The Global Leaders’Meeting on Women was held in Beijing,the capital of China,on 13-14 October.South African Minister in the Presidency for Women,Youth and Persons with Disabilities Sindisiwe Chikunga,attended the eve...The Global Leaders’Meeting on Women was held in Beijing,the capital of China,on 13-14 October.South African Minister in the Presidency for Women,Youth and Persons with Disabilities Sindisiwe Chikunga,attended the event.ChinAfrica spoke with her in an exclusive interview about the messages she brought to the meeting,South Africa’s progress in women’s empowerment,how the G20 presidency can contribute to this cause,and China’s role.An edited excerpt of the interview follows.展开更多
Over the past decades,life expectancy in Hong Kong has been increasing steadily.However,the gender gap in life expectancy has experienced a comparatively high level of plateauing state.Based on data from the Human Mor...Over the past decades,life expectancy in Hong Kong has been increasing steadily.However,the gender gap in life expectancy has experienced a comparatively high level of plateauing state.Based on data from the Human Mortality Database and the official statistics,an age-and cause-decomposition method was used to analyze contributions of main age groups and major causes of death to the gender gap over the period 1986-2016.The results showed that a female-advantage in the mortality among those aged 25 years and above was mainly responsible for the male-female gap in life expectancy in Hong Kong.In consideration of major causes of death,lower female mortality from non-communicable diseases,particularly malignant neoplasms,and pneumonia at older age groups,was the major contributor to the female-favored life expectancy.Public efforts to reduce excess mortality rates from non-communicable diseases and pneumonia among older male population may help narrow the gender gap in life expectancy in Hong Kong.展开更多
Aim:Despite the significant increase in the proportion of graduating female physicians in recent decades,gender representation in surgical training remains imbalanced.The initial rise in female interest in plastic sur...Aim:Despite the significant increase in the proportion of graduating female physicians in recent decades,gender representation in surgical training remains imbalanced.The initial rise in female interest in plastic surgery has reached a plateau.Gender bias,affecting women’s confidence and opportunities,negatively impacts training and career prospects.This study aims to quantify and analyze disparities in surgical training opportunities,workplace treatment,and career advancement among male and female plastic surgery residents in Italy.Methods:Our study involved all Italian plastic surgery residents contacted between February and March 2024.A 21-item survey assessed professional,surgical,and personal aspects,focusing on gender gap differences.Responses were expressed in percentages and compared utilizing the Fisher Exact test.Results:A total of 551 surveys were distributed to Italian plastic surgery residents,with 46 responses each among women and men.Gender disparities persisted in workplace treatment,with more women reporting discrimination.Significant differences were identified in treatment inequality by hospital personnel and patients,the occurrence of inappropriate comments in the workplace,inquiries regarding work-life balance and career advancement opportunities,an augmented gender gap in surgical vs.clinical programs,and the perception of a negative impact of gender on surgical training.Conclusion:In conclusion,our study emphasizes the pervasive gender inequality in plastic surgery training,urging action against systemic biases hindering female surgeons’progress.Gender equity efforts should combat discrimination,promote work-life balance,and foster inclusive training environments.Addressing these issues can create a field that empowers all surgeons to thrive.展开更多
This study investigates gender income disparity in Portuguese firms using separate Tobit models for men and women. While job segregation seems to be one of the major sources of gender disparity, women do not appear to...This study investigates gender income disparity in Portuguese firms using separate Tobit models for men and women. While job segregation seems to be one of the major sources of gender disparity, women do not appear to be systematically underpaid in predominantly female occupations, regardless of the industry. The authors found that gender pay gap is larger in domestic firms, and it increases with employees＇ accumulated tenure and decreases with advanced education for women and on labor market entry. Despite showing some encouraging cracks, the glass ceiling still continues to prevent women from reaching top management positions. Finally, despite it appears wage disparity does exist, and it will probably continue to exist, the results point towards a window of opportunity for women.展开更多
This paper explores the research behind the wage gap between men and women, the reasons for and extent of the gap, and strategies for dealing with gender pay discrepancies. Historically, gender discrimination was the ...This paper explores the research behind the wage gap between men and women, the reasons for and extent of the gap, and strategies for dealing with gender pay discrepancies. Historically, gender discrimination was the traditional and easy explanation for pay discrepancies, but more aggressive enforcement of equal pay legislations has virtually diminished the validity of rationalizing the existence of pay differences solely on gender. Statistical data surrounding the pay gap point to other factors as more causal instruments that sustain and perpetuate the gap in spite of more than forty years of enforcement of equal pay legislations. The choices we make seem to predict and explain current wage gaps better than blatant gender discrimination does, and policies directed at improving those choices appear to be better strategic tools in closing the wage gap.展开更多
利用CFPS(China family panel studies,中国家庭追踪调查)的混合截面数据,采用熵值法测度跨境电商发展水平,分析跨境电商发展对性别收入差距的影响及其内在作用机制。研究发现,跨境电商主要通过两个渠道显著缩小性别收入差距:一是就业效...利用CFPS(China family panel studies,中国家庭追踪调查)的混合截面数据,采用熵值法测度跨境电商发展水平,分析跨境电商发展对性别收入差距的影响及其内在作用机制。研究发现,跨境电商主要通过两个渠道显著缩小性别收入差距:一是就业效应,即提供女性就业机会;二是晋升效应,即拓展女性职业发展空间。异质性分析进一步表明,跨境电商的收入平等化效应在低技能劳动力群体中表现尤为突出,但在不同婚姻状况群体中未呈现显著差异。基于此,提出推动跨境电商包容性发展、完善有利于女性发展的跨境电商制度与政策环境等建议。展开更多
The research consistently highlights the gender disparity in cybersecurity leadership roles, necessitating targeted interventions. Biased recruitment practices, limited STEM education opportunities for girls, and work...The research consistently highlights the gender disparity in cybersecurity leadership roles, necessitating targeted interventions. Biased recruitment practices, limited STEM education opportunities for girls, and workplace culture contribute to this gap. Proposed solutions include addressing biased recruitment through gender-neutral language and blind processes, promoting STEM education for girls to increase qualified female candidates, and fostering inclusive workplace cultures with mentorship and sponsorship programs. Gender parity is crucial for the industry’s success, as embracing diversity enables the cybersecurity sector to leverage various perspectives, drive innovation, and effectively combat cyber threats. Achieving this balance is not just about fairness but also a strategic imperative. By embracing concerted efforts towards gender parity, we can create a more resilient and impactful cybersecurity landscape, benefiting industry and society.展开更多
文摘The Global Leaders’Meeting on Women was held in Beijing,the capital of China,on 13-14 October.South African Minister in the Presidency for Women,Youth and Persons with Disabilities Sindisiwe Chikunga,attended the event.ChinAfrica spoke with her in an exclusive interview about the messages she brought to the meeting,South Africa’s progress in women’s empowerment,how the G20 presidency can contribute to this cause,and China’s role.An edited excerpt of the interview follows.
基金Humanities and social sciences prestigious award:Grant number(106200308).
文摘Over the past decades,life expectancy in Hong Kong has been increasing steadily.However,the gender gap in life expectancy has experienced a comparatively high level of plateauing state.Based on data from the Human Mortality Database and the official statistics,an age-and cause-decomposition method was used to analyze contributions of main age groups and major causes of death to the gender gap over the period 1986-2016.The results showed that a female-advantage in the mortality among those aged 25 years and above was mainly responsible for the male-female gap in life expectancy in Hong Kong.In consideration of major causes of death,lower female mortality from non-communicable diseases,particularly malignant neoplasms,and pneumonia at older age groups,was the major contributor to the female-favored life expectancy.Public efforts to reduce excess mortality rates from non-communicable diseases and pneumonia among older male population may help narrow the gender gap in life expectancy in Hong Kong.
文摘Aim:Despite the significant increase in the proportion of graduating female physicians in recent decades,gender representation in surgical training remains imbalanced.The initial rise in female interest in plastic surgery has reached a plateau.Gender bias,affecting women’s confidence and opportunities,negatively impacts training and career prospects.This study aims to quantify and analyze disparities in surgical training opportunities,workplace treatment,and career advancement among male and female plastic surgery residents in Italy.Methods:Our study involved all Italian plastic surgery residents contacted between February and March 2024.A 21-item survey assessed professional,surgical,and personal aspects,focusing on gender gap differences.Responses were expressed in percentages and compared utilizing the Fisher Exact test.Results:A total of 551 surveys were distributed to Italian plastic surgery residents,with 46 responses each among women and men.Gender disparities persisted in workplace treatment,with more women reporting discrimination.Significant differences were identified in treatment inequality by hospital personnel and patients,the occurrence of inappropriate comments in the workplace,inquiries regarding work-life balance and career advancement opportunities,an augmented gender gap in surgical vs.clinical programs,and the perception of a negative impact of gender on surgical training.Conclusion:In conclusion,our study emphasizes the pervasive gender inequality in plastic surgery training,urging action against systemic biases hindering female surgeons’progress.Gender equity efforts should combat discrimination,promote work-life balance,and foster inclusive training environments.Addressing these issues can create a field that empowers all surgeons to thrive.
文摘This study investigates gender income disparity in Portuguese firms using separate Tobit models for men and women. While job segregation seems to be one of the major sources of gender disparity, women do not appear to be systematically underpaid in predominantly female occupations, regardless of the industry. The authors found that gender pay gap is larger in domestic firms, and it increases with employees＇ accumulated tenure and decreases with advanced education for women and on labor market entry. Despite showing some encouraging cracks, the glass ceiling still continues to prevent women from reaching top management positions. Finally, despite it appears wage disparity does exist, and it will probably continue to exist, the results point towards a window of opportunity for women.
文摘This paper explores the research behind the wage gap between men and women, the reasons for and extent of the gap, and strategies for dealing with gender pay discrepancies. Historically, gender discrimination was the traditional and easy explanation for pay discrepancies, but more aggressive enforcement of equal pay legislations has virtually diminished the validity of rationalizing the existence of pay differences solely on gender. Statistical data surrounding the pay gap point to other factors as more causal instruments that sustain and perpetuate the gap in spite of more than forty years of enforcement of equal pay legislations. The choices we make seem to predict and explain current wage gaps better than blatant gender discrimination does, and policies directed at improving those choices appear to be better strategic tools in closing the wage gap.
文摘利用CFPS(China family panel studies,中国家庭追踪调查)的混合截面数据,采用熵值法测度跨境电商发展水平,分析跨境电商发展对性别收入差距的影响及其内在作用机制。研究发现,跨境电商主要通过两个渠道显著缩小性别收入差距:一是就业效应,即提供女性就业机会;二是晋升效应,即拓展女性职业发展空间。异质性分析进一步表明,跨境电商的收入平等化效应在低技能劳动力群体中表现尤为突出,但在不同婚姻状况群体中未呈现显著差异。基于此,提出推动跨境电商包容性发展、完善有利于女性发展的跨境电商制度与政策环境等建议。
文摘The research consistently highlights the gender disparity in cybersecurity leadership roles, necessitating targeted interventions. Biased recruitment practices, limited STEM education opportunities for girls, and workplace culture contribute to this gap. Proposed solutions include addressing biased recruitment through gender-neutral language and blind processes, promoting STEM education for girls to increase qualified female candidates, and fostering inclusive workplace cultures with mentorship and sponsorship programs. Gender parity is crucial for the industry’s success, as embracing diversity enables the cybersecurity sector to leverage various perspectives, drive innovation, and effectively combat cyber threats. Achieving this balance is not just about fairness but also a strategic imperative. By embracing concerted efforts towards gender parity, we can create a more resilient and impactful cybersecurity landscape, benefiting industry and society.
