTS EA treatment significantly reduced CS-related pain(mean visual analog scale reduction:3.24±1.18;P<0.001)and improved anxiety symptoms(mean Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale reduction:7.83±2.65;P<0.001)after 8 weeks of treatment.Neuroinflammatory markers also showed significant reductions,with interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels decreasing by 32.7%and 28.5%,respectively(P<0.01).Pain reduction was significantly correlated with improvements in anxiety symptoms(r=0.68;P<0.001)and a decrease in inflammatory markers(r=0.54;P<0.01).CONCLUSION EA demonstrates significant efficacy in reducing CS-related pain in patients with comorbid GAD,along with concurrent improvements in anxiety symptoms and neuroinflammatory profiles.These findings suggest that EA may offer a valuable integrative approach for managing this complex clinical presentation,potentially addressing both pain and anxiety through the modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways.
