In order to study the application effect of microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed application on microirrigation apple, three types of fertilizers were applied in spring which were urea（CK, 15 kg/plant）...In order to study the application effect of microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed application on microirrigation apple, three types of fertilizers were applied in spring which were urea（CK, 15 kg/plant）, microbial fertilizer（5.0 kg/plant）,microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed（each 2.5 kg/plant） to study the effect of different fertilizer treatments on yield, fruit quality, flowering and fruit setting of Xinshijie apple. The results showed that application of microbial fertilizer could increase the yield, fruit weight and fruit shape index, significantly increase the flowering rates and inflorescence fruit setting rate of following year, while reduce the fruit hardness and soluble solids content, and the effect of microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed application on increasing fruit weight and yield was higher than that of microbial fertilizer separate application, the effect of the two was not obvious in other aspects. Therefore, microbial fertilizer could be used instead of some chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer in apple production to reach the aim of increasing yield and efficiency, and the effect of microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed application was best.展开更多
In fruit production,the application of the plant growth regulator 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea(CPPU)dulls the fruit aroma.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and transcriptome analyses were performed on CPPU-t...In fruit production,the application of the plant growth regulator 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea(CPPU)dulls the fruit aroma.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and transcriptome analyses were performed on CPPU-treated and pollinated fruits to determine how CPPU affects the production of aroma in melon fruit.The results showed that the contents of two important esters(benzyl acetate and phenethyl acetate)in the CPPU-treated fruits were significantly lower than those in the pollinated fruits.Transcriptome sequencing data revealed that most differentially expressed genes were involved in“phenylalanine metabolism”pathway,and their expression was significantly decreased in the CPPU-treated fruits.Further analysis showed that the phenylalanine content in the CPPU-treated fruits was significantly higher than that in the pollinated fruits.In summary,CPPU application interferes with phenylalanine metabolism in melon fruits and affects the production of aromatic esters.展开更多
To improve fruit set in ＂Carmel＂ almond （Prunus dulcis） trees grown in the 6th region of Chile, seven different growth regulators （GRs） were sprayed onto flowering branches： gibberellic acid （GA3）, Promalin, ...To improve fruit set in ＂Carmel＂ almond （Prunus dulcis） trees grown in the 6th region of Chile, seven different growth regulators （GRs） were sprayed onto flowering branches： gibberellic acid （GA3）, Promalin, naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA）, Thidiazuron, Kinetin, Point-tomatomone and Brassinolide. The percentage of fruit set was determined by comparing the initial number of flowers present on each treated branch with the total number of almonds on the branches 50 days after anthesis. In comparison to the controls, Brassinolide, Point-tomatomone and Promalin achieved increases in fruit set of 19.4%, 14.5% and 12.9%, respectively. A parallel experiment was done in vitro, on the effects of these GRs on pollen germination and pollen tube growth. The greatest pollen germination （4 hours at 20 ~C） occurred with Brassinolide and GA3, which were significantly higher than the control, while NAA and Promalin significantly reduced germination. For pollen tube growth （24 hours at 20 ~C）, the greatest lengths were observed with Point-tomatomone and Brassinolide, which were significantly longer than the control, while NAA, Thidiazuron and Promalin were significantly shorter than the control, and the least growth was observed with Kinetin.展开更多
The almond （Prunus dulcis） is a self-incompatible species that requires various orchard management techniques to encourage pollination and achieve a good fruit set. Fungicides are commonly applied to almond flowers ...The almond （Prunus dulcis） is a self-incompatible species that requires various orchard management techniques to encourage pollination and achieve a good fruit set. Fungicides are commonly applied to almond flowers to control fungaI infections, such as ＂blossom blight＂ and ＇brown rot＂ that damage the flowers and developing fruits. However there is evidence that the application of some of these products may adversely affect pollination and fruit set. The effects of the fungicides captan, chlorothalonyl, propiconazole, mancozeb and dichloran on fruit set were studied in an orchard using ＂Nonpareil＂ and ＂Carmel＂ almond trees. The effects on in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube elongation were studied using ＂Carmel＂ pollen. With respect to Non Pareil fruit set, all fungicidal treatments were statistically similar to the control （11.5%） but being propiconazole （13.1%） and chlorotalonil （5.6%） different between them. Fruit set for ＂Carmel＂ was significantly lower than the control （26.1%） with all fungicidal treatments. After 24 hours, in vitro ＂Carmel＂ pollen germination was significantly higher in the control （90.5%） compared with the fungicidal treatments, with the exception of chlorothalonyl （70.2%）. Pollen tube growth in the control was four times greater than in the fungicide treatments at 24 hours, none of which were significantly different from the other treatments. It can be concluded that the application of certain fungicides has a clearly detrimental effect on fruit set in ＂Nonpareil＂ and ＂Carmel＂ almond trees and on ＂Carmel＂ pollen activity.展开更多
Passion fruit has great prospective to fascinate fruit consumer for its taste and delicious fruit juice and improvement of the economic condition of the fruit grower in the developing countries. The self-incompatibili...Passion fruit has great prospective to fascinate fruit consumer for its taste and delicious fruit juice and improvement of the economic condition of the fruit grower in the developing countries. The self-incompatibility in the passion fruits is an imperative reason to be considered regarding fruit production. Pollination is an essential for self-sterile crops as passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.). The experiment was conducted in the field and laboratories of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh to investigate the fruit setting behavior of passion fruits at during five flashes. We estimated to study fruit setting behavior of passion fruit at different flashes and determine effective pollination method and suitable flashes among five flashes. Result revealed that percent of fruit set of passion fruit was recorded highest;Seeds per plant were recorded highest in third flash when flowers were pollinated by hand compared with self-, and natural pollinations. Length-breadth ratios of fruits in third flashes were recorded higher when pollinates by hand. Individual fruit weight was also recorded higher at third flash. Plants required minimum days from flower anthesis to full maturity during third flash. On the other hand, fruit growth behavior of hand pollinated flowers was recorded higher during third flash of passion fruit. Results indicated that all studied characteristics of fruit and seed of passion fruit of third flash performed best.展开更多
Zuili plum （Prunus salicina L.） trees usually set fruit poorly, although they produce high quality fruit. To elucidate the causes of the poor fruit set, pollen tube growth into pistils and fruit set percentage were ...Zuili plum （Prunus salicina L.） trees usually set fruit poorly, although they produce high quality fruit. To elucidate the causes of the poor fruit set, pollen tube growth into pistils and fruit set percentage were investigated after cross-, self- and open-pollination. Ovule development in Zuili pistils was also investigated. Pollen tube penetration into the ovules via the obturator and micropyle was best when Zuili pistils were pollinated by cv. Black Amber （P. domestica） pollen grains, although cross-pollinations with Hongxinli and Miili （P. salicina） pollen were more effective than self- and open-pollination. The fruit set percentage was also highest in pistils pollinated with Black Amber pollen grains. Morphological observation of Zuili pistils revealed that the trees produce ＂double pistils＂, developing two ovaries from a basal pistil, at a rate as high as 28%. In such abnormal pistils, most ovules were lacking an embryo sac or were entirely degenerated. The percentage of normally developed ovules was 24.3% and 8.9% in normal and double pistils, respectively. From these results, we conclude that the main causes of poor fruit set of Zuili plums are a lack of effective cross-pollination and the production of high percentages of double pistils in which normally developed ovules are scarcely formed.展开更多
Newly planted apple orchards in the USA comprising the highly biennial cultivar, “Honeycrisp”, are prone to flower within the first two years from planting and set fruit. These processes limit canopy development and...Newly planted apple orchards in the USA comprising the highly biennial cultivar, “Honeycrisp”, are prone to flower within the first two years from planting and set fruit. These processes limit canopy development and subsequent yield potential. GA4 + 7 can inhibit floral formation processes of apples. The timing and dose for eliminating return bloom of young “Honeycrisp” trees, however, is unclear. A factorial experimental design to test GA4 + 7 application timing and rate produced significant reductions in return bloom for both factors and their interaction. Treatment responses demonstrated that florigenic processes in “Honeycrisp” occurred early. The most pronounced reduction in return bloom followed the 2-week after full bloom (WAFB) application timing, increasing with increasing rate. The effect on return bloom was progressively diminished over the next two weeks of applications but remained significantly lower than the control. Three successive applications timed one week apart eliminated return bloom of spurs at the highest rate. Both factors and their interaction also significantly reduced return bloom of terminal buds of leaders;in contrast to floral buds on spurs, the response of terminal buds on leaders improved with delayed application timings. Timing exerted a stronger effect than rate on return flowering of the terminal buds of leaders. Leader growth was positively affected by GA4 + 7, the year of application, when three successive applications were made. Tree height, overall growth, expressed as the increase in trunk cross-sectional area, and limb number were also significantly improved by GA4 + 7 but varied in their responses to application timing and rate, and were inconsistent. Overall, successive applications of GA4 + 7 had good efficacy for inhibiting floral initiation of meristems on spurs and terminals while improving the vegetative growth of young “Honeycrisp” trees.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303133-1-4)The Doctoral Program of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences~~
文摘In order to study the application effect of microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed application on microirrigation apple, three types of fertilizers were applied in spring which were urea（CK, 15 kg/plant）, microbial fertilizer（5.0 kg/plant）,microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed（each 2.5 kg/plant） to study the effect of different fertilizer treatments on yield, fruit quality, flowering and fruit setting of Xinshijie apple. The results showed that application of microbial fertilizer could increase the yield, fruit weight and fruit shape index, significantly increase the flowering rates and inflorescence fruit setting rate of following year, while reduce the fruit hardness and soluble solids content, and the effect of microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed application on increasing fruit weight and yield was higher than that of microbial fertilizer separate application, the effect of the two was not obvious in other aspects. Therefore, microbial fertilizer could be used instead of some chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer in apple production to reach the aim of increasing yield and efficiency, and the effect of microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed application was best.
基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-25)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201203080)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2662018PY039)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2019CFA017).
文摘In fruit production,the application of the plant growth regulator 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea(CPPU)dulls the fruit aroma.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and transcriptome analyses were performed on CPPU-treated and pollinated fruits to determine how CPPU affects the production of aroma in melon fruit.The results showed that the contents of two important esters(benzyl acetate and phenethyl acetate)in the CPPU-treated fruits were significantly lower than those in the pollinated fruits.Transcriptome sequencing data revealed that most differentially expressed genes were involved in“phenylalanine metabolism”pathway,and their expression was significantly decreased in the CPPU-treated fruits.Further analysis showed that the phenylalanine content in the CPPU-treated fruits was significantly higher than that in the pollinated fruits.In summary,CPPU application interferes with phenylalanine metabolism in melon fruits and affects the production of aromatic esters.
文摘To improve fruit set in ＂Carmel＂ almond （Prunus dulcis） trees grown in the 6th region of Chile, seven different growth regulators （GRs） were sprayed onto flowering branches： gibberellic acid （GA3）, Promalin, naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA）, Thidiazuron, Kinetin, Point-tomatomone and Brassinolide. The percentage of fruit set was determined by comparing the initial number of flowers present on each treated branch with the total number of almonds on the branches 50 days after anthesis. In comparison to the controls, Brassinolide, Point-tomatomone and Promalin achieved increases in fruit set of 19.4%, 14.5% and 12.9%, respectively. A parallel experiment was done in vitro, on the effects of these GRs on pollen germination and pollen tube growth. The greatest pollen germination （4 hours at 20 ~C） occurred with Brassinolide and GA3, which were significantly higher than the control, while NAA and Promalin significantly reduced germination. For pollen tube growth （24 hours at 20 ~C）, the greatest lengths were observed with Point-tomatomone and Brassinolide, which were significantly longer than the control, while NAA, Thidiazuron and Promalin were significantly shorter than the control, and the least growth was observed with Kinetin.
文摘The almond （Prunus dulcis） is a self-incompatible species that requires various orchard management techniques to encourage pollination and achieve a good fruit set. Fungicides are commonly applied to almond flowers to control fungaI infections, such as ＂blossom blight＂ and ＇brown rot＂ that damage the flowers and developing fruits. However there is evidence that the application of some of these products may adversely affect pollination and fruit set. The effects of the fungicides captan, chlorothalonyl, propiconazole, mancozeb and dichloran on fruit set were studied in an orchard using ＂Nonpareil＂ and ＂Carmel＂ almond trees. The effects on in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube elongation were studied using ＂Carmel＂ pollen. With respect to Non Pareil fruit set, all fungicidal treatments were statistically similar to the control （11.5%） but being propiconazole （13.1%） and chlorotalonil （5.6%） different between them. Fruit set for ＂Carmel＂ was significantly lower than the control （26.1%） with all fungicidal treatments. After 24 hours, in vitro ＂Carmel＂ pollen germination was significantly higher in the control （90.5%） compared with the fungicidal treatments, with the exception of chlorothalonyl （70.2%）. Pollen tube growth in the control was four times greater than in the fungicide treatments at 24 hours, none of which were significantly different from the other treatments. It can be concluded that the application of certain fungicides has a clearly detrimental effect on fruit set in ＂Nonpareil＂ and ＂Carmel＂ almond trees and on ＂Carmel＂ pollen activity.
文摘Passion fruit has great prospective to fascinate fruit consumer for its taste and delicious fruit juice and improvement of the economic condition of the fruit grower in the developing countries. The self-incompatibility in the passion fruits is an imperative reason to be considered regarding fruit production. Pollination is an essential for self-sterile crops as passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.). The experiment was conducted in the field and laboratories of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh to investigate the fruit setting behavior of passion fruits at during five flashes. We estimated to study fruit setting behavior of passion fruit at different flashes and determine effective pollination method and suitable flashes among five flashes. Result revealed that percent of fruit set of passion fruit was recorded highest;Seeds per plant were recorded highest in third flash when flowers were pollinated by hand compared with self-, and natural pollinations. Length-breadth ratios of fruits in third flashes were recorded higher when pollinates by hand. Individual fruit weight was also recorded higher at third flash. Plants required minimum days from flower anthesis to full maturity during third flash. On the other hand, fruit growth behavior of hand pollinated flowers was recorded higher during third flash of passion fruit. Results indicated that all studied characteristics of fruit and seed of passion fruit of third flash performed best.
文摘Zuili plum （Prunus salicina L.） trees usually set fruit poorly, although they produce high quality fruit. To elucidate the causes of the poor fruit set, pollen tube growth into pistils and fruit set percentage were investigated after cross-, self- and open-pollination. Ovule development in Zuili pistils was also investigated. Pollen tube penetration into the ovules via the obturator and micropyle was best when Zuili pistils were pollinated by cv. Black Amber （P. domestica） pollen grains, although cross-pollinations with Hongxinli and Miili （P. salicina） pollen were more effective than self- and open-pollination. The fruit set percentage was also highest in pistils pollinated with Black Amber pollen grains. Morphological observation of Zuili pistils revealed that the trees produce ＂double pistils＂, developing two ovaries from a basal pistil, at a rate as high as 28%. In such abnormal pistils, most ovules were lacking an embryo sac or were entirely degenerated. The percentage of normally developed ovules was 24.3% and 8.9% in normal and double pistils, respectively. From these results, we conclude that the main causes of poor fruit set of Zuili plums are a lack of effective cross-pollination and the production of high percentages of double pistils in which normally developed ovules are scarcely formed.
文摘Newly planted apple orchards in the USA comprising the highly biennial cultivar, “Honeycrisp”, are prone to flower within the first two years from planting and set fruit. These processes limit canopy development and subsequent yield potential. GA4 + 7 can inhibit floral formation processes of apples. The timing and dose for eliminating return bloom of young “Honeycrisp” trees, however, is unclear. A factorial experimental design to test GA4 + 7 application timing and rate produced significant reductions in return bloom for both factors and their interaction. Treatment responses demonstrated that florigenic processes in “Honeycrisp” occurred early. The most pronounced reduction in return bloom followed the 2-week after full bloom (WAFB) application timing, increasing with increasing rate. The effect on return bloom was progressively diminished over the next two weeks of applications but remained significantly lower than the control. Three successive applications timed one week apart eliminated return bloom of spurs at the highest rate. Both factors and their interaction also significantly reduced return bloom of terminal buds of leaders;in contrast to floral buds on spurs, the response of terminal buds on leaders improved with delayed application timings. Timing exerted a stronger effect than rate on return flowering of the terminal buds of leaders. Leader growth was positively affected by GA4 + 7, the year of application, when three successive applications were made. Tree height, overall growth, expressed as the increase in trunk cross-sectional area, and limb number were also significantly improved by GA4 + 7 but varied in their responses to application timing and rate, and were inconsistent. Overall, successive applications of GA4 + 7 had good efficacy for inhibiting floral initiation of meristems on spurs and terminals while improving the vegetative growth of young “Honeycrisp” trees.
