The Ganges and Brahmaputra River system is in the plains of the northern Indian subcontinent. The river is a wide sluggish stream flowing through densely populated and fertile agricultural regions of the world. The Ga...The Ganges and Brahmaputra River system is in the plains of the northern Indian subcontinent. The river is a wide sluggish stream flowing through densely populated and fertile agricultural regions of the world. The Ganges is known as the Hinduism holy river. In Bangladesh, the Brahmaputra is joined by the Teesta River. The western branch of the Brahmaputra confluences with the Ganges and contains most of the river flow. The eastern branch joins the Meghna River near Dhaka. The basin covers parts of four countries including India, Nepal, China, and Bangladesh. Of greater concern, however, has been the degradation in quality of the river water itself. The primary objective of this research is to encourage the development of a multi-country clean-up, mitigation, and protection plan for the Ganges-Brahmaputra rivers. This article constitutes a real tool for the restoration, enhancement and protection of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River system and its environment. The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers are known for stream bank erosion, shifting channels, and sandbars that continually emerge in their course. The Ganges and Brahmaputra watershed is home to hundreds of millions of people, with the result that the river’s water over much of its course is highly polluted. Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh continues to be the largest case of human poisoning in history. Catastrophic floods have prompted the World Bank to prepare a long-term flood-control plan for the region. Scores of cities and towns contribute to treated sewage into the river and its main tributaries, and dozens of manufacturing facilities contribute industrial waste. Also contributing to high pollution levels are agricultural runoff, the remnants of partially burned or unburned bodies from funeral pyres, and animal carcasses. High levels of disease-causing bacteria, as well as such toxic substances as chromium, cadmium, and arsenic, have been found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra. External research and funding of adsorptive media systems to help mitigate the high arsenic levels in drinking water (river and groundwater) is needed. The Ganges-Brahmaputra River system is of colossal importance to its entire environment. Restoration and protection measures must be adopted appropriately and at the scale of the concerned countries.展开更多
The arsenic contamination of groundwater in Uttar Pradesh State was first recognized in 2003 and is now seen at 20 Districts out of 70 Districts. University of Miyazaki has performed the arsenic mitigation project in ...The arsenic contamination of groundwater in Uttar Pradesh State was first recognized in 2003 and is now seen at 20 Districts out of 70 Districts. University of Miyazaki has performed the arsenic mitigation project in Bahraich District, severest arsenic-affected one in the 20 Districts, from June 2008 until now, with JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency). The integrated mitigation, such as the raising awareness of villager, installing of alternative water supply units and healthcare of arsenocosis patients, have been executed at the 2 villages. The symptom of the arsenocosis patients was not so severe, which will be, therefore, improved by drinking arsenic-safe water supplied through arsenic removal units, installed by this project. In this paper, following results is discussed for the situation and mechanism of arsenic contamination of groundwater, objected in connection with the installation of arsenic removal units: 1) Groundwater is almost contaminated with arsenic in deep tubewell (depth: about 30 m), but scarcely in shallow tubewell (depth: about 10 m);2) Arsenic contaminated groundwater is under the reduced condition with the oxidized condition for no-arsenic contaminated groundwater;3) Arsenic concentration shows almost linear correlation with concentrations of Fe2+ and -N;4) Ground is composed of sand with high arsenic content at around 25 m depth;5) Arsenic exists mainly in the phase of reducible fraction or weak acid soluble fraction but no oxidizable fraction in the ground.展开更多
Soil minerals study is vital in terms of investigating the major soil forming compounds and to find out the fate of minor and trace elements in soils. It is also essential for the soil-plant interaction purpose. To id...Soil minerals study is vital in terms of investigating the major soil forming compounds and to find out the fate of minor and trace elements in soils. It is also essential for the soil-plant interaction purpose. To identify soil mineral phases especially clay minerals, X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been a popular technique. The clay mineralogical information of soils in Bangladesh is limited, especially in Ganges flood plain region (Agro Ecological Zone (AEZ) 12 and 13). Therefore, to overcome this limitation, in this study, we performed XRD analysis of <2 mm fractions soil samples of AEX 12 and 13. However, identifying mineralogical phases by XRD in <2 mm fractions soils is not so straight-forward due to many practical problems. We fully matched only two mineralogical phases in all the soil samples which is quartz and potassium-Aluminum-Silicate. However, the full XRD peaks indicate that more minerals are also present, but due to heterogeneity of soils samples, it is difficult to find other minerals phases by only XRD peak of <2 mm fractions. Therefore, to find more information about mineralogical phases, we performed XRF analysis that provides the elemental composition of minerals phase as oxide. XRF analysis indicated the presence of secondary minerals like illite and chlorite. The presence of high percentage Fe oxide not only indicated the iron mineral phase (goethite and ferrihydrite) but also indicated iron rich high charge smectite minerals (beidellite). The presence of iron rich smectite minerals in the Ganges sediments reported in several previous studies. Thus, we concluded that only XRD in <2 mm fractions of soils is not adequate to identify the mineralogical phases of soil samples. Others analyses like XRF, XRD in <2 μm fractions will be necessary to locate an entire image of soil mineralogical phases.展开更多
Despite the fact that it is one of the most sacred and holy rivers in the world,the Ganges River is paradoxically among the most polluted.Over the past decade,researchers have described various mechanisms and actions ...Despite the fact that it is one of the most sacred and holy rivers in the world,the Ganges River is paradoxically among the most polluted.Over the past decade,researchers have described various mechanisms and actions for improving the pollution problem within the Ganges watershed.The aim of this policy‐centric systematic review is to summarize these recommendations to make them more accessible for concerned citizen groups and planners while also critically appraising their findings.Using the Reporting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses(ROSES)framework,our findings indicate that there are a wide range of potential solutions for mitigating pollution in the river system that originate from 37 peer‐reviewed sources that encompass field studies,modeling analyses,and review articles.While we find that there are many actionable and thoughtprovoking recommendations for improving water quality and pollution mitigation given by authors studying the Ganges,there are also areas for improvement.Notably,there is a heavy focus on state‐centric planning in the basin with only a few examples of policies that have been tailored toward encouraging communitybased solutions.This lack of community‐based planning may relate to the fact that there is also a missing social dimension to policy recommendations in the Ganges watershed,where most of the articles that we reviewed were published in natural science journals and were not interdisciplinary in nature.Better reporting standards for recommendations arising from reviews and a greater focus on the interrelations between different components of the Ganges system may also yield novel and more trustworthy policy findings for practitioners.展开更多
Indian Pilgrimage in China's Xizang to Resume This Summer Indian pilgrimage to Mount Gang Rinpoche and Lake Mapham Yutso in the Xizang Autonomous Region will resume this summer as agreed between the two countries,...Indian Pilgrimage in China's Xizang to Resume This Summer Indian pilgrimage to Mount Gang Rinpoche and Lake Mapham Yutso in the Xizang Autonomous Region will resume this summer as agreed between the two countries,according to China's Foreign Ministry.Mount Gang Rinpoche and Lake Mapham Yutso are the sacred mountain and lake for believers of several religions,including Tibetan Buddhism and Hinduism,and thus the pilgrimage is an important part of the cultural and people-to-people exchange between China and India.展开更多
Objective:To investigate biometrics of the Rhinomugil corsula(Hamilton,1822)(R.corsula),including length-weight relationships(LWRS),condition factors(Allometric,K_(A);Fulton's,K_(F);Relative,K_(R);Relative weight,...Objective:To investigate biometrics of the Rhinomugil corsula(Hamilton,1822)(R.corsula),including length-weight relationships(LWRS),condition factors(Allometric,K_(A);Fulton's,K_(F);Relative,K_(R);Relative weight,W_(R)),and sex ratio and length-frequency distributions in the Ganges(Padma River),Northwestern Bangladesh.Methods:Monthly sampling was conducted using traditional fishing gears during June to August 2012.Total length was measured to the nearest 0.01 cm using digital slide calipers,and total body weight was measured using an electronic balance with 0.01 g accuracy.The LWR was calculated using the expression:W=a×L_(b),where the W is the body weight,L is the total length,a and b are the parameters of the regression.Results:A total of 350 specimens ranging from 8.59-15.71 cm in total length and 9.57-32.59 g in body weight were analyzed during this study.The overall sex ratio was not significantly different from the expected value of 1:1(X^(2)=2.57,P>0.05),but there was significant difference in the length-frequency distributions between the sexes(P=0.03).The allometric coefficient b for the LWR indicated negative allometric growth(b=3.00)in males,female and combined sexes.Results further indicated that Kr was not significantly different between the sexes(P=0.57).However,the mean W_(R)of R.corsula showed significant differences from 100 for males(P=0.03)and females(P<0.001)in this study,indicating the imbalance habitat with food availability relative to the presence of predators.Conclusions:This study reported the first description of biometric relationships for R.corsula,which would be useful for the sustainable conservation of this rear fishery in Bangladesh and also neighboring countries.展开更多
Globally,the threat of endangerment and extinction of small cetaceans was highlighted after the recent extinction of the Chinese River dolphin or Baiji(Lipotes vexillifer).Species with a small population size and a li...Globally,the threat of endangerment and extinction of small cetaceans was highlighted after the recent extinction of the Chinese River dolphin or Baiji(Lipotes vexillifer).Species with a small population size and a limited geographic range,such as Ganges River dolphins(GRD),are more vulnerable to extinction.The social and behavioral needs of cetaceans have been identified as potential factors increasing their vulnerability to human disturbance.However,little is known about how GRD adapt their behaviors and diel activity patterns to spatiotemporal variation.In this paper,we examined the underwater behavior of GRDs in Nepal by collecting echolocation clicks from three spatially stratified habitats in the Sapta Koshi River system over a six-month period.Our research found that GRDs behave differently in response to spatial heterogeneity,indicating diverse environmental requirements for GRD persistence.Behavioral activity and duration varied across habitats but not across time of day,suggesting that GRD behaviors are likely to be regulated by habitat structure regardless of the time of day.However,GRD consistently exhibited nocturnal activity peaks even when diurnal activity varied substantially.This indicates that river dolphins may favor nocturnal refuges as a reaction to human disturbance in highly regulated rivers.Managing human disturbances in conjunction with habitat heterogeneity can improve the persistence of riverine cetaceans.Here,we document behavioral and ecological information pertaining to GRD,which is essential to the formation of river dolphin recovery plans that link ecological perspectives to planning and management.展开更多
Recently,several edge deployment types,such as on-premise edge clusters,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV)-attached edge devices,telecommunication base stations installed with edge clusters,etc.,are being deployed to enabl...Recently,several edge deployment types,such as on-premise edge clusters,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV)-attached edge devices,telecommunication base stations installed with edge clusters,etc.,are being deployed to enable faster response time for latency-sensitive tasks.One fundamental problem is where and how to offload and schedule multi-dependent tasks so as to minimize their collective execution time and to achieve high resource utilization.Existing approaches randomly dispatch tasks naively to available edge nodes without considering the resource demands of tasks,inter-dependencies of tasks and edge resource availability.These approaches can result in the longer waiting time for tasks due to insufficient resource availability or dependency support,as well as provider lock-in.Therefore,we present Edge Colla,which is based on the integration of edge resources running across multi-edge deployments.Edge Colla leverages learning techniques to intelligently dispatch multidependent tasks,and a variant bin-packing optimization method to co-locate these tasks firmly on available nodes to optimally utilize them.Extensive experiments on real-world datasets from Alibaba on task dependencies show that our approach can achieve optimal performance than the baseline schemes.展开更多
Two new freshwater atyid shrimps, Caridina angustipes sp nov.and C clavipes sp nov.from Hunan Province,China are described. C angustipes sp nov.is similar to C baojingensis Guo,He et Bai,1992,b...Two new freshwater atyid shrimps, Caridina angustipes sp nov.and C clavipes sp nov.from Hunan Province,China are described. C angustipes sp nov.is similar to C baojingensis Guo,He et Bai,1992,but with longer rostrum,15-27 dorsal teeth,3-6 ventral teeth,and straighter inner margin of endopods in male 1st pleopods. C clavipes sp nov.is similar to C angustipes ,but with narrower distal and fewer spines on inner margin of endopds in male 1st pleopods,and shorter and thinner appendix masculina in male 2nd pleopods with only 1 spine on inner lateral margin and 4 spines in apex.The holotypes are deposited in Shanghai Fisheries University.Some representative paratypes are deposited in Foshan Science and Technology College.展开更多
Uttarakhand state in India is well known for its mountainous ecosystems, traditional communities and a variety of ecotourism destinations. Among various tourism activities, River Rafting along the banks of the Ganges ...Uttarakhand state in India is well known for its mountainous ecosystems, traditional communities and a variety of ecotourism destinations. Among various tourism activities, River Rafting along the banks of the Ganges River has increased tremendously for two decades, and has had unprecedented impacts on the traditional communities and the bio-diversity. Therefore, it is meaningful to do a comprehensive study on the various impacts associated with river rafting so as to suggest the pathways to achieve the environmental sustainability in this region. In this study, we collected primary data from randomly selected population units across all stake holders such as local people （n = too）, and camp personnel （n = 22）, through a pre-tested questionnaire survey between August 2009 and May 2010. The questionnaire contains issues on culture, social, economic, institutional and associated perceived impacts on pollution and biodiversity including views for sustainability. Secondary information was also collected from various sources and government records to supplement and strengthen the analysis. The impacts were analyzed qualitatively through a ranking mechanism to facilitate the decision making process. The perception of the interviewee about the various possible impacts of rafting was discussed with mitigating mechanism. The ranking analysis as percollected data reveals that economy and education of local community was improved significantly; however aquatic and terrestrial fauna, social cohesion and pollution （water, air, land） were significantly deteriorated. The results show that the existing practices are not sufficient to address the adverse impacts. Improvement in practices is necessary, mainly in the policy regime. Based on the analysis, some measures are recommended on how to protect community interest and environment with the development of river rafting as an ecotourism opportunity.展开更多
Salmonella is one of the major pathogenic bacteria present in contaminated water. 16-23S rRNA spacer region has been reported to be polymorphic at serovar level in Salmonella. Salmonella isolates obtained from Ganges ...Salmonella is one of the major pathogenic bacteria present in contaminated water. 16-23S rRNA spacer region has been reported to be polymorphic at serovar level in Salmonella. Salmonella isolates obtained from Ganges river water were studied for 16-23S rRNA spacer region polymorphism. Thirty three isolates belonging to eight serovars (S. Typhimurium, S. Abuja, S. Pantypridd, S. Lagos, S. Chinkual, S. Zwickau, S. Goldenberg and S. Oritamerin) were studied for the polymorphism. Out of 33 isolates, 15 different profiles were observed no serovar specific profile. Our findings indicate that 16-23S rRNA spacer region is not specific at serovar level, but can be used for differentiation of different Salmonella isolates.展开更多
Introduction.The 6^(th) International Dyke Conference(IDC)was held on the banks of the Ganges River,in the ancient town of Varanasi,northern India.The sixth instalment,in a highly successful series of conferences,a ga...Introduction.The 6^(th) International Dyke Conference(IDC)was held on the banks of the Ganges River,in the ancient town of Varanasi,northern India.The sixth instalment,in a highly successful series of conferences,a gathering of close to 200 international and Indian delegates and dyke swarm researchers was hosted by Banaras Hindu University.展开更多
The three dimensional variable cross-section roll forming is a kind of new metal forming technol- ogy which combines large forming force, multi-axis linkage movement and space synergic movement, and the sequential syn...The three dimensional variable cross-section roll forming is a kind of new metal forming technol- ogy which combines large forming force, multi-axis linkage movement and space synergic movement, and the sequential synergic movement of the ganged roller group is used to complete the metal sheet forming according to the shape of the complicated and variable forming part data. The control system should meet the demands of quick response to the test requirements of the product part. A new kind of real time data driving multi-axis linkage and synergic movement control strategy of 3D roll forming is put forward in the paper. In the new control strategy, the forming data are automatically generated according to the shape of the parts, and the multi-axis linkage movement together with cooperative motion among the six stands of the 3D roll forming machine is driven by the real-time information, and the control nodes are also driven by the forming data. The new control strategy is applied to a 48 axis 3D roll forming machine developed by our research center, and the control servo period is less than 10ms. A forming experiment of variable cross section part is carried out, and the forming preci- sion is better than ＋ 0.5mm by the control strategy. The result of the experiment proves that the control strategy has significant potentiality for the development of 3D roll forming production line with large scale, multi-axis ganged and svner^ic movement展开更多
The destructive cult is an underworld gang organization with the witchcraft and anti-social characteristics, in ＂Theliving god＂, namely the gang master, as the faith. The cause of formation bases on mankind cognitiv...The destructive cult is an underworld gang organization with the witchcraft and anti-social characteristics, in ＂Theliving god＂, namely the gang master, as the faith. The cause of formation bases on mankind cognitive level andsocial environment except for artificial factors. So in any time, the destructive cult has the possibility and necessityof its existence. In paper, it emphasizes that we should strengthen scientific education, open mind and sublimationof self at the same time of improving society. In this way, can only we eliminate the influence of the cult, breakdown the foundations of the cult.展开更多
This article introduces various editions of Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica)and displays or collects in the Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),along with many other works on ...This article introduces various editions of Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica)and displays or collects in the Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),along with many other works on the study of Li Shizhen.Li Shizhen is not only a distinguished physician and pharmacist in the Ming dynasty of China but also a great scientist in human history.The most prominent contribution Li had made was sorting and developing the traditional Chinese herbal medicine,with the compilation of Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica),which represented the highest level of pharmaceutical development of TCM from a new starting line.展开更多
文摘The Ganges and Brahmaputra River system is in the plains of the northern Indian subcontinent. The river is a wide sluggish stream flowing through densely populated and fertile agricultural regions of the world. The Ganges is known as the Hinduism holy river. In Bangladesh, the Brahmaputra is joined by the Teesta River. The western branch of the Brahmaputra confluences with the Ganges and contains most of the river flow. The eastern branch joins the Meghna River near Dhaka. The basin covers parts of four countries including India, Nepal, China, and Bangladesh. Of greater concern, however, has been the degradation in quality of the river water itself. The primary objective of this research is to encourage the development of a multi-country clean-up, mitigation, and protection plan for the Ganges-Brahmaputra rivers. This article constitutes a real tool for the restoration, enhancement and protection of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River system and its environment. The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers are known for stream bank erosion, shifting channels, and sandbars that continually emerge in their course. The Ganges and Brahmaputra watershed is home to hundreds of millions of people, with the result that the river’s water over much of its course is highly polluted. Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh continues to be the largest case of human poisoning in history. Catastrophic floods have prompted the World Bank to prepare a long-term flood-control plan for the region. Scores of cities and towns contribute to treated sewage into the river and its main tributaries, and dozens of manufacturing facilities contribute industrial waste. Also contributing to high pollution levels are agricultural runoff, the remnants of partially burned or unburned bodies from funeral pyres, and animal carcasses. High levels of disease-causing bacteria, as well as such toxic substances as chromium, cadmium, and arsenic, have been found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra. External research and funding of adsorptive media systems to help mitigate the high arsenic levels in drinking water (river and groundwater) is needed. The Ganges-Brahmaputra River system is of colossal importance to its entire environment. Restoration and protection measures must be adopted appropriately and at the scale of the concerned countries.
文摘The arsenic contamination of groundwater in Uttar Pradesh State was first recognized in 2003 and is now seen at 20 Districts out of 70 Districts. University of Miyazaki has performed the arsenic mitigation project in Bahraich District, severest arsenic-affected one in the 20 Districts, from June 2008 until now, with JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency). The integrated mitigation, such as the raising awareness of villager, installing of alternative water supply units and healthcare of arsenocosis patients, have been executed at the 2 villages. The symptom of the arsenocosis patients was not so severe, which will be, therefore, improved by drinking arsenic-safe water supplied through arsenic removal units, installed by this project. In this paper, following results is discussed for the situation and mechanism of arsenic contamination of groundwater, objected in connection with the installation of arsenic removal units: 1) Groundwater is almost contaminated with arsenic in deep tubewell (depth: about 30 m), but scarcely in shallow tubewell (depth: about 10 m);2) Arsenic contaminated groundwater is under the reduced condition with the oxidized condition for no-arsenic contaminated groundwater;3) Arsenic concentration shows almost linear correlation with concentrations of Fe2+ and -N;4) Ground is composed of sand with high arsenic content at around 25 m depth;5) Arsenic exists mainly in the phase of reducible fraction or weak acid soluble fraction but no oxidizable fraction in the ground.
文摘Soil minerals study is vital in terms of investigating the major soil forming compounds and to find out the fate of minor and trace elements in soils. It is also essential for the soil-plant interaction purpose. To identify soil mineral phases especially clay minerals, X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been a popular technique. The clay mineralogical information of soils in Bangladesh is limited, especially in Ganges flood plain region (Agro Ecological Zone (AEZ) 12 and 13). Therefore, to overcome this limitation, in this study, we performed XRD analysis of <2 mm fractions soil samples of AEX 12 and 13. However, identifying mineralogical phases by XRD in <2 mm fractions soils is not so straight-forward due to many practical problems. We fully matched only two mineralogical phases in all the soil samples which is quartz and potassium-Aluminum-Silicate. However, the full XRD peaks indicate that more minerals are also present, but due to heterogeneity of soils samples, it is difficult to find other minerals phases by only XRD peak of <2 mm fractions. Therefore, to find more information about mineralogical phases, we performed XRF analysis that provides the elemental composition of minerals phase as oxide. XRF analysis indicated the presence of secondary minerals like illite and chlorite. The presence of high percentage Fe oxide not only indicated the iron mineral phase (goethite and ferrihydrite) but also indicated iron rich high charge smectite minerals (beidellite). The presence of iron rich smectite minerals in the Ganges sediments reported in several previous studies. Thus, we concluded that only XRD in <2 mm fractions of soils is not adequate to identify the mineralogical phases of soil samples. Others analyses like XRF, XRD in <2 μm fractions will be necessary to locate an entire image of soil mineralogical phases.
文摘Despite the fact that it is one of the most sacred and holy rivers in the world,the Ganges River is paradoxically among the most polluted.Over the past decade,researchers have described various mechanisms and actions for improving the pollution problem within the Ganges watershed.The aim of this policy‐centric systematic review is to summarize these recommendations to make them more accessible for concerned citizen groups and planners while also critically appraising their findings.Using the Reporting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses(ROSES)framework,our findings indicate that there are a wide range of potential solutions for mitigating pollution in the river system that originate from 37 peer‐reviewed sources that encompass field studies,modeling analyses,and review articles.While we find that there are many actionable and thoughtprovoking recommendations for improving water quality and pollution mitigation given by authors studying the Ganges,there are also areas for improvement.Notably,there is a heavy focus on state‐centric planning in the basin with only a few examples of policies that have been tailored toward encouraging communitybased solutions.This lack of community‐based planning may relate to the fact that there is also a missing social dimension to policy recommendations in the Ganges watershed,where most of the articles that we reviewed were published in natural science journals and were not interdisciplinary in nature.Better reporting standards for recommendations arising from reviews and a greater focus on the interrelations between different components of the Ganges system may also yield novel and more trustworthy policy findings for practitioners.
文摘Indian Pilgrimage in China's Xizang to Resume This Summer Indian pilgrimage to Mount Gang Rinpoche and Lake Mapham Yutso in the Xizang Autonomous Region will resume this summer as agreed between the two countries,according to China's Foreign Ministry.Mount Gang Rinpoche and Lake Mapham Yutso are the sacred mountain and lake for believers of several religions,including Tibetan Buddhism and Hinduism,and thus the pilgrimage is an important part of the cultural and people-to-people exchange between China and India.
基金Supported by UGC(University Grants Commission),Banglades
文摘Objective:To investigate biometrics of the Rhinomugil corsula(Hamilton,1822)(R.corsula),including length-weight relationships(LWRS),condition factors(Allometric,K_(A);Fulton's,K_(F);Relative,K_(R);Relative weight,W_(R)),and sex ratio and length-frequency distributions in the Ganges(Padma River),Northwestern Bangladesh.Methods:Monthly sampling was conducted using traditional fishing gears during June to August 2012.Total length was measured to the nearest 0.01 cm using digital slide calipers,and total body weight was measured using an electronic balance with 0.01 g accuracy.The LWR was calculated using the expression:W=a×L_(b),where the W is the body weight,L is the total length,a and b are the parameters of the regression.Results:A total of 350 specimens ranging from 8.59-15.71 cm in total length and 9.57-32.59 g in body weight were analyzed during this study.The overall sex ratio was not significantly different from the expected value of 1:1(X^(2)=2.57,P>0.05),but there was significant difference in the length-frequency distributions between the sexes(P=0.03).The allometric coefficient b for the LWR indicated negative allometric growth(b=3.00)in males,female and combined sexes.Results further indicated that Kr was not significantly different between the sexes(P=0.57).However,the mean W_(R)of R.corsula showed significant differences from 100 for males(P=0.03)and females(P<0.001)in this study,indicating the imbalance habitat with food availability relative to the presence of predators.Conclusions:This study reported the first description of biometric relationships for R.corsula,which would be useful for the sustainable conservation of this rear fishery in Bangladesh and also neighboring countries.
文摘Globally,the threat of endangerment and extinction of small cetaceans was highlighted after the recent extinction of the Chinese River dolphin or Baiji(Lipotes vexillifer).Species with a small population size and a limited geographic range,such as Ganges River dolphins(GRD),are more vulnerable to extinction.The social and behavioral needs of cetaceans have been identified as potential factors increasing their vulnerability to human disturbance.However,little is known about how GRD adapt their behaviors and diel activity patterns to spatiotemporal variation.In this paper,we examined the underwater behavior of GRDs in Nepal by collecting echolocation clicks from three spatially stratified habitats in the Sapta Koshi River system over a six-month period.Our research found that GRDs behave differently in response to spatial heterogeneity,indicating diverse environmental requirements for GRD persistence.Behavioral activity and duration varied across habitats but not across time of day,suggesting that GRD behaviors are likely to be regulated by habitat structure regardless of the time of day.However,GRD consistently exhibited nocturnal activity peaks even when diurnal activity varied substantially.This indicates that river dolphins may favor nocturnal refuges as a reaction to human disturbance in highly regulated rivers.Managing human disturbances in conjunction with habitat heterogeneity can improve the persistence of riverine cetaceans.Here,we document behavioral and ecological information pertaining to GRD,which is essential to the formation of river dolphin recovery plans that link ecological perspectives to planning and management.
基金The financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 61901416 and 61571401(part of the Natural Science Foundation of Henan under grant 242300420269)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of Henan under grant 2024HYTP026the Innovative Talent of Colleges and the University of Henan Province under grant 18HASTIT021。
文摘Recently,several edge deployment types,such as on-premise edge clusters,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV)-attached edge devices,telecommunication base stations installed with edge clusters,etc.,are being deployed to enable faster response time for latency-sensitive tasks.One fundamental problem is where and how to offload and schedule multi-dependent tasks so as to minimize their collective execution time and to achieve high resource utilization.Existing approaches randomly dispatch tasks naively to available edge nodes without considering the resource demands of tasks,inter-dependencies of tasks and edge resource availability.These approaches can result in the longer waiting time for tasks due to insufficient resource availability or dependency support,as well as provider lock-in.Therefore,we present Edge Colla,which is based on the integration of edge resources running across multi-edge deployments.Edge Colla leverages learning techniques to intelligently dispatch multidependent tasks,and a variant bin-packing optimization method to co-locate these tasks firmly on available nodes to optimally utilize them.Extensive experiments on real-world datasets from Alibaba on task dependencies show that our approach can achieve optimal performance than the baseline schemes.
文摘Two new freshwater atyid shrimps, Caridina angustipes sp nov.and C clavipes sp nov.from Hunan Province,China are described. C angustipes sp nov.is similar to C baojingensis Guo,He et Bai,1992,but with longer rostrum,15-27 dorsal teeth,3-6 ventral teeth,and straighter inner margin of endopods in male 1st pleopods. C clavipes sp nov.is similar to C angustipes ,but with narrower distal and fewer spines on inner margin of endopds in male 1st pleopods,and shorter and thinner appendix masculina in male 2nd pleopods with only 1 spine on inner lateral margin and 4 spines in apex.The holotypes are deposited in Shanghai Fisheries University.Some representative paratypes are deposited in Foshan Science and Technology College.
文摘Uttarakhand state in India is well known for its mountainous ecosystems, traditional communities and a variety of ecotourism destinations. Among various tourism activities, River Rafting along the banks of the Ganges River has increased tremendously for two decades, and has had unprecedented impacts on the traditional communities and the bio-diversity. Therefore, it is meaningful to do a comprehensive study on the various impacts associated with river rafting so as to suggest the pathways to achieve the environmental sustainability in this region. In this study, we collected primary data from randomly selected population units across all stake holders such as local people （n = too）, and camp personnel （n = 22）, through a pre-tested questionnaire survey between August 2009 and May 2010. The questionnaire contains issues on culture, social, economic, institutional and associated perceived impacts on pollution and biodiversity including views for sustainability. Secondary information was also collected from various sources and government records to supplement and strengthen the analysis. The impacts were analyzed qualitatively through a ranking mechanism to facilitate the decision making process. The perception of the interviewee about the various possible impacts of rafting was discussed with mitigating mechanism. The ranking analysis as percollected data reveals that economy and education of local community was improved significantly; however aquatic and terrestrial fauna, social cohesion and pollution （water, air, land） were significantly deteriorated. The results show that the existing practices are not sufficient to address the adverse impacts. Improvement in practices is necessary, mainly in the policy regime. Based on the analysis, some measures are recommended on how to protect community interest and environment with the development of river rafting as an ecotourism opportunity.
文摘Salmonella is one of the major pathogenic bacteria present in contaminated water. 16-23S rRNA spacer region has been reported to be polymorphic at serovar level in Salmonella. Salmonella isolates obtained from Ganges river water were studied for 16-23S rRNA spacer region polymorphism. Thirty three isolates belonging to eight serovars (S. Typhimurium, S. Abuja, S. Pantypridd, S. Lagos, S. Chinkual, S. Zwickau, S. Goldenberg and S. Oritamerin) were studied for the polymorphism. Out of 33 isolates, 15 different profiles were observed no serovar specific profile. Our findings indicate that 16-23S rRNA spacer region is not specific at serovar level, but can be used for differentiation of different Salmonella isolates.
文摘Introduction.The 6^(th) International Dyke Conference(IDC)was held on the banks of the Ganges River,in the ancient town of Varanasi,northern India.The sixth instalment,in a highly successful series of conferences,a gathering of close to 200 international and Indian delegates and dyke swarm researchers was hosted by Banaras Hindu University.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2011BAG03B03)
文摘The three dimensional variable cross-section roll forming is a kind of new metal forming technol- ogy which combines large forming force, multi-axis linkage movement and space synergic movement, and the sequential synergic movement of the ganged roller group is used to complete the metal sheet forming according to the shape of the complicated and variable forming part data. The control system should meet the demands of quick response to the test requirements of the product part. A new kind of real time data driving multi-axis linkage and synergic movement control strategy of 3D roll forming is put forward in the paper. In the new control strategy, the forming data are automatically generated according to the shape of the parts, and the multi-axis linkage movement together with cooperative motion among the six stands of the 3D roll forming machine is driven by the real-time information, and the control nodes are also driven by the forming data. The new control strategy is applied to a 48 axis 3D roll forming machine developed by our research center, and the control servo period is less than 10ms. A forming experiment of variable cross section part is carried out, and the forming preci- sion is better than ＋ 0.5mm by the control strategy. The result of the experiment proves that the control strategy has significant potentiality for the development of 3D roll forming production line with large scale, multi-axis ganged and svner^ic movement
文摘The destructive cult is an underworld gang organization with the witchcraft and anti-social characteristics, in ＂Theliving god＂, namely the gang master, as the faith. The cause of formation bases on mankind cognitive level andsocial environment except for artificial factors. So in any time, the destructive cult has the possibility and necessityof its existence. In paper, it emphasizes that we should strengthen scientific education, open mind and sublimationof self at the same time of improving society. In this way, can only we eliminate the influence of the cult, breakdown the foundations of the cult.
文摘This article introduces various editions of Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica)and displays or collects in the Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),along with many other works on the study of Li Shizhen.Li Shizhen is not only a distinguished physician and pharmacist in the Ming dynasty of China but also a great scientist in human history.The most prominent contribution Li had made was sorting and developing the traditional Chinese herbal medicine,with the compilation of Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica),which represented the highest level of pharmaceutical development of TCM from a new starting line.
