Considering that contaminated raw water mostly contains high Ammonia-N and a majority of water treatment plants use prechlorination process in China, efficiency of chloramines as a coagulant aid in enhancing coagulati...Considering that contaminated raw water mostly contains high Ammonia-N and a majority of water treatment plants use prechlorination process in China, efficiency of chloramines as a coagulant aid in enhancing coagulation was investigated by Jar stirring and pilot-scale tests, using Yellow River water containing high concentration of natural organic matters （NOM） and bromide in winter. The jar tests results showed that, compared with no preoxidation, preformed chloramine apparently decreased the turbidity of settled and filtered water with low dosage （2.0 rag/L）, and the aid-coagulation efficiency was further enhanced with the increase of chlorine （Cl2） to Ammonia-N （N） ratio. Pilot-scale studies indicated that, in comparison to the case without preoxidation, the turbidity removal efficiency of flotation and filtration effluent water was significantly improved, the particle counts of filtered water were decreased 63.4%, the average rate of filter head loss was reduced 18.2%, and filter run time was prolonged 15.7%. Therefore, chloramine preoxidation may substantially enhance the particle separation efficiency.展开更多
MCMC(Markov chain Monte Carlo)粒子滤波算法改善了粒子滤波算法的估计性能,但同时也带来了过大的计算量.在研究MCMC粒子滤波算法的基础之上,对其进行改进.改进算法引入有效粒子数概念,适时抛弃退化粒子,动态调整粒子数,减少了运算量,...MCMC(Markov chain Monte Carlo)粒子滤波算法改善了粒子滤波算法的估计性能,但同时也带来了过大的计算量.在研究MCMC粒子滤波算法的基础之上,对其进行改进.改进算法引入有效粒子数概念,适时抛弃退化粒子,动态调整粒子数,减少了运算量,提高了运行效率.仿真结果表明,该改进算法在不降低原算法估计性能的同时,有效地提高了MCMC粒子滤波算法的运行效率,并且随着粒子数目的增加,这种优势表现更加显著.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Pro- gram (863) of China (No. 2002AA601140)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (No. E200510), China
文摘Considering that contaminated raw water mostly contains high Ammonia-N and a majority of water treatment plants use prechlorination process in China, efficiency of chloramines as a coagulant aid in enhancing coagulation was investigated by Jar stirring and pilot-scale tests, using Yellow River water containing high concentration of natural organic matters （NOM） and bromide in winter. The jar tests results showed that, compared with no preoxidation, preformed chloramine apparently decreased the turbidity of settled and filtered water with low dosage （2.0 rag/L）, and the aid-coagulation efficiency was further enhanced with the increase of chlorine （Cl2） to Ammonia-N （N） ratio. Pilot-scale studies indicated that, in comparison to the case without preoxidation, the turbidity removal efficiency of flotation and filtration effluent water was significantly improved, the particle counts of filtered water were decreased 63.4%, the average rate of filter head loss was reduced 18.2%, and filter run time was prolonged 15.7%. Therefore, chloramine preoxidation may substantially enhance the particle separation efficiency.
文摘MCMC(Markov chain Monte Carlo)粒子滤波算法改善了粒子滤波算法的估计性能,但同时也带来了过大的计算量.在研究MCMC粒子滤波算法的基础之上,对其进行改进.改进算法引入有效粒子数概念,适时抛弃退化粒子,动态调整粒子数,减少了运算量,提高了运行效率.仿真结果表明,该改进算法在不降低原算法估计性能的同时,有效地提高了MCMC粒子滤波算法的运行效率,并且随着粒子数目的增加,这种优势表现更加显著.
