Objective To evaluate the association of GGN repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor(AR)with ovarian reserve and ovarian response in controlled ovarian stimulation(COS).Methods This genetic association study was cond...Objective To evaluate the association of GGN repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor(AR)with ovarian reserve and ovarian response in controlled ovarian stimulation(COS).Methods This genetic association study was conducted among a total of 361 women aged≤40 years with basal FSH≤12 U/L undergoing the GnRH-agonist long protocol for COS in a university affiliated IVF center.GGN repeat in the AR gene was analyzed with Sanger sequencing.The primary endpoint was the number of antral follicle counts(AFCs),and the secondary endpoints were stimulation days,total dose of gonadotropin(Gn)used,total number of retrieved oocytes,ovarian sensitivity index,and follicular output rate.Results The GGN repeat in exon 1 of the AR gene ranged from 13 to 24,and the median repeat length was 22.Based on the genotypes(S for GGN repeats<22,L for GGN repeats≥22),the patients were divided into 3 groups:SS,SL,and LL.Generalized regression analysis indicated that the number of AFCs in group SS was significantly lower than those in group SL(adjusted β=1.8,95%CI:0.2-3.4,P=0.024)and group LL(adjusted β=1.5,95%CI:0.2-2.7,P=0.021).No significant difference was observed in the number of AFCs between group SL and group LL(P>0.05).Generalized regression analysis indicated no significant differences in ovarian stimulation parameters among the 3 groups,either before or after adjusting for confounding factors(P>0.05).Conclusion GGN repeat length on the AR gene is associated with AFC but not with ovarian response in Chinese women,indicating that AR gene polymorphisms may affect ovarian reserve.展开更多
Spermatogenesis is an androgen-regulated process that depends on the action of androgen receptor （AR）. Sperm production may be affected in men treated for testicular cancer （TC）, and it is important to identify th...Spermatogenesis is an androgen-regulated process that depends on the action of androgen receptor （AR）. Sperm production may be affected in men treated for testicular cancer （TC）, and it is important to identify the factors influencing the timing of spermatogenesis recovery following cancer treatment. It is known that the CAG and GGN repeat numbers affect the activity of the AR; therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate if the CAG and GGN polymorphisms in the AR gene predict recovery of sperm production after TC treatment. TC patients （n = 130） delivered ejaculates at the following time points： postorchiectomy and at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months posttherapy （TO, T6, T12, T24, T36, and T60）. The CAG lengths were categorized into three groups, 〈22 CAG, 22-23 CAG, and 〉23 CAG, and the GGN tracts were also categorized into three groups, 〈23 GGN, 23 GGN, and 〉23 GGN. At T12, men with 22-23 CAG presented with a statistically significantly （P = 0.045） lower sperm concentration than those with other CAG numbers （8.4 × 10^6 ml^-1 vs 16 × 10^6 ml^-1; 95% CI： 1.01-2.65）. This association was robust to omitting adjustment for treatment type and sperm concentration at TO （P= 0.021; 3.7× 10^6 ml^-1 vs 10 × 10^6 ml^-1; 95% CI： 1.13-4.90）. The same trends were observed for total sperm number. The least active AR variant seems to be associated with a more rapid recovery of spermatogenesis. This finding adds to our understanding of the biology of postcancer therapy recovery of fertility in males and has clinical implications.展开更多
Aim: The Androgen Receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional activator and the AR gene contains a highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat CAG and GGN in the first exon. Given the lack of information AR-CAG an...Aim: The Androgen Receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional activator and the AR gene contains a highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat CAG and GGN in the first exon. Given the lack of information AR-CAG and GGN repeat polymorphism and its potential correlation with breast cancer in South Indian women, we conducted a case-control study to observe the effects of CAG & GGN repeat length polymorphism and risk of breast cancer. Methods: Polymorphisms for AR-CAG and GGN repeat length was detected by Gene Scan analysis in the genomic DNA from cases with breast cancer and controls. Results: Association between AR genotype was calculated by categorising alleles as short (S) and long (L) and taking median value as the cut-off. LL genotype of CAG repeat was found to be associated with breast cancer (OR, 4.58;95% CI, 10.61-1.98;p—0.0004). GGN repeat having ≥21 was found in most of the cases and none of the cases showed 20 repeats thus indicate that alleles having homozygous repeat 20 may be protective towards breast cancer. Also, SS genotype was observed in 56.84% of cases and in 73.03% of controls (OR, 0.48;95% CI, 0.26-0.89;p value, 0.02). Conclusion: Our results indicate that longer CAG and GGN repeat may be associated with breast cancer whereas, the shorter GGN repeat length genotype of AR are protective.展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate the association of GGN repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor(AR)with ovarian reserve and ovarian response in controlled ovarian stimulation(COS).Methods This genetic association study was conducted among a total of 361 women aged≤40 years with basal FSH≤12 U/L undergoing the GnRH-agonist long protocol for COS in a university affiliated IVF center.GGN repeat in the AR gene was analyzed with Sanger sequencing.The primary endpoint was the number of antral follicle counts(AFCs),and the secondary endpoints were stimulation days,total dose of gonadotropin(Gn)used,total number of retrieved oocytes,ovarian sensitivity index,and follicular output rate.Results The GGN repeat in exon 1 of the AR gene ranged from 13 to 24,and the median repeat length was 22.Based on the genotypes(S for GGN repeats<22,L for GGN repeats≥22),the patients were divided into 3 groups:SS,SL,and LL.Generalized regression analysis indicated that the number of AFCs in group SS was significantly lower than those in group SL(adjusted β=1.8,95%CI:0.2-3.4,P=0.024)and group LL(adjusted β=1.5,95%CI:0.2-2.7,P=0.021).No significant difference was observed in the number of AFCs between group SL and group LL(P>0.05).Generalized regression analysis indicated no significant differences in ovarian stimulation parameters among the 3 groups,either before or after adjusting for confounding factors(P>0.05).Conclusion GGN repeat length on the AR gene is associated with AFC but not with ovarian response in Chinese women,indicating that AR gene polymorphisms may affect ovarian reserve.
文摘Spermatogenesis is an androgen-regulated process that depends on the action of androgen receptor （AR）. Sperm production may be affected in men treated for testicular cancer （TC）, and it is important to identify the factors influencing the timing of spermatogenesis recovery following cancer treatment. It is known that the CAG and GGN repeat numbers affect the activity of the AR; therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate if the CAG and GGN polymorphisms in the AR gene predict recovery of sperm production after TC treatment. TC patients （n = 130） delivered ejaculates at the following time points： postorchiectomy and at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months posttherapy （TO, T6, T12, T24, T36, and T60）. The CAG lengths were categorized into three groups, 〈22 CAG, 22-23 CAG, and 〉23 CAG, and the GGN tracts were also categorized into three groups, 〈23 GGN, 23 GGN, and 〉23 GGN. At T12, men with 22-23 CAG presented with a statistically significantly （P = 0.045） lower sperm concentration than those with other CAG numbers （8.4 × 10^6 ml^-1 vs 16 × 10^6 ml^-1; 95% CI： 1.01-2.65）. This association was robust to omitting adjustment for treatment type and sperm concentration at TO （P= 0.021; 3.7× 10^6 ml^-1 vs 10 × 10^6 ml^-1; 95% CI： 1.13-4.90）. The same trends were observed for total sperm number. The least active AR variant seems to be associated with a more rapid recovery of spermatogenesis. This finding adds to our understanding of the biology of postcancer therapy recovery of fertility in males and has clinical implications.
文摘Aim: The Androgen Receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional activator and the AR gene contains a highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat CAG and GGN in the first exon. Given the lack of information AR-CAG and GGN repeat polymorphism and its potential correlation with breast cancer in South Indian women, we conducted a case-control study to observe the effects of CAG & GGN repeat length polymorphism and risk of breast cancer. Methods: Polymorphisms for AR-CAG and GGN repeat length was detected by Gene Scan analysis in the genomic DNA from cases with breast cancer and controls. Results: Association between AR genotype was calculated by categorising alleles as short (S) and long (L) and taking median value as the cut-off. LL genotype of CAG repeat was found to be associated with breast cancer (OR, 4.58;95% CI, 10.61-1.98;p—0.0004). GGN repeat having ≥21 was found in most of the cases and none of the cases showed 20 repeats thus indicate that alleles having homozygous repeat 20 may be protective towards breast cancer. Also, SS genotype was observed in 56.84% of cases and in 73.03% of controls (OR, 0.48;95% CI, 0.26-0.89;p value, 0.02). Conclusion: Our results indicate that longer CAG and GGN repeat may be associated with breast cancer whereas, the shorter GGN repeat length genotype of AR are protective.
