An induced polyploid plant through colchicine treatment offers probably the best scope for improvement in flower size and fruit weight.Thus,in the present study,an attempt was made to induce polyploidy in Cape goosebe...An induced polyploid plant through colchicine treatment offers probably the best scope for improvement in flower size and fruit weight.Thus,in the present study,an attempt was made to induce polyploidy in Cape gooseberry using colchicine with the objective of creating more genetic variability.The colchicine concentrations were used as 0.10%(C1),0.20%(C2)and 0.40%(C3)for the duration 12(H1),24(H2)and 36(H3)hours for each concentration with seedling apex dip method(M1),cotton plug method(M2)and lanolin paste method(M3).The plants treated with 0.10%of colchicine by cotton plug method for 12 h showed the better performance during the years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in respect of more delay in the flower bud emergence(54 d and 53 d from the date of transplanting),anthesis(19 d and 20 d from the first appearance of bud to full anthesis of flower)and fruit setting(8.00 d and 9.00 d from the date of anthesis),bigger flower size(2.93 cm2 and 3.00 cm2)than the untreated plants.The lower percentage of pollen viability(40.33%and 40.67%)was noticed in the same treatment in comparison to control(70.33%and 72.33%).The fruit maturity was also extended(59 d and 60 d from the date of fruit set)with bigger sized fruits(length:2.53 cm and 2.57 cm,breadth:2.27 cm and 2.33 cm)as well as more fruit weight(8.70 g and 8.33 g)by the application of colchicine at 0.10%with cotton plug method for 12 h.On the basis of results obtained,the application of colchicine at 0.10%for 12 h duration with cotton plug method was found to be the best and effective treatment for induction of polyploidy as well as more flower size and fruit weight in Cape gooseberry.展开更多
Introgression lines are convenient populations for the identification fine-mapping and functional analysis of genes that are responsible for variations in traits, particularly quantitative trait genes. An introgressio...Introgression lines are convenient populations for the identification fine-mapping and functional analysis of genes that are responsible for variations in traits, particularly quantitative trait genes. An introgression line population of Solanum pennellii LA0716 in a fresh market tomato inbred line 1052 was developed by our group. This population was composed of 214 lines. In the present study, fi e quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for fruit weight, two QTLs for soluble solids content(SSC), three QTLs for plant height, and one QTL for leaf size were identifie using this introgression line population. Among these, fw3 a and fw4 a for fruit weight, ssc7 a for SSC, h4t2 a, h4t3 a, and h4t7 a for plant height, and lz12 a for leaf size were determined to be novel loci. These results serve as a foundation for fine-mappin and functional analysis of genes underlying these QTLs.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to verify the genetic mechanism of weight per fruit and fruit length in bitter gourd and to provide guidance for formulating breeding strategy.[Methods]In this study,a cross was made between ...[Objectives]The paper was to verify the genetic mechanism of weight per fruit and fruit length in bitter gourd and to provide guidance for formulating breeding strategy.[Methods]In this study,a cross was made between CN19-1 and Thai4-6,and a Fsegregation population was also constructed.The genetic characteristics of weight per fruit and fruit length were analyzed by employing major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model.[Results]The weight per fruit and fruit length showed continuous distribution in Fsegregation population.The optimal model for weight per fruit and fruit length was the same(A-1 model).The major gene additive effect value of weight per fruit was 46.1474,the dominant effect value was-46.1005,and the major gene heritability was 52.47%.The major gene additive effect value of fruit length was 2.456,the dominant effect value was-2.455,and the major gene heritability was 52.52%.The results showed that weight per fruit and fruit length were mainly controlled by a pair of major genes.[Conclusions]This study can provide a theoretical basis for bitter gourd breeding.展开更多
Background'.Increased physical activity and fruit and vegetable(FV)intake are typically suggested to counter obesity.Sustained behavior change in those areas has,however,been poor,possibly because of a lack of und...Background'.Increased physical activity and fruit and vegetable(FV)intake are typically suggested to counter obesity.Sustained behavior change in those areas has,however,been poor,possibly because of a lack of understanding of the effects of psychosocial factors.Using data from previous research,this study aimed to better define the role of physical activity and FV intake in short;and long-term weight loss via changes in malleable psychosocial mediators and moderators.Methods:Women who were obese(n=183;age=50.0±7.9 years;body mass index=35.2±3.2 kg/m2,mean±SD)and who previously participated in 3 different community-based behavioral weight-loss treatments were assessed over 2 years.Changes in FV intake,physical activity,sei^regulation of physical activity and eating(aggregated),negative mood,and weight were measured over 6 and 24 months.Results'.Changes in each variable over both 6 and 24 months were significant(all p values<0.001).The FV intake to the weight-related caloric intake relationship(β=.0.30,p<0.001)was significantly mediated by selfregulation change over 6 months.The physical activity to weightchange relationship(β=.0.46,p<0.001)was significantly mediated by both sei±regulation and mood change over 24 months.Physical activity,itself,accounted for only 16%of weight-related caloric expenditure differences.Changes in physical activity and FV intake were each independent predictors of weight change over 24 months(overall R2=0.50,p<0.001).Conclusion-.Findings clarified theory-based targets for weight-management treatments and suggested that future weight-loss treatments strongly focus on developing self-regulatory skills to address barriers to behavioral changes.展开更多
The objective of the present study was to identify dietary parameters for predicting body weight change (ΔBW) in Mexican-born women (Mexicans) following immigration to Quebec City, Canada. Methods: Changes in fruit (...The objective of the present study was to identify dietary parameters for predicting body weight change (ΔBW) in Mexican-born women (Mexicans) following immigration to Quebec City, Canada. Methods: Changes in fruit (ΔF), vegetable (ΔV), fruit and vegetable (ΔFV), and fat (ΔFat) intake were assessed according to post-immigration periods (1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-20 years) using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measures were also conducted in 87 Mexicans (study group) and 88 native-born Quebecers (comparison group) aged 18-65 years. Associations were calculated using full and partial robust regression models adjusting for potential confounders (origin, education, income, age, length of residence in Quebec City). Results: There was no difference in ΔBW between the groups. Body weight (BW) increased significantly in both Mexican (5.5 ± 0.9 kg, P < 0.0001) and Quebec women (4.7 ± 0.8 kg, P < 0.0001). ΔBW was positively correlated with ΔFat (β = 0.03, P = 0.003), but not correlated with origin, ΔF, or ΔV. ΔBW was negatively associated with education (β = –4.33, P = 0.007) and positively associated with length of residence (β = 0.3, P = 0.003). Partial models indicated ΔF (β = –1.35, P β = –1.04, P = 0.0001), and ΔFV (β = –2.27, P < 0.0001) were associated with origin, whereas net annual household income (β = 0.16, P = 0.04) was positively associated with ΔFat. Conclusions: Change in body weight could be predicted by length of residence, education, and change in fat intake in Mexican immigrant women and native-born Quebecers whereas changes in fruit and vegetable intakes could be predicted by Mexican or Quebec origin.展开更多
There is a deficiency of nurseries in the world producing fruit trees using the organic material management. However, such material has been produced since 2009 at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewic...There is a deficiency of nurseries in the world producing fruit trees using the organic material management. However, such material has been produced since 2009 at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. To stimulate plant growth, various biopreparations were applied in an organic nursery. Apple trees （＇Topaz＇/M26） obtained from the organic nursery were used to establish an orchard in 2011. One of the combinations in the orchard consisted of trees produced in a conventional nursery. Trees whose maidens had not been fertilized at all in the organic nursery served as the control. The study was conducted for four years （2011-2014）. The least vigorously growing trees were the control trees and those that had been treated in the nursery with the preparation Tytanit, and the most vigorously--those that had been treated there with manure and the biopreparations Micosat, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM, and BF Quality and BF Amin. Trees whose maidens had been produced by the conventional method did not differ, in terms of growth vigour, from those treated with the biopreparations Humus UP or Vinassa. The highest cumulative fruit yields from the four-year-old trees were obtained in the combinations where the maidens had been treated in the nursery with the biopreparations BF Amin and BF Quality. The type of fertilization applied to maiden trees in the nursery had no significant effect on mean fruit weight, but it influenced the distribution of fruit in size classes.展开更多
This study investigated the relationships between fruit size and other fruit quality components in “Fuyu” persimmon. The flower buds were thinned to leave one or two buds per bearing shoot in mid-May. All fruits wer...This study investigated the relationships between fruit size and other fruit quality components in “Fuyu” persimmon. The flower buds were thinned to leave one or two buds per bearing shoot in mid-May. All fruits were harvested on November 12 and they were divided into six size classes by fresh weight. The length/diameter (L/D) ratio and flesh firmness significantly decreased as fruit size increased. Large fruits had a redder skin color with more seeds than small ones. There was a strong negative relationship between fruit size and the L/D ratio (R2 = 0.741, p ≤ 0.01) and firmness (R2 = 0.604, p ≤ 0.01). Skin color and number of seeds per fruit were positively related to fruit size, especially skin color where the relationship was highly positive (R2 = 0.771, p ≤ 0.01). There was a weak, but non-significant positive relation between fruit size and soluble solids. P, K, and Ca concentrations significantly decreased with increasing fruit size. Highly negative relationships were found between fruit size and fruit P (R2 = 0.393, p ≤ 0.01), K (R2 = 0.446, p ≤ 0.01), and Ca (R2 = 0.417, p ≤ 0.01) concentrations. Fruit N and Mg concentrations were not affected by fruit size. It was concluded that fruit size is related to shape, coloration, flesh firmness, and number of seeds per fruit, affecting concentrations of some mineral nutrients in fruits.展开更多
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a promising fruit crop gaining popularity for its human nutrition and economic importance in Nepal. The qualitative losses during pre-harvest stage hinder the productivity and su...Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a promising fruit crop gaining popularity for its human nutrition and economic importance in Nepal. The qualitative losses during pre-harvest stage hinder the productivity and subsequently shorten the on-tree storability. An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of gibberellic acid on quality and shelf life of the mandarin fruit. GA<sub>3</sub> at 10, 20, and 30 ppm as against of control were evaluated. Observations on fruit weight (g), fruit firmness (kg/cm<sup>2</sup>), rind colour (1 - 5 index), juice recovery (%), TSS/acid ratio, PLW (%), decay loss (%), and ascorbic acid (mg/100 ml) were recorded at three harvesting dates i.e. 20 Nov, 5 Dec, and 20 Dec and storage condition. It has been revealed that the fruits treated with GA<sub>3</sub> at 20 ppm retained higher fruit weight (128.6 g), more firmness (3.54 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>), better juice recovery (57.75%), and greater TSS/acid ratio (21.24) at the end of study (20 December). The PLW was found less with GA<sub>3</sub> at 30 ppm in both ambient (5.17%) and cellar (6.69%) condition as against untreated fruits (9.52% and 11.76%). Similarly, the decay loss was minimum in the fruits treated with GA<sub>3</sub> at 30 ppm both with ambient (1.02%) and cellar condition (8.21%) as against control with ambient (5.54%) and cellar (21.58%).展开更多
文摘An induced polyploid plant through colchicine treatment offers probably the best scope for improvement in flower size and fruit weight.Thus,in the present study,an attempt was made to induce polyploidy in Cape gooseberry using colchicine with the objective of creating more genetic variability.The colchicine concentrations were used as 0.10%(C1),0.20%(C2)and 0.40%(C3)for the duration 12(H1),24(H2)and 36(H3)hours for each concentration with seedling apex dip method(M1),cotton plug method(M2)and lanolin paste method(M3).The plants treated with 0.10%of colchicine by cotton plug method for 12 h showed the better performance during the years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in respect of more delay in the flower bud emergence(54 d and 53 d from the date of transplanting),anthesis(19 d and 20 d from the first appearance of bud to full anthesis of flower)and fruit setting(8.00 d and 9.00 d from the date of anthesis),bigger flower size(2.93 cm2 and 3.00 cm2)than the untreated plants.The lower percentage of pollen viability(40.33%and 40.67%)was noticed in the same treatment in comparison to control(70.33%and 72.33%).The fruit maturity was also extended(59 d and 60 d from the date of fruit set)with bigger sized fruits(length:2.53 cm and 2.57 cm,breadth:2.27 cm and 2.33 cm)as well as more fruit weight(8.70 g and 8.33 g)by the application of colchicine at 0.10%with cotton plug method for 12 h.On the basis of results obtained,the application of colchicine at 0.10%for 12 h duration with cotton plug method was found to be the best and effective treatment for induction of polyploidy as well as more flower size and fruit weight in Cape gooseberry.
基金The National High-Tech Research Development Program in China(863 Program2012AA100105)+1 种基金the National Sci-tech Support Plan(2012BAD02B02)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)
文摘Introgression lines are convenient populations for the identification fine-mapping and functional analysis of genes that are responsible for variations in traits, particularly quantitative trait genes. An introgression line population of Solanum pennellii LA0716 in a fresh market tomato inbred line 1052 was developed by our group. This population was composed of 214 lines. In the present study, fi e quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for fruit weight, two QTLs for soluble solids content(SSC), three QTLs for plant height, and one QTL for leaf size were identifie using this introgression line population. Among these, fw3 a and fw4 a for fruit weight, ssc7 a for SSC, h4t2 a, h4t3 a, and h4t7 a for plant height, and lz12 a for leaf size were determined to be novel loci. These results serve as a foundation for fine-mappin and functional analysis of genes underlying these QTLs.
基金Hainan Science and Technology Project(ZDYF2020229,ZDKJ2021010)Scientific Research Program of Hainan Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology and Hainan Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops[HNZDSYS(YY)-03]。
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to verify the genetic mechanism of weight per fruit and fruit length in bitter gourd and to provide guidance for formulating breeding strategy.[Methods]In this study,a cross was made between CN19-1 and Thai4-6,and a Fsegregation population was also constructed.The genetic characteristics of weight per fruit and fruit length were analyzed by employing major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model.[Results]The weight per fruit and fruit length showed continuous distribution in Fsegregation population.The optimal model for weight per fruit and fruit length was the same(A-1 model).The major gene additive effect value of weight per fruit was 46.1474,the dominant effect value was-46.1005,and the major gene heritability was 52.47%.The major gene additive effect value of fruit length was 2.456,the dominant effect value was-2.455,and the major gene heritability was 52.52%.The results showed that weight per fruit and fruit length were mainly controlled by a pair of major genes.[Conclusions]This study can provide a theoretical basis for bitter gourd breeding.
基金funded in part by the Thrivent Foundation Let’s Get Healthy grant
文摘Background'.Increased physical activity and fruit and vegetable(FV)intake are typically suggested to counter obesity.Sustained behavior change in those areas has,however,been poor,possibly because of a lack of understanding of the effects of psychosocial factors.Using data from previous research,this study aimed to better define the role of physical activity and FV intake in short;and long-term weight loss via changes in malleable psychosocial mediators and moderators.Methods:Women who were obese(n=183;age=50.0±7.9 years;body mass index=35.2±3.2 kg/m2,mean±SD)and who previously participated in 3 different community-based behavioral weight-loss treatments were assessed over 2 years.Changes in FV intake,physical activity,sei^regulation of physical activity and eating(aggregated),negative mood,and weight were measured over 6 and 24 months.Results'.Changes in each variable over both 6 and 24 months were significant(all p values<0.001).The FV intake to the weight-related caloric intake relationship(β=.0.30,p<0.001)was significantly mediated by selfregulation change over 6 months.The physical activity to weightchange relationship(β=.0.46,p<0.001)was significantly mediated by both sei±regulation and mood change over 24 months.Physical activity,itself,accounted for only 16%of weight-related caloric expenditure differences.Changes in physical activity and FV intake were each independent predictors of weight change over 24 months(overall R2=0.50,p<0.001).Conclusion-.Findings clarified theory-based targets for weight-management treatments and suggested that future weight-loss treatments strongly focus on developing self-regulatory skills to address barriers to behavioral changes.
文摘The objective of the present study was to identify dietary parameters for predicting body weight change (ΔBW) in Mexican-born women (Mexicans) following immigration to Quebec City, Canada. Methods: Changes in fruit (ΔF), vegetable (ΔV), fruit and vegetable (ΔFV), and fat (ΔFat) intake were assessed according to post-immigration periods (1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-20 years) using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measures were also conducted in 87 Mexicans (study group) and 88 native-born Quebecers (comparison group) aged 18-65 years. Associations were calculated using full and partial robust regression models adjusting for potential confounders (origin, education, income, age, length of residence in Quebec City). Results: There was no difference in ΔBW between the groups. Body weight (BW) increased significantly in both Mexican (5.5 ± 0.9 kg, P < 0.0001) and Quebec women (4.7 ± 0.8 kg, P < 0.0001). ΔBW was positively correlated with ΔFat (β = 0.03, P = 0.003), but not correlated with origin, ΔF, or ΔV. ΔBW was negatively associated with education (β = –4.33, P = 0.007) and positively associated with length of residence (β = 0.3, P = 0.003). Partial models indicated ΔF (β = –1.35, P β = –1.04, P = 0.0001), and ΔFV (β = –2.27, P < 0.0001) were associated with origin, whereas net annual household income (β = 0.16, P = 0.04) was positively associated with ΔFat. Conclusions: Change in body weight could be predicted by length of residence, education, and change in fat intake in Mexican immigrant women and native-born Quebecers whereas changes in fruit and vegetable intakes could be predicted by Mexican or Quebec origin.
文摘There is a deficiency of nurseries in the world producing fruit trees using the organic material management. However, such material has been produced since 2009 at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. To stimulate plant growth, various biopreparations were applied in an organic nursery. Apple trees （＇Topaz＇/M26） obtained from the organic nursery were used to establish an orchard in 2011. One of the combinations in the orchard consisted of trees produced in a conventional nursery. Trees whose maidens had not been fertilized at all in the organic nursery served as the control. The study was conducted for four years （2011-2014）. The least vigorously growing trees were the control trees and those that had been treated in the nursery with the preparation Tytanit, and the most vigorously--those that had been treated there with manure and the biopreparations Micosat, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM, and BF Quality and BF Amin. Trees whose maidens had been produced by the conventional method did not differ, in terms of growth vigour, from those treated with the biopreparations Humus UP or Vinassa. The highest cumulative fruit yields from the four-year-old trees were obtained in the combinations where the maidens had been treated in the nursery with the biopreparations BF Amin and BF Quality. The type of fertilization applied to maiden trees in the nursery had no significant effect on mean fruit weight, but it influenced the distribution of fruit in size classes.
文摘This study investigated the relationships between fruit size and other fruit quality components in “Fuyu” persimmon. The flower buds were thinned to leave one or two buds per bearing shoot in mid-May. All fruits were harvested on November 12 and they were divided into six size classes by fresh weight. The length/diameter (L/D) ratio and flesh firmness significantly decreased as fruit size increased. Large fruits had a redder skin color with more seeds than small ones. There was a strong negative relationship between fruit size and the L/D ratio (R2 = 0.741, p ≤ 0.01) and firmness (R2 = 0.604, p ≤ 0.01). Skin color and number of seeds per fruit were positively related to fruit size, especially skin color where the relationship was highly positive (R2 = 0.771, p ≤ 0.01). There was a weak, but non-significant positive relation between fruit size and soluble solids. P, K, and Ca concentrations significantly decreased with increasing fruit size. Highly negative relationships were found between fruit size and fruit P (R2 = 0.393, p ≤ 0.01), K (R2 = 0.446, p ≤ 0.01), and Ca (R2 = 0.417, p ≤ 0.01) concentrations. Fruit N and Mg concentrations were not affected by fruit size. It was concluded that fruit size is related to shape, coloration, flesh firmness, and number of seeds per fruit, affecting concentrations of some mineral nutrients in fruits.
文摘Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a promising fruit crop gaining popularity for its human nutrition and economic importance in Nepal. The qualitative losses during pre-harvest stage hinder the productivity and subsequently shorten the on-tree storability. An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of gibberellic acid on quality and shelf life of the mandarin fruit. GA<sub>3</sub> at 10, 20, and 30 ppm as against of control were evaluated. Observations on fruit weight (g), fruit firmness (kg/cm<sup>2</sup>), rind colour (1 - 5 index), juice recovery (%), TSS/acid ratio, PLW (%), decay loss (%), and ascorbic acid (mg/100 ml) were recorded at three harvesting dates i.e. 20 Nov, 5 Dec, and 20 Dec and storage condition. It has been revealed that the fruits treated with GA<sub>3</sub> at 20 ppm retained higher fruit weight (128.6 g), more firmness (3.54 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>), better juice recovery (57.75%), and greater TSS/acid ratio (21.24) at the end of study (20 December). The PLW was found less with GA<sub>3</sub> at 30 ppm in both ambient (5.17%) and cellar (6.69%) condition as against untreated fruits (9.52% and 11.76%). Similarly, the decay loss was minimum in the fruits treated with GA<sub>3</sub> at 30 ppm both with ambient (1.02%) and cellar condition (8.21%) as against control with ambient (5.54%) and cellar (21.58%).
