An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a ne...An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a neural network is used to construct an emulator of the actual drilling and hydraulic fracturing process in the vector space(i.e.,virtual environment);:the Sharpley value method in inter-pretable machine learning is applied to analyzing the impact of geological and operational parameters in each well(i.e.,single well feature impact analysis):and ensemble randomized maximum likelihood(EnRML)is conducted to optimize the operational parameters to comprehensively improve the efficiency of shale gas development and reduce the average cost.In the experiment,InterOpt provides different drilling and fracturing plans for each well according to its specific geological conditions,and finally achieves an average cost reduction of 9.7%for a case study with 104 wells.展开更多
This work proposes an optimization method for gas storage operation parameters under multi-factor coupled constraints to improve the peak-shaving capacity of gas storage reservoirs while ensuring operational safety.Pr...This work proposes an optimization method for gas storage operation parameters under multi-factor coupled constraints to improve the peak-shaving capacity of gas storage reservoirs while ensuring operational safety.Previous research primarily focused on integrating reservoir,wellbore,and surface facility constraints,often resulting in broad constraint ranges and slow model convergence.To solve this problem,the present study introduces additional constraints on maximum withdrawal rates by combining binomial deliverability equations with material balance equations for closed gas reservoirs,while considering extreme peak-shaving demands.This approach effectively narrows the constraint range.Subsequently,a collaborative optimization model with maximum gas production as the objective function is established,and the model employs a joint solution strategy combining genetic algorithms and numerical simulation techniques.Finally,this methodology was applied to optimize operational parameters for Gas Storage T.The results demonstrate:(1)The convergence of the model was achieved after 6 iterations,which significantly improved the convergence speed of the model;(2)The maximum working gas volume reached 11.605×10^(8) m^(3),which increased by 13.78%compared with the traditional optimization method;(3)This method greatly improves the operation safety and the ultimate peak load balancing capability.The research provides important technical support for the intelligent decision of injection and production parameters of gas storage and improving peak load balancing ability.展开更多
Membrane technology has found wide applications in the petrochemical industry, mainly in the purification and recovery of the hydrogen resources. Accurate prediction of the membrane separation performance plays an imp...Membrane technology has found wide applications in the petrochemical industry, mainly in the purification and recovery of the hydrogen resources. Accurate prediction of the membrane separation performance plays an important role in carrying out advanced process control （APC）. For the first time, a soft-sensor model for the membrane separation process has been established based on the radial basis function （RBF） neural networks. The main performance parameters, i.e, permeate hydrogen concentration, permeate gas flux, and residue hydrogen concentration, are estimated quantitatively by measuring the operating temperature, feed-side pressure, permeate-side pressure, residue-side pressure, feed-gas flux, and feed-hydrogen concentration excluding flow structure, membrane parameters, and other compositions. The predicted results can gain the desired effects. The effectiveness of this novel approach lays a foundation for integrating control technology and optimizing the operation of the gas membrane separation process.展开更多
In past decades dynamic programming, genetic algorithms, ant colony optimization algorithms and some gradient algorithms have been applied to power optimization of gas pipelines. In this paper a power optimization mod...In past decades dynamic programming, genetic algorithms, ant colony optimization algorithms and some gradient algorithms have been applied to power optimization of gas pipelines. In this paper a power optimization model for gas pipelines is developed and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied. Based on the testing of the parameters involved in the algorithm which need to be defined artificially, the values of these parameters have been recommended which can make the algorithm reach efficiently the approximate optimum solution with required accuracy. Some examples have shown that the relative error of the particle swarm optimization over ant colony optimization and dynamic programming is less than 1% and the computation time is much less than that of ant colony optimization and dynamic programming.展开更多
Coal bed methane （CBM） has a huge potential to be purified to relieve the shortage of natural gas meanwhile to weaken the greenhouse effect. This paper proposed an optimal design strategy for CBM to obtain an integr...Coal bed methane （CBM） has a huge potential to be purified to relieve the shortage of natural gas meanwhile to weaken the greenhouse effect. This paper proposed an optimal design strategy for CBM to obtain an integrated process configuration consisting of three each single separation units, membrane, pressure swing absorption, and cryogenics. A superstructure model was established including all possible network configurations which were solved by MINLP. The design strategy optimized the separation unit configuration and operating conditions to satisfy the target of minimum total annual process cost. An example was presented for the separation of CH4/N2 mixtures in coal bed methane （CBM） treatment. The key operation parameters were also studied and they showed the influence to process configurations.展开更多
In order to comply with discharge standards, a gas–solid separator is used to remove solid particles from the thorium molten salt reactor-solid fuel (TMSR-SF) system. As a key component, it directly determines system...In order to comply with discharge standards, a gas–solid separator is used to remove solid particles from the thorium molten salt reactor-solid fuel (TMSR-SF) system. As a key component, it directly determines system energy efficiency. However, current gas–solid separators, based on activated carbon adsorption technology, result in high pressure drops and increased maintenance costs. In the present study, a new combined gas–solid separator was developed for the TMSR-SF. Based on a simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, the gas–solid twophase flow and the motion trajectory of solid particles were simulated for this new separator using commercial ANSYS 16.0 software. The flow and separation mechanism for this structure were also been discussed in terms of their velocity effects and pressure field distributions, and then the structure was optimized based on the influence of key structural parameters on pressure and separation efficiency. The results showed that the standard k–ε model could be achieved and accurately simulated the new combined separator. In this new combined gas–solid separator, coarse particles are separated in the first stage using rotating centrifugal motion, and then fine particles are filtered in the second stage, giving a separation efficiency of up to 96.11%. The optimum blade inclination angle and numbers were calculated to be 45° and four, respectively. It implicated that the combined separator could be of great significance in a wide variety of applications.展开更多
Evolutionary algorithm is applied for distillation separation sequence optimization synthesis problems with combination explosion. The binary tree data structure is used to describe the distillation separation sequenc...Evolutionary algorithm is applied for distillation separation sequence optimization synthesis problems with combination explosion. The binary tree data structure is used to describe the distillation separation sequence, and it is directly applied as the coding method. Genetic operators, which ensure to prohibit illegal filial generations completely, are designed by using the method of graph theory. The crossover operator based on a single parent or two parents is designed successfully. The example shows that the average ratio of search space from evolutionary algorithm with two-parent genetic operation is lower, whereas the rate of successful minimizations from evolutionary algorithm with single parent genetic operation is higher.展开更多
Circulating fluidized bed flue gas desulfurization(CFB-FGD) process has been widely applied in recent years. However, high cost caused by the use of high-quality slaked lime and difficult operation due to the complex ...Circulating fluidized bed flue gas desulfurization(CFB-FGD) process has been widely applied in recent years. However, high cost caused by the use of high-quality slaked lime and difficult operation due to the complex flow field are two issues which have received great attention. Accordingly, a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor was constructed to investigate the effects of physical properties and external conditions on desulfurization performance of slaked lime, and the conclusions were tried out in an industrial-scale CFB-FGD tower. After that, a numerical model of the tower was established based on computational particle fluid dynamics(CPFD) and two-film theory. After comparison and validation with actual operation data, the effects of operating parameters on gas-solid distribution and desulfurization characteristics were investigated. The results of experiments and industrial trials showed that the use of slaked lime with a calcium hydroxide content of approximately 80% and particle size greater than 40 μm could significantly reduce the cost of desulfurizer. Simulation results showed that the flow field in the desulfurization tower was skewed under the influence of circulating ash. We obtained optimal operating conditions of 7.5 kg·s^(-1)for the atomized water flow, 70 kg·s^(-1)for circulating ash flow, and 0.56 kg·s^(-1)for slaked lime flow, with desulfurization efficiency reaching 98.19% and the exit flue gas meeting the ultraclean emission and safety requirements. All parameters selected in the simulation were based on engineering examples and had certain application reference significance.展开更多
The ability to predict the behaviour of a gas turbine engine and optimize its performance is critical in eco-nomic, thermal and condition monitoring studies. Having identified fouling as one of the major sources of co...The ability to predict the behaviour of a gas turbine engine and optimize its performance is critical in eco-nomic, thermal and condition monitoring studies. Having identified fouling as one of the major sources of compressor and therefore gas turbine deterioration, a computer-based engine model was developed to optimize the performance of gas turbines. The paper thus presents an analysis of compressor hand cleaning, on and offline compressor washing to actualize the technique using a computer program in Visual Basic programming language with data collected over a period of fifteen weeks for 2 gas turbine plants GT1 and GT2. The results of the data collected, when collated, shows that after washing, the overall operational efficiency changed from 39.2% to 46.25%. To optimize the performance of gas turbine engines, it is therefore recommended that operators should perform a combination of compressor hand cleaning, offline and online washing simultaneously.展开更多
The multi-stage development strategy is often adopted in the gas field.However,when the productivity decline occurs,many large processing stations will be severely idle and underutilized,significantly reducing operati...The multi-stage development strategy is often adopted in the gas field.However,when the productivity decline occurs,many large processing stations will be severely idle and underutilized,significantly reducing operating efficiency and revenue.This study proposes a novel operation mode of multiple gathering production systems for gas field multi-stage development,integrating the decisions about processing capacity allocation and infrastructure construction to share processing stations and improve multi-system operating efficiency.A multi-period mixed integer linear programming model for multisystem operation optimization is established to optimize the net present value(NPV),considering the production of gas wells,time-varying gas prices,and the capacity of processing stations.The decision of processing capacity,location,construction timing,and capacity expansion of processing stations,as well as transmission capacity of pipelines and processing capacity allocation schemes,can be obtained to meet long-term production demand.Furthermore,a real case study indicates that the proposed processing capacity allocation approach not only has a shorter payback period and increases NPV by 4.8%,but also increases the utilization efficiency of processing stations from 27.37% to 48.94%.This work demonstrates that the synergy between the processing capacity allocation and infrastructure construction can hedge against production fluctuations and increase potential profits.展开更多
The liquid phase catalytic exchange(LPCE) reaction is an effective process for heavy water detritiation and production of deuterium-depleted potable water. In the current study, hydrophobic carbon-supported platinum c...The liquid phase catalytic exchange(LPCE) reaction is an effective process for heavy water detritiation and production of deuterium-depleted potable water. In the current study, hydrophobic carbon-supported platinum catalysts(Pt/C/PTFE) with high efficiency as reported previously for LPCE were prepared and comprehensive performance evaluation method is applied to evaluate the separation behaviors of LPCE systematically. Experimental results indicate that the optimum reaction temperature of 60–80℃ and the molar feed ratio G/L of 1.5–2.5 would lead to higher separation efficiencies. As to the packing method, a random packing mode with a packing ratio of hydrophobic catalysts 0.25 is recommended. In addition, thermodynamic analysis corresponds well with experimental results under lower temperature and G/L, while the suppression of kinetic factors should not be neglected when T > 80℃ and G/L > 1.5.展开更多
Oil production could be increased by using optimization techniques in each stage of oil production system from field to production unit.However,the maximum profit will be obtained once integrated optimization of surfa...Oil production could be increased by using optimization techniques in each stage of oil production system from field to production unit.However,the maximum profit will be obtained once integrated optimization of surface and subsurface components of the oil production system is implemented.In addition,when using high-tech equipment and facilities,an integrated study of well and surface facilities affects the economic benefits significantly.In this work,one of the Iranian brown fields(mature or declining production fields)was studied to find the best renovation plan with maximum profits.The base scenario was designed with four stages of separation,and the high-pressure gases from the first and the second separator were planned to be sold,while the low-pressure gases from subsequent stages were supposed to be flared.In this paper,two additional scenarios,namely separator optimization and full optimization,were proposed and 12 cases were defined.In the full optimization scenario,low-pressure gases were prevented from being flared.It was observed that by stopping the flaring systems,gas production rate increases as high as 20%and 150 to 200 MW power will be generated in all cases during the next 20 years.Finally,economic evaluation for all of the cases was done and different cases were compared in terms of incremental annual worth and payback period.展开更多
Top gas recycling oxygen blast furnace（TGR-OBF）process is a promising ironmaking process.The biggest challenge of the TGR-OBF in operation is the dramatic decrease of top gas volume（per ton hot metal）,which once l...Top gas recycling oxygen blast furnace（TGR-OBF）process is a promising ironmaking process.The biggest challenge of the TGR-OBF in operation is the dramatic decrease of top gas volume（per ton hot metal）,which once led to hanging-up and shutdowns in practice of the Toulachermet.In order to avoid this weakness,the strategy of medium oxygen blast furnace was presented.The maneuverable zone of the TGR-OBF was determined by the top gas volume,which should not be far from the data of the traditional blast furnace.The deviation of ±12.5% was used,and then the maneuverable blast oxygen content is from 0.30 to 0.47 according to the calculation.The flame temperature and the top gas volume have no much difference compared to those of the traditional blast furnace.The minimum carbon consumption of 357 kg per ton hot metal in the maneuverable zone occurs at the oxygen content of 0.30（fuel saving of 14%）.In the unsteady evolution,the N2 accumulation could approach nearly zero after the recycling reached 6 times.Thus far,some TGR-OBF industrial trials have been carried out in different countries,but the method of medium oxygen enriched TGR-OBF has not been implemented,because the accumulation of N2 was worried about.The presented strategy of medium oxygen enriched TGR-OBF is applicable and the strategy with good operational performance is strongly suggested as a forerunner of the full oxygen blast furnace.展开更多
An oil and gas pipeline monitoring platform uses internet of things(IoT)to ensure safe operation in remote and unattended areas,through automatic monitoring and systematic control on equipment such as the cut-off valv...An oil and gas pipeline monitoring platform uses internet of things(IoT)to ensure safe operation in remote and unattended areas,through automatic monitoring and systematic control on equipment such as the cut-off valves and cathodic protection systems.The continuity and stability of power supplies for various equipment of an oil and gas pipeline IoT monitoring platform is crucial.There is no single universal off-grid power supply method that is optimal for an oil and gas pipeline IoT monitoring platform in all different contexts.Therefore,it is necessary to select a suitable one according to the specific geographical location and meteorological conditions.This paper proposes an off-grid power supply system comprised of a reversible solid oxide fuel cell(RESOC),photovoltaic(PV)and battery.Minimum operating costs and the reliability of system operations under constraint conditions are the key determining objectives.A“PV+battery+RESOC”system operational optimization model is established.Based on the model,three types of off-grid power supply schemes are proposed,and three geographical locations with different meteorological conditions are selected as practical application scenarios.The Matlab Cplex solver is used to solve the different power supply modes of the three regions.And finally,the power supply scheme with the best reliability and economy under different geographical environments and meteorological conditions is obtained.展开更多
文摘An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a neural network is used to construct an emulator of the actual drilling and hydraulic fracturing process in the vector space(i.e.,virtual environment);:the Sharpley value method in inter-pretable machine learning is applied to analyzing the impact of geological and operational parameters in each well(i.e.,single well feature impact analysis):and ensemble randomized maximum likelihood(EnRML)is conducted to optimize the operational parameters to comprehensively improve the efficiency of shale gas development and reduce the average cost.In the experiment,InterOpt provides different drilling and fracturing plans for each well according to its specific geological conditions,and finally achieves an average cost reduction of 9.7%for a case study with 104 wells.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202401501,KJZD-M202401501).
文摘This work proposes an optimization method for gas storage operation parameters under multi-factor coupled constraints to improve the peak-shaving capacity of gas storage reservoirs while ensuring operational safety.Previous research primarily focused on integrating reservoir,wellbore,and surface facility constraints,often resulting in broad constraint ranges and slow model convergence.To solve this problem,the present study introduces additional constraints on maximum withdrawal rates by combining binomial deliverability equations with material balance equations for closed gas reservoirs,while considering extreme peak-shaving demands.This approach effectively narrows the constraint range.Subsequently,a collaborative optimization model with maximum gas production as the objective function is established,and the model employs a joint solution strategy combining genetic algorithms and numerical simulation techniques.Finally,this methodology was applied to optimize operational parameters for Gas Storage T.The results demonstrate:(1)The convergence of the model was achieved after 6 iterations,which significantly improved the convergence speed of the model;(2)The maximum working gas volume reached 11.605×10^(8) m^(3),which increased by 13.78%compared with the traditional optimization method;(3)This method greatly improves the operation safety and the ultimate peak load balancing capability.The research provides important technical support for the intelligent decision of injection and production parameters of gas storage and improving peak load balancing ability.
文摘Membrane technology has found wide applications in the petrochemical industry, mainly in the purification and recovery of the hydrogen resources. Accurate prediction of the membrane separation performance plays an important role in carrying out advanced process control （APC）. For the first time, a soft-sensor model for the membrane separation process has been established based on the radial basis function （RBF） neural networks. The main performance parameters, i.e, permeate hydrogen concentration, permeate gas flux, and residue hydrogen concentration, are estimated quantitatively by measuring the operating temperature, feed-side pressure, permeate-side pressure, residue-side pressure, feed-gas flux, and feed-hydrogen concentration excluding flow structure, membrane parameters, and other compositions. The predicted results can gain the desired effects. The effectiveness of this novel approach lays a foundation for integrating control technology and optimizing the operation of the gas membrane separation process.
文摘In past decades dynamic programming, genetic algorithms, ant colony optimization algorithms and some gradient algorithms have been applied to power optimization of gas pipelines. In this paper a power optimization model for gas pipelines is developed and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied. Based on the testing of the parameters involved in the algorithm which need to be defined artificially, the values of these parameters have been recommended which can make the algorithm reach efficiently the approximate optimum solution with required accuracy. Some examples have shown that the relative error of the particle swarm optimization over ant colony optimization and dynamic programming is less than 1% and the computation time is much less than that of ant colony optimization and dynamic programming.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51176051)the PetroChina Innovation Foundation(2012D- 5006-0210)the Colleges and Universities High-level Talents Program of Guangdong
文摘Coal bed methane （CBM） has a huge potential to be purified to relieve the shortage of natural gas meanwhile to weaken the greenhouse effect. This paper proposed an optimal design strategy for CBM to obtain an integrated process configuration consisting of three each single separation units, membrane, pressure swing absorption, and cryogenics. A superstructure model was established including all possible network configurations which were solved by MINLP. The design strategy optimized the separation unit configuration and operating conditions to satisfy the target of minimum total annual process cost. An example was presented for the separation of CH4/N2 mixtures in coal bed methane （CBM） treatment. The key operation parameters were also studied and they showed the influence to process configurations.
文摘In order to comply with discharge standards, a gas–solid separator is used to remove solid particles from the thorium molten salt reactor-solid fuel (TMSR-SF) system. As a key component, it directly determines system energy efficiency. However, current gas–solid separators, based on activated carbon adsorption technology, result in high pressure drops and increased maintenance costs. In the present study, a new combined gas–solid separator was developed for the TMSR-SF. Based on a simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, the gas–solid twophase flow and the motion trajectory of solid particles were simulated for this new separator using commercial ANSYS 16.0 software. The flow and separation mechanism for this structure were also been discussed in terms of their velocity effects and pressure field distributions, and then the structure was optimized based on the influence of key structural parameters on pressure and separation efficiency. The results showed that the standard k–ε model could be achieved and accurately simulated the new combined separator. In this new combined gas–solid separator, coarse particles are separated in the first stage using rotating centrifugal motion, and then fine particles are filtered in the second stage, giving a separation efficiency of up to 96.11%. The optimum blade inclination angle and numbers were calculated to be 45° and four, respectively. It implicated that the combined separator could be of great significance in a wide variety of applications.
文摘Evolutionary algorithm is applied for distillation separation sequence optimization synthesis problems with combination explosion. The binary tree data structure is used to describe the distillation separation sequence, and it is directly applied as the coding method. Genetic operators, which ensure to prohibit illegal filial generations completely, are designed by using the method of graph theory. The crossover operator based on a single parent or two parents is designed successfully. The example shows that the average ratio of search space from evolutionary algorithm with two-parent genetic operation is lower, whereas the rate of successful minimizations from evolutionary algorithm with single parent genetic operation is higher.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52336005 and 52106133).
文摘Circulating fluidized bed flue gas desulfurization(CFB-FGD) process has been widely applied in recent years. However, high cost caused by the use of high-quality slaked lime and difficult operation due to the complex flow field are two issues which have received great attention. Accordingly, a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor was constructed to investigate the effects of physical properties and external conditions on desulfurization performance of slaked lime, and the conclusions were tried out in an industrial-scale CFB-FGD tower. After that, a numerical model of the tower was established based on computational particle fluid dynamics(CPFD) and two-film theory. After comparison and validation with actual operation data, the effects of operating parameters on gas-solid distribution and desulfurization characteristics were investigated. The results of experiments and industrial trials showed that the use of slaked lime with a calcium hydroxide content of approximately 80% and particle size greater than 40 μm could significantly reduce the cost of desulfurizer. Simulation results showed that the flow field in the desulfurization tower was skewed under the influence of circulating ash. We obtained optimal operating conditions of 7.5 kg·s^(-1)for the atomized water flow, 70 kg·s^(-1)for circulating ash flow, and 0.56 kg·s^(-1)for slaked lime flow, with desulfurization efficiency reaching 98.19% and the exit flue gas meeting the ultraclean emission and safety requirements. All parameters selected in the simulation were based on engineering examples and had certain application reference significance.
文摘The ability to predict the behaviour of a gas turbine engine and optimize its performance is critical in eco-nomic, thermal and condition monitoring studies. Having identified fouling as one of the major sources of compressor and therefore gas turbine deterioration, a computer-based engine model was developed to optimize the performance of gas turbines. The paper thus presents an analysis of compressor hand cleaning, on and offline compressor washing to actualize the technique using a computer program in Visual Basic programming language with data collected over a period of fifteen weeks for 2 gas turbine plants GT1 and GT2. The results of the data collected, when collated, shows that after washing, the overall operational efficiency changed from 39.2% to 46.25%. To optimize the performance of gas turbine engines, it is therefore recommended that operators should perform a combination of compressor hand cleaning, offline and online washing simultaneously.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LQ23E040004。
文摘The multi-stage development strategy is often adopted in the gas field.However,when the productivity decline occurs,many large processing stations will be severely idle and underutilized,significantly reducing operating efficiency and revenue.This study proposes a novel operation mode of multiple gathering production systems for gas field multi-stage development,integrating the decisions about processing capacity allocation and infrastructure construction to share processing stations and improve multi-system operating efficiency.A multi-period mixed integer linear programming model for multisystem operation optimization is established to optimize the net present value(NPV),considering the production of gas wells,time-varying gas prices,and the capacity of processing stations.The decision of processing capacity,location,construction timing,and capacity expansion of processing stations,as well as transmission capacity of pipelines and processing capacity allocation schemes,can be obtained to meet long-term production demand.Furthermore,a real case study indicates that the proposed processing capacity allocation approach not only has a shorter payback period and increases NPV by 4.8%,but also increases the utilization efficiency of processing stations from 27.37% to 48.94%.This work demonstrates that the synergy between the processing capacity allocation and infrastructure construction can hedge against production fluctuations and increase potential profits.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFE0300302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21503199,21406212)Key Project of Applied&Basic Research of Sichuan Province(18YYJC1594)
文摘The liquid phase catalytic exchange(LPCE) reaction is an effective process for heavy water detritiation and production of deuterium-depleted potable water. In the current study, hydrophobic carbon-supported platinum catalysts(Pt/C/PTFE) with high efficiency as reported previously for LPCE were prepared and comprehensive performance evaluation method is applied to evaluate the separation behaviors of LPCE systematically. Experimental results indicate that the optimum reaction temperature of 60–80℃ and the molar feed ratio G/L of 1.5–2.5 would lead to higher separation efficiencies. As to the packing method, a random packing mode with a packing ratio of hydrophobic catalysts 0.25 is recommended. In addition, thermodynamic analysis corresponds well with experimental results under lower temperature and G/L, while the suppression of kinetic factors should not be neglected when T > 80℃ and G/L > 1.5.
文摘Oil production could be increased by using optimization techniques in each stage of oil production system from field to production unit.However,the maximum profit will be obtained once integrated optimization of surface and subsurface components of the oil production system is implemented.In addition,when using high-tech equipment and facilities,an integrated study of well and surface facilities affects the economic benefits significantly.In this work,one of the Iranian brown fields(mature or declining production fields)was studied to find the best renovation plan with maximum profits.The base scenario was designed with four stages of separation,and the high-pressure gases from the first and the second separator were planned to be sold,while the low-pressure gases from subsequent stages were supposed to be flared.In this paper,two additional scenarios,namely separator optimization and full optimization,were proposed and 12 cases were defined.In the full optimization scenario,low-pressure gases were prevented from being flared.It was observed that by stopping the flaring systems,gas production rate increases as high as 20%and 150 to 200 MW power will be generated in all cases during the next 20 years.Finally,economic evaluation for all of the cases was done and different cases were compared in terms of incremental annual worth and payback period.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(Grant No.2011BAE04B02)Key Technologies R&D Program of Beijing(Grant No.Z161100000716002)
文摘Top gas recycling oxygen blast furnace（TGR-OBF）process is a promising ironmaking process.The biggest challenge of the TGR-OBF in operation is the dramatic decrease of top gas volume（per ton hot metal）,which once led to hanging-up and shutdowns in practice of the Toulachermet.In order to avoid this weakness,the strategy of medium oxygen blast furnace was presented.The maneuverable zone of the TGR-OBF was determined by the top gas volume,which should not be far from the data of the traditional blast furnace.The deviation of ±12.5% was used,and then the maneuverable blast oxygen content is from 0.30 to 0.47 according to the calculation.The flame temperature and the top gas volume have no much difference compared to those of the traditional blast furnace.The minimum carbon consumption of 357 kg per ton hot metal in the maneuverable zone occurs at the oxygen content of 0.30（fuel saving of 14%）.In the unsteady evolution,the N2 accumulation could approach nearly zero after the recycling reached 6 times.Thus far,some TGR-OBF industrial trials have been carried out in different countries,but the method of medium oxygen enriched TGR-OBF has not been implemented,because the accumulation of N2 was worried about.The presented strategy of medium oxygen enriched TGR-OBF is applicable and the strategy with good operational performance is strongly suggested as a forerunner of the full oxygen blast furnace.
基金This work was supported by the Zhejiang A&F University Talent Startup Project(2017FR025)the Science and Technology Project in Jinyun(JYKJZDSJ-2018-1)and the Key R&D Program of Sichuan Province(2017GZ0391).
文摘An oil and gas pipeline monitoring platform uses internet of things(IoT)to ensure safe operation in remote and unattended areas,through automatic monitoring and systematic control on equipment such as the cut-off valves and cathodic protection systems.The continuity and stability of power supplies for various equipment of an oil and gas pipeline IoT monitoring platform is crucial.There is no single universal off-grid power supply method that is optimal for an oil and gas pipeline IoT monitoring platform in all different contexts.Therefore,it is necessary to select a suitable one according to the specific geographical location and meteorological conditions.This paper proposes an off-grid power supply system comprised of a reversible solid oxide fuel cell(RESOC),photovoltaic(PV)and battery.Minimum operating costs and the reliability of system operations under constraint conditions are the key determining objectives.A“PV+battery+RESOC”system operational optimization model is established.Based on the model,three types of off-grid power supply schemes are proposed,and three geographical locations with different meteorological conditions are selected as practical application scenarios.The Matlab Cplex solver is used to solve the different power supply modes of the three regions.And finally,the power supply scheme with the best reliability and economy under different geographical environments and meteorological conditions is obtained.
