面向第六代移动通信(Sixth generation of communication system,6G)网络全域立体覆盖与海量连接的需求,构建空天地一体化的高效传输体系已成为重要发展方向。然而,单一射频(Radio frequency,RF)或自由空间光(Free-space optical,FSO)...面向第六代移动通信(Sixth generation of communication system,6G)网络全域立体覆盖与海量连接的需求,构建空天地一体化的高效传输体系已成为重要发展方向。然而,单一射频(Radio frequency,RF)或自由空间光(Free-space optical,FSO)通信技术均存在固有局限,难以独立满足未来网络对超高速率、超高可靠与广域动态接入的综合要求。在此背景下,融合RF与FSO通信的互补优势构建智能协同的空天地一体化光电融合传输网络成为突破现有技术瓶颈的关键路径。本文系统综述了该领域的国内外研究进展,针对空天地一体化网络特征构建了基于光电融合的认知软件定义网络体系架构,重点阐述了适用于空天地异构环境的RF信道与FSO信道建模方法,深入剖析了高动态链路精准对准、异构资源智能分配、极端环境鲁棒传输等核心挑战。进而,围绕光电融合波束跟踪、自适应光电切换、光电并行协同传输及场景化链路选择等关键技术进行了详细论述。最后,展望了智能算法深度赋能、跨域抗扰动传输增强以及效能综合优化等未来发展趋势。研究表明,光电融合技术能够有效提升空天地一体化网络的综合性能,但其走向规模化应用仍需在跨层协同机制、动态资源管控及系统级效能评估等方面持续深化研究。展开更多
5G/5G-Advanced在持续提升关键性能指标方面被寄予厚望,需要在时延、可靠性、连接数密度与用户体验等方面实现进一步突破。传统以人工操作为主的管理模式在效率、准确性与成本等方面的局限日益凸显。相较于传统优化方法,人工智能技术凭...5G/5G-Advanced在持续提升关键性能指标方面被寄予厚望,需要在时延、可靠性、连接数密度与用户体验等方面实现进一步突破。传统以人工操作为主的管理模式在效率、准确性与成本等方面的局限日益凸显。相较于传统优化方法,人工智能技术凭借其预测性与前瞻性,推动网络管理由被动应对转向主动感知与自优化,实现从“监测-响应”到“预判-编排”的迁移。基于3GPP在无线电接入网(radio access network,RAN)智能化方向的关键技术与标准化路径,结合典型用例场景,分析了AI/ML模型管理、数据采集与交互机制。面向6G智能RAN,进一步提出“意图驱动的协作任务”这一新型架构理念,其关键是通过RAN对应用层信息的感知、任务级别的服务质量(quality of service,QoS)监控、动态组和资源管理等技术实现6G网络人机及碳硅生态系统的无缝交互。展开更多
随着第六代移动通信系统(6th generation mobile communication system, 6G)通信技术的发展,空天地一体化网络(Spaceair-ground integrated network, SAGIN)作为6G的重要组成部分,旨在实现卫星、空中平台与地面系统的无缝互联,在应急通...随着第六代移动通信系统(6th generation mobile communication system, 6G)通信技术的发展,空天地一体化网络(Spaceair-ground integrated network, SAGIN)作为6G的重要组成部分,旨在实现卫星、空中平台与地面系统的无缝互联,在应急通信、环境监测、智能交通等领域展现出巨大的潜力.然而,SAGIN具有异构结构、链路动态性高、资源分布广泛等特征,给网络的高效管理与优化带来巨大的挑战.近年来,人工智能(Artificial intelligence, AI)技术凭借强大的感知、学习与自主决策能力应用于通信网络,为SAGIN的智能演进提供了新契机.本文首先系统介绍SAGIN网络架构的基本组成与关键特征,并梳理当前主流AI技术在网络优化中的主要技术体系与适配优势,包括机器学习、图神经网络以及强化学习.其次,本文深入探讨了AI技术在SAGIN中智能资源管理、移动性管理与路由优化、空中平台路径规划、任务卸载与计算协同等典型场景中的应用与最新进展.最后,本文总结了AI技术应用在SAGIN网络中面临的挑战并展望了AI与SAGIN融合发展的未来方向.本文概述了AI技术在SAGIN网络中应用的优势与进展,旨在为AI赋能的SAGIN研究与应用发展提供技术参考.展开更多
The growing developments in 5G and 6G wireless communications have revolutionized communications technologies,providing faster speeds with reduced latency and improved connectivity to users.However,it raises significa...The growing developments in 5G and 6G wireless communications have revolutionized communications technologies,providing faster speeds with reduced latency and improved connectivity to users.However,it raises significant security challenges,including impersonation threats,data manipulation,distributed denial of service(DDoS)attacks,and privacy breaches.Traditional security measures are inadequate due to the decentralized and dynamic nature of next-generation networks.This survey provides a comprehensive review of how Federated Learning(FL),Blockchain,and Digital Twin(DT)technologies can collectively enhance the security of 5G and 6G systems.Blockchain offers decentralized,immutable,and transparent mechanisms for securing network transactions,while FL enables privacy-preserving collaborative learning without sharing raw data.Digital Twins create virtual replicas of network components,enabling real-time monitoring,anomaly detection,and predictive threat analysis.The survey examines major security issues in emerging wireless architectures and analyzes recent advancements that integrate FL,Blockchain,and DT to mitigate these threats.Additionally,it presents practical use cases,synthesizes key lessons learned,and identifies ongoing research challenges.Finally,the survey outlines future research directions to support the development of scalable,intelligent,and robust security frameworks for next-generation wireless networks.展开更多
随着6G的快速发展,天地一体化信息网络成为实现全球无缝覆盖的关键。围绕6G天地一体化网络中的调制技术展开专利分析,重点研究了基于循环前缀(Cyclic Prefix,CP)/离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform,DFT)扩展的正交频分复用(Ort...随着6G的快速发展,天地一体化信息网络成为实现全球无缝覆盖的关键。围绕6G天地一体化网络中的调制技术展开专利分析,重点研究了基于循环前缀(Cyclic Prefix,CP)/离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform,DFT)扩展的正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)、基于滤波器组/多带滤波的OFDM、正交啁啾分复用(Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing,OCDM)、正交时频空间(Orthogonal Time Frequency and Space,OTFS)和仿射频分复用(Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing,AFDM)这5种调制技术的专利申请趋势、技术热点及竞争格局。研究结果表明,2020年后6G调制技术专利申请量激增,中国在专利数量上占据主导地位,AFDM因其在高动态信道中的优异性能成为未来6G标准的有力候选。揭示了专利领域的技术空白,为后续研发和专利布局提供了战略参考。展开更多
Objective:To investigate the correlation between the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)and the clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis and immune cell infiltration of hepatocellular carcinoma(...Objective:To investigate the correlation between the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)and the clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis and immune cell infiltration of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:The expression of G6PD in liver cancer tissues and normal tissues is extracted from TCGA and GEO databases,validated by immunohistochemistry,and the correlation between G6PD expression and clinical features is analyzed.The clinical significance of G6PD in liver cancer is assessed by Kaplan-Meier,Cox regression,and prognostic line graph models.Functional enrichment analysis is performed by protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,GO/KEGG,GSEA and for G6PD-associated differentially expressed genes(DEGs).TIMER and ssGSEA packages are used to assess the correlation between expression and the level of immune cell infiltration.Results:Analysis of TCGA and GEO datasets revealed that G6PD expression is significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues(P<0.001).G6PD expression is associated with histological grade,pathological stage,T-stage,vascular infiltration,and AFP level(P<0.05);HCC patients in the low G6PD expression group had longer overall survival and better prognosis compared with the high G6PD expression group(P<0.05).The level of G6PD expression affects the levels of macrophages,dendritic cells,B cells,and follicular helper T cells in the tumor microenvironment.Conclusion:High expression of G6PD is a potential biomarker for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma,and G6PD may be a target for immunotherapy of HCC.展开更多
随着新一轮科技与产业变革,新型信息技术不断涌现,其中6G就是一个代表。从6G网络的特征入手,提出空天地海一体化6G网络架构,并详细阐述相应的关键技术,包括数字孪生技术、网络建模技术、通信感知一体化(Integrated Sensing And Communic...随着新一轮科技与产业变革,新型信息技术不断涌现,其中6G就是一个代表。从6G网络的特征入手,提出空天地海一体化6G网络架构,并详细阐述相应的关键技术,包括数字孪生技术、网络建模技术、通信感知一体化(Integrated Sensing And Communication,ISAC)技术、空间复用技术以及反向散射技术。该研究可为6G网络的发展提供参考,助力建立完善的技术体系。展开更多
文摘面向第六代移动通信(Sixth generation of communication system,6G)网络全域立体覆盖与海量连接的需求,构建空天地一体化的高效传输体系已成为重要发展方向。然而,单一射频(Radio frequency,RF)或自由空间光(Free-space optical,FSO)通信技术均存在固有局限,难以独立满足未来网络对超高速率、超高可靠与广域动态接入的综合要求。在此背景下,融合RF与FSO通信的互补优势构建智能协同的空天地一体化光电融合传输网络成为突破现有技术瓶颈的关键路径。本文系统综述了该领域的国内外研究进展,针对空天地一体化网络特征构建了基于光电融合的认知软件定义网络体系架构,重点阐述了适用于空天地异构环境的RF信道与FSO信道建模方法,深入剖析了高动态链路精准对准、异构资源智能分配、极端环境鲁棒传输等核心挑战。进而,围绕光电融合波束跟踪、自适应光电切换、光电并行协同传输及场景化链路选择等关键技术进行了详细论述。最后,展望了智能算法深度赋能、跨域抗扰动传输增强以及效能综合优化等未来发展趋势。研究表明,光电融合技术能够有效提升空天地一体化网络的综合性能,但其走向规模化应用仍需在跨层协同机制、动态资源管控及系统级效能评估等方面持续深化研究。
文摘5G/5G-Advanced在持续提升关键性能指标方面被寄予厚望,需要在时延、可靠性、连接数密度与用户体验等方面实现进一步突破。传统以人工操作为主的管理模式在效率、准确性与成本等方面的局限日益凸显。相较于传统优化方法,人工智能技术凭借其预测性与前瞻性,推动网络管理由被动应对转向主动感知与自优化,实现从“监测-响应”到“预判-编排”的迁移。基于3GPP在无线电接入网(radio access network,RAN)智能化方向的关键技术与标准化路径,结合典型用例场景,分析了AI/ML模型管理、数据采集与交互机制。面向6G智能RAN,进一步提出“意图驱动的协作任务”这一新型架构理念,其关键是通过RAN对应用层信息的感知、任务级别的服务质量(quality of service,QoS)监控、动态组和资源管理等技术实现6G网络人机及碳硅生态系统的无缝交互。
基金derived from a research grant“Cybersecurity Research and Innovation Pioneers Grants Initiative”funded by The National Program for RDI in Cybersecurity(National Cybersecurity Authority)-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia-with grant number(CRPG-25-3168)supported by EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab,CCIS,Prince Sultan University.
文摘The growing developments in 5G and 6G wireless communications have revolutionized communications technologies,providing faster speeds with reduced latency and improved connectivity to users.However,it raises significant security challenges,including impersonation threats,data manipulation,distributed denial of service(DDoS)attacks,and privacy breaches.Traditional security measures are inadequate due to the decentralized and dynamic nature of next-generation networks.This survey provides a comprehensive review of how Federated Learning(FL),Blockchain,and Digital Twin(DT)technologies can collectively enhance the security of 5G and 6G systems.Blockchain offers decentralized,immutable,and transparent mechanisms for securing network transactions,while FL enables privacy-preserving collaborative learning without sharing raw data.Digital Twins create virtual replicas of network components,enabling real-time monitoring,anomaly detection,and predictive threat analysis.The survey examines major security issues in emerging wireless architectures and analyzes recent advancements that integrate FL,Blockchain,and DT to mitigate these threats.Additionally,it presents practical use cases,synthesizes key lessons learned,and identifies ongoing research challenges.Finally,the survey outlines future research directions to support the development of scalable,intelligent,and robust security frameworks for next-generation wireless networks.
文摘随着6G的快速发展,天地一体化信息网络成为实现全球无缝覆盖的关键。围绕6G天地一体化网络中的调制技术展开专利分析,重点研究了基于循环前缀(Cyclic Prefix,CP)/离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform,DFT)扩展的正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)、基于滤波器组/多带滤波的OFDM、正交啁啾分复用(Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing,OCDM)、正交时频空间(Orthogonal Time Frequency and Space,OTFS)和仿射频分复用(Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing,AFDM)这5种调制技术的专利申请趋势、技术热点及竞争格局。研究结果表明,2020年后6G调制技术专利申请量激增,中国在专利数量上占据主导地位,AFDM因其在高动态信道中的优异性能成为未来6G标准的有力候选。揭示了专利领域的技术空白,为后续研发和专利布局提供了战略参考。
文摘Objective:To investigate the correlation between the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)and the clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis and immune cell infiltration of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:The expression of G6PD in liver cancer tissues and normal tissues is extracted from TCGA and GEO databases,validated by immunohistochemistry,and the correlation between G6PD expression and clinical features is analyzed.The clinical significance of G6PD in liver cancer is assessed by Kaplan-Meier,Cox regression,and prognostic line graph models.Functional enrichment analysis is performed by protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,GO/KEGG,GSEA and for G6PD-associated differentially expressed genes(DEGs).TIMER and ssGSEA packages are used to assess the correlation between expression and the level of immune cell infiltration.Results:Analysis of TCGA and GEO datasets revealed that G6PD expression is significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues(P<0.001).G6PD expression is associated with histological grade,pathological stage,T-stage,vascular infiltration,and AFP level(P<0.05);HCC patients in the low G6PD expression group had longer overall survival and better prognosis compared with the high G6PD expression group(P<0.05).The level of G6PD expression affects the levels of macrophages,dendritic cells,B cells,and follicular helper T cells in the tumor microenvironment.Conclusion:High expression of G6PD is a potential biomarker for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma,and G6PD may be a target for immunotherapy of HCC.
文摘随着新一轮科技与产业变革,新型信息技术不断涌现,其中6G就是一个代表。从6G网络的特征入手,提出空天地海一体化6G网络架构,并详细阐述相应的关键技术,包括数字孪生技术、网络建模技术、通信感知一体化(Integrated Sensing And Communication,ISAC)技术、空间复用技术以及反向散射技术。该研究可为6G网络的发展提供参考,助力建立完善的技术体系。
