Nanoplastics and antibiotics are among the most abundant chemical pollutants of soils,but their interplay with global warming remains poorly understood.The springtail Folsomia candida(Class Collembola)is a standard mo...Nanoplastics and antibiotics are among the most abundant chemical pollutants of soils,but their interplay with global warming remains poorly understood.The springtail Folsomia candida(Class Collembola)is a standard model for ecotoxicological assays with potential as a bioindicator of xenobiotics.Little is known,however,about their gut microbiome and how it might respond to warming and these pollutants.We exposed populations of F.candida to nanoplastics and antibiotic under two temperatures.The antibiotic treatment consisted of colistin addition,and the nanoplastic treatment consisted of polystyrene particles(50 mg kg^(‒1)and 0.1 g kg^(‒1)of dry soil,respectively).Both treatments were incubated at 20 and 22℃for two months,and the bacterial gut microbiomes of springtails were then sequenced.Exposure to nanoplastics at 20℃decreased the abundance of the dominant bacterial phyla and families,and decreased the evenness of the gut microbiome.At 22℃,however,the abundances and evenness of the dominant families increased.Surprisingly,Gramnegative bacteria targeted by colistin were not globally affected.And at genus-level,the endosymbiont Wolbachia controlled the compositional shifts under nanoplastic addition,potentially driving the gut microbiome.Our results also indicated that warming was a major driver modulating the impacts of the antibiotic and nanoplastics.We illustrate how the gut microbiomes of springtails are sensitive communities responsive to xenobiotics and provide evidence of the need to combine multiple factors of global change operating simultaneously if we are to understand the responses of communities of soil arthropods and their microbiomes.展开更多
Highly precise and reliable determination of heavy metals in soil micro-arthropod tissues remains a challenge because of the small size of the animals and their typical low abundance in metal-contaminated agricultural...Highly precise and reliable determination of heavy metals in soil micro-arthropod tissues remains a challenge because of the small size of the animals and their typical low abundance in metal-contaminated agricultural soils. The present study sought to develop a method for cadmium （Cd） determination in soil micro-arthropods by optimizing the sample digestion procedure, reducing sample weight, modifying sample pre-treatment and validating the methodology with field samples. The optimized digestion conditions comprised a sample mass of 50-150 μg, digestion reagent of nitric acid：hydrogen peroxide （3：1）, digestion temperature of 105 ℃, digestion period of 3 h and digestion volume of 30 μL. Defecation of the standard Collembola Folsomia candida （92 h） and the indigenous Collembola Onychiurus yodai （42 h） and ultrasonic cleaning of F. candida increased the accuracy of Cd determination. The recovery of Cd using the refined procedure was 98.9% and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.002 and 0.008 μg L-1, respectively. The within-batch precision values were 〈 3%. The Cd concentrations in the tissues of the Collembola Isotorna sp. collected from a range of metal-contaminated fields determined by the improved method were consistent with the Cd concentrations in the field soils. The results indicate that the optimized method can be used for more accurate or reliable determination of Cd concentrations in soil micro-arthropod tissues.展开更多
基金supported by the Spanish Government grants PID2020115770RB-I,TED2021-132627 B-I00 and PID2022-140808NB-I00funded by MCIN+2 种基金AEI/10.13039/501100011033 European Union Next Generation EU/PRTRthe Fundación Ramón Areces grant CIVP20A6621the Catalan Government grant SGR 2021-1333.
文摘Nanoplastics and antibiotics are among the most abundant chemical pollutants of soils,but their interplay with global warming remains poorly understood.The springtail Folsomia candida(Class Collembola)is a standard model for ecotoxicological assays with potential as a bioindicator of xenobiotics.Little is known,however,about their gut microbiome and how it might respond to warming and these pollutants.We exposed populations of F.candida to nanoplastics and antibiotic under two temperatures.The antibiotic treatment consisted of colistin addition,and the nanoplastic treatment consisted of polystyrene particles(50 mg kg^(‒1)and 0.1 g kg^(‒1)of dry soil,respectively).Both treatments were incubated at 20 and 22℃for two months,and the bacterial gut microbiomes of springtails were then sequenced.Exposure to nanoplastics at 20℃decreased the abundance of the dominant bacterial phyla and families,and decreased the evenness of the gut microbiome.At 22℃,however,the abundances and evenness of the dominant families increased.Surprisingly,Gramnegative bacteria targeted by colistin were not globally affected.And at genus-level,the endosymbiont Wolbachia controlled the compositional shifts under nanoplastic addition,potentially driving the gut microbiome.Our results also indicated that warming was a major driver modulating the impacts of the antibiotic and nanoplastics.We illustrate how the gut microbiomes of springtails are sensitive communities responsive to xenobiotics and provide evidence of the need to combine multiple factors of global change operating simultaneously if we are to understand the responses of communities of soil arthropods and their microbiomes.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2012AA101402-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41271264, 41325003)
文摘Highly precise and reliable determination of heavy metals in soil micro-arthropod tissues remains a challenge because of the small size of the animals and their typical low abundance in metal-contaminated agricultural soils. The present study sought to develop a method for cadmium （Cd） determination in soil micro-arthropods by optimizing the sample digestion procedure, reducing sample weight, modifying sample pre-treatment and validating the methodology with field samples. The optimized digestion conditions comprised a sample mass of 50-150 μg, digestion reagent of nitric acid：hydrogen peroxide （3：1）, digestion temperature of 105 ℃, digestion period of 3 h and digestion volume of 30 μL. Defecation of the standard Collembola Folsomia candida （92 h） and the indigenous Collembola Onychiurus yodai （42 h） and ultrasonic cleaning of F. candida increased the accuracy of Cd determination. The recovery of Cd using the refined procedure was 98.9% and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.002 and 0.008 μg L-1, respectively. The within-batch precision values were 〈 3%. The Cd concentrations in the tissues of the Collembola Isotorna sp. collected from a range of metal-contaminated fields determined by the improved method were consistent with the Cd concentrations in the field soils. The results indicate that the optimized method can be used for more accurate or reliable determination of Cd concentrations in soil micro-arthropod tissues.
