The fishing activity has been known for centuries by man and is configured as an important source of livelihood and income for many families of Brazilian fishermen. This article tries to do a brief contextualization o...The fishing activity has been known for centuries by man and is configured as an important source of livelihood and income for many families of Brazilian fishermen. This article tries to do a brief contextualization of fishing in Brazil, as well as discuss the notion of territoriality of sector policies. The trend shown for the future is the need for a planning/mapping of operation areas of productive agents in the country, so that fish stocks can be managed more appropriately. One of the proposals that comes with acceptance and is already being applied in some municipalities is fishing agreements, using co-management mechanisms for planning and use of fisheries resources.展开更多
The small-scale fishermen in the north-eastern floodplains are one of the most vulnerable communities of Bangladesh due to their limited income.This study assessed their livelihood status using a sustainable livelihoo...The small-scale fishermen in the north-eastern floodplains are one of the most vulnerable communities of Bangladesh due to their limited income.This study assessed their livelihood status using a sustainable livelihood framework and employed a multiple regression model to evaluate factors influencing their earnings.Primary data were collected from fishermen’s households in Tanguar Haor and Hakaluki Haor through direct interviews.Results revealed that these households lacked human capital,had poor sanitation facilities and suffered from frequent diseases.Their income is very limited as they lack training on other socioeconomic activities to comple-ment their livelihood grounded on fishing.Hence,their financial capital was very deficient and ranked lowest among other livelihood capitals.Fishermen’s major physical assets were the boats used for group and individual fishing.These small-scale fishermen had limited involvement with local administration,and around half of them were members of various NGOs.Women of these households had low participation in fishing or other income activities.The income of the fishermen was influenced by their age,fish catch per day,training and NGO mem-bership.To increase the earnings and improve the livelihood status of small-scale fishers in the floodplain,this study suggests providing training on complementary income generating activities,improving sanitation facilities and providing additional government and non-government support.展开更多
Background: Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) are common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among fishing communities and are associated with high HIV prevalence in this underserve...Background: Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) are common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among fishing communities and are associated with high HIV prevalence in this underserved population. However, there is limited knowledge on HIV incidence among fishermen. This study aimed at determining prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with HIV infection among fishermen in Kisumu Kenya. Methods: Three hundred fishermen were evaluated for baseline HIV, HSV-2, HPV infection and a structured questionnaire administered. HIV incidence was assessed after 12 months among those initially HIV negative. HIV incidence rate in person-years and prevalence were estimated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with HIV acquisition. Results: HIV prevalence was 23.3% (95% CI: 18.5 - 28.1). Risk factors for baseline HIV prevalence were older age (aOR = 2.13;95% CI: 1.25 - 5.07), history of STI (aOR 4.21;95% CI: 2.07 - 9.34), baseline HPV infection (aOR 2.13;95% CI: 1.05 - 4.77), number of lifetime sexual partners (>5) aOR = 5.76 (95% CI: 1.41 - 13.57) and transactional sex (aOR = 10.98;95% CI: 1.86 - 19.34). Condom uses with new sexual partner (aOR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08 - 0.55) and during most recent sexual act (aOR 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03 - 0.61), were negatively associated with HIV prevalence. HIV incidence was 4.2 (95% CI = 1.3 - 7.1) per 100 person-years with being single (aIRR = 8.32;95% CI: 1.27 - 54.67) as an independent risk factor. Condom use with new sexual partner (aIRR = 0.11;95% CI: 0.01 - 0.89) and recent sex with wife/regular girlfriend (compared to sex worker/casual partner;aIRR = 0.03;95% CI: 0.01 - 0.35) were associated with reduced risk of HIV acquisition. Conclusion: Inconsistent condom use and transactional/casual sexual partnerships were the main high-risk sexual behaviors in addition to marital status explaining the high HIV acquisition rate among fishermen. Intensified safer sex promotion is urgently needed in this subpopulation to avert new HIV infections.展开更多
Background: Herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) has been associated with HIV infection. More recently, HSV-2 incidence has been linked to HIV acquisition. A few studies have suggested that the fishing communities have...Background: Herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) has been associated with HIV infection. More recently, HSV-2 incidence has been linked to HIV acquisition. A few studies have suggested that the fishing communities have a high HSV-2 prevalence but there is limited knowledge on HSV-2 incidence and associated risk factors among fishermen. Methods: Three hundred fishermen were consented, and evaluated for baseline HSV-2 serology status and again after 12 months among those negative at baseline. Sexual behavior and socio-demographic data were collected at enrolment and exit visits using a structured questionnaire. Baseline HIV serology and Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotyping were also performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent factors associated with HSV-2 acquisition. Results: Baseline HSV-2 prevalence was 56.3% (95% CI: 50.7 - 62.0). Factors associated with HSV-2 prevalence were, older age (aOR = 1.96;95% CI: 1.16 - 2.85), history of STI (aOR 2.12;95% CI: 1.19 - 3.91), infection with HIV (aOR 2.22;95% CI: 1.17 - 4.22), ever married (aOR = 3.80;95% CI: 1.42 - 11.90), most recent sexual act with sex worker/casual partner (OR= 3.56;95% CI: 1.49 - 8.62) and inconsistent condom use with new sexual partner (aOR = 6.34;95% CI: 2.24 - 13.04). The HSV-2 incidence was 23.6 (95% CI = 15.4 - 31.8)/100 pyr. Infection with persistent high-risk (HR) HPV (aIRR = 3.35;95% CI: 1.21 - 11.37), multiple (≥2) partners in 12 months prior to study participation (aIRR = 4.77;95% CI: 1.12 - 11.38), inconsistent condom use with new partner (aIRR =2.53;95% CI: 1.12 - 7.38) and most recent sexual act with sex worker/casual partner (OR = 3.03;95% CI: 1.17 - 8.58) were independent risk factors for HSV-2 acquisition. Conclusion: The incidence of HSV-2 is very high among fishermen. It is associated with persistent HR HPV infection and high-risk sexual behavior. Intervention strategies targeting these men with high risk sexual behavior are urgently needed to stop new HSV-2 acquisition and subsequently prevent HIV infection.展开更多
Global climate change has become a critical barrier in the twenty-first century and it alarms the marine fishermen to respond and react until conditions become more adverse.Interaction with climate by humans occurs at...Global climate change has become a critical barrier in the twenty-first century and it alarms the marine fishermen to respond and react until conditions become more adverse.Interaction with climate by humans occurs at all levels,but recent research has focused on industries,technological and demographic aspects.So far,less attention has been paid to investigate the factors which affect perception and decision-making at the individual level.The uncertain condition of climate on marine fisheries from the last two decades had created drastic change in ecosystems as well as in the fishers’livelihood.Fishers are the group who first experiences the bitter conditions of climate change on marine fisheries because their livelihood depends highly on the marine resources.Therefore,the fishers’perception about the consequences of climate change on fisheries may help to emerge the fisheries by implicating certain productive management measures.The research has been carried out in the two southern coastal districts of Ramanathapuram and Kanyakumari,Tamil Nadu state to find out the fishers’perception of the consequences of climate change on fisheries.A sample size consisting of 120 marine fishermen were randomly selected and interviewed.The results inferred that increase in cost of fishing,increase in fishing investments,decline in fishing days,reduction in fish diversity and fish catches were the major consequences faced by fishers due to the climate change.展开更多
With the development of social economy and industry,fisheries also play an important role in the development of the country.In the process of fishery development,the problems in the fishermen’s social security system...With the development of social economy and industry,fisheries also play an important role in the development of the country.In the process of fishery development,the problems in the fishermen’s social security system are becoming more and more serious,and the types of problems are gradually increasing.Discovering the problems existing in the development of fisheries,and making up and correcting them in time,has an important role in promoting the development of fisheries and social and economic development.In recent years,the issue of“agriculture,rural areas and farmers”has been a hot topic of discussion.During the course of the problem,the party and the government introduced a series of safeguard measures and policy systems.Based on this,this paper focuses on the problems existing in the fishermen’s social security system and the measures to solve the problems.At the same time,the reasons for the reform of the fishermen’s social security system are also briefly explained.The main reasons can be divided into four points,namely the cost of living,unemployment insurance for fishermen,fishery resources,and income of fishermen,etc.,which are the reasons why the fishery social security system is in urgent need of optimization,contributing to the sustainable development and progress of fisheries.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to examine how fishermen handle post-harvest fish and its quality.In three distinct East Java,Indonesian locations Banyuwangi,Surabaya,and Sampang,primary data was collected via surveys an...The purpose of this study is to examine how fishermen handle post-harvest fish and its quality.In three distinct East Java,Indonesian locations Banyuwangi,Surabaya,and Sampang,primary data was collected via surveys and in-depth interviews.Ordinary Least Square(OLS)regression was employed as estimation technique.The findings indicated that although most fishermen used ice to store their caught fish,not enough ice was used.Fishermen used either very little or no ice at all because they were only fishing for a few hours.Fish buyers also do not want the condition of the fish to be cold because they think that the fish is no longer fresh or was caught yesterday or a few days ago.Regression analysis indicates that the fish quality index(FQI)is positively correlated with environment condition,working hours,work experience,and selling time.Good environmental conditions provide a cleaner fish's storage,reducing contamination and damage.The more time spent fishing and experience involve better handling practices during longer fishing trips,which has a positive impact on fish quality.In contrast,age,gender,fishing group,and temperature have negatively significant on FQI,while there is not enough evidence to support ice usage,storage,and internet access to have impact on FQI.Based on the results,the policy recommendation is to enhancing the awareness and knowledge of fish quality among fish purchasers and fishermen is vital to attain higher-quality fish.The national strategy's current efforts for accelerating stunting prevention could be incorporated with the behavioral change communication approach on fish quality.展开更多
文摘The fishing activity has been known for centuries by man and is configured as an important source of livelihood and income for many families of Brazilian fishermen. This article tries to do a brief contextualization of fishing in Brazil, as well as discuss the notion of territoriality of sector policies. The trend shown for the future is the need for a planning/mapping of operation areas of productive agents in the country, so that fish stocks can be managed more appropriately. One of the proposals that comes with acceptance and is already being applied in some municipalities is fishing agreements, using co-management mechanisms for planning and use of fisheries resources.
文摘The small-scale fishermen in the north-eastern floodplains are one of the most vulnerable communities of Bangladesh due to their limited income.This study assessed their livelihood status using a sustainable livelihood framework and employed a multiple regression model to evaluate factors influencing their earnings.Primary data were collected from fishermen’s households in Tanguar Haor and Hakaluki Haor through direct interviews.Results revealed that these households lacked human capital,had poor sanitation facilities and suffered from frequent diseases.Their income is very limited as they lack training on other socioeconomic activities to comple-ment their livelihood grounded on fishing.Hence,their financial capital was very deficient and ranked lowest among other livelihood capitals.Fishermen’s major physical assets were the boats used for group and individual fishing.These small-scale fishermen had limited involvement with local administration,and around half of them were members of various NGOs.Women of these households had low participation in fishing or other income activities.The income of the fishermen was influenced by their age,fish catch per day,training and NGO mem-bership.To increase the earnings and improve the livelihood status of small-scale fishers in the floodplain,this study suggests providing training on complementary income generating activities,improving sanitation facilities and providing additional government and non-government support.
文摘Background: Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) are common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among fishing communities and are associated with high HIV prevalence in this underserved population. However, there is limited knowledge on HIV incidence among fishermen. This study aimed at determining prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with HIV infection among fishermen in Kisumu Kenya. Methods: Three hundred fishermen were evaluated for baseline HIV, HSV-2, HPV infection and a structured questionnaire administered. HIV incidence was assessed after 12 months among those initially HIV negative. HIV incidence rate in person-years and prevalence were estimated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with HIV acquisition. Results: HIV prevalence was 23.3% (95% CI: 18.5 - 28.1). Risk factors for baseline HIV prevalence were older age (aOR = 2.13;95% CI: 1.25 - 5.07), history of STI (aOR 4.21;95% CI: 2.07 - 9.34), baseline HPV infection (aOR 2.13;95% CI: 1.05 - 4.77), number of lifetime sexual partners (>5) aOR = 5.76 (95% CI: 1.41 - 13.57) and transactional sex (aOR = 10.98;95% CI: 1.86 - 19.34). Condom uses with new sexual partner (aOR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08 - 0.55) and during most recent sexual act (aOR 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03 - 0.61), were negatively associated with HIV prevalence. HIV incidence was 4.2 (95% CI = 1.3 - 7.1) per 100 person-years with being single (aIRR = 8.32;95% CI: 1.27 - 54.67) as an independent risk factor. Condom use with new sexual partner (aIRR = 0.11;95% CI: 0.01 - 0.89) and recent sex with wife/regular girlfriend (compared to sex worker/casual partner;aIRR = 0.03;95% CI: 0.01 - 0.35) were associated with reduced risk of HIV acquisition. Conclusion: Inconsistent condom use and transactional/casual sexual partnerships were the main high-risk sexual behaviors in addition to marital status explaining the high HIV acquisition rate among fishermen. Intensified safer sex promotion is urgently needed in this subpopulation to avert new HIV infections.
文摘Background: Herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) has been associated with HIV infection. More recently, HSV-2 incidence has been linked to HIV acquisition. A few studies have suggested that the fishing communities have a high HSV-2 prevalence but there is limited knowledge on HSV-2 incidence and associated risk factors among fishermen. Methods: Three hundred fishermen were consented, and evaluated for baseline HSV-2 serology status and again after 12 months among those negative at baseline. Sexual behavior and socio-demographic data were collected at enrolment and exit visits using a structured questionnaire. Baseline HIV serology and Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotyping were also performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent factors associated with HSV-2 acquisition. Results: Baseline HSV-2 prevalence was 56.3% (95% CI: 50.7 - 62.0). Factors associated with HSV-2 prevalence were, older age (aOR = 1.96;95% CI: 1.16 - 2.85), history of STI (aOR 2.12;95% CI: 1.19 - 3.91), infection with HIV (aOR 2.22;95% CI: 1.17 - 4.22), ever married (aOR = 3.80;95% CI: 1.42 - 11.90), most recent sexual act with sex worker/casual partner (OR= 3.56;95% CI: 1.49 - 8.62) and inconsistent condom use with new sexual partner (aOR = 6.34;95% CI: 2.24 - 13.04). The HSV-2 incidence was 23.6 (95% CI = 15.4 - 31.8)/100 pyr. Infection with persistent high-risk (HR) HPV (aIRR = 3.35;95% CI: 1.21 - 11.37), multiple (≥2) partners in 12 months prior to study participation (aIRR = 4.77;95% CI: 1.12 - 11.38), inconsistent condom use with new partner (aIRR =2.53;95% CI: 1.12 - 7.38) and most recent sexual act with sex worker/casual partner (OR = 3.03;95% CI: 1.17 - 8.58) were independent risk factors for HSV-2 acquisition. Conclusion: The incidence of HSV-2 is very high among fishermen. It is associated with persistent HR HPV infection and high-risk sexual behavior. Intervention strategies targeting these men with high risk sexual behavior are urgently needed to stop new HSV-2 acquisition and subsequently prevent HIV infection.
基金The authors are grateful to all the authorities ofTamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University,Nagapattinam, India for having provided the opportunityto conduct master’s research programme in fisheriesextension. The authors are thankful to Dr. G. Arul Oli,assistant professor, Dr. V. Kanaga, teaching assistantand postgraduate students, Miss Vishaka Gurung, Mr.Shetty Shivashankar, Mr. T. Iyyappan and Mrs.Thriveni Kasukurthi, of the Department of FisheriesExtension, Economics and Statistics, FisheriesCollege and Research Institute, Thoothukudi forproviding the necessary support and guidance. The authors are also indebted to the reviewers of thisarticle for providing comments, suggestions andresponsive for errors remaining.
文摘Global climate change has become a critical barrier in the twenty-first century and it alarms the marine fishermen to respond and react until conditions become more adverse.Interaction with climate by humans occurs at all levels,but recent research has focused on industries,technological and demographic aspects.So far,less attention has been paid to investigate the factors which affect perception and decision-making at the individual level.The uncertain condition of climate on marine fisheries from the last two decades had created drastic change in ecosystems as well as in the fishers’livelihood.Fishers are the group who first experiences the bitter conditions of climate change on marine fisheries because their livelihood depends highly on the marine resources.Therefore,the fishers’perception about the consequences of climate change on fisheries may help to emerge the fisheries by implicating certain productive management measures.The research has been carried out in the two southern coastal districts of Ramanathapuram and Kanyakumari,Tamil Nadu state to find out the fishers’perception of the consequences of climate change on fisheries.A sample size consisting of 120 marine fishermen were randomly selected and interviewed.The results inferred that increase in cost of fishing,increase in fishing investments,decline in fishing days,reduction in fish diversity and fish catches were the major consequences faced by fishers due to the climate change.
文摘With the development of social economy and industry,fisheries also play an important role in the development of the country.In the process of fishery development,the problems in the fishermen’s social security system are becoming more and more serious,and the types of problems are gradually increasing.Discovering the problems existing in the development of fisheries,and making up and correcting them in time,has an important role in promoting the development of fisheries and social and economic development.In recent years,the issue of“agriculture,rural areas and farmers”has been a hot topic of discussion.During the course of the problem,the party and the government introduced a series of safeguard measures and policy systems.Based on this,this paper focuses on the problems existing in the fishermen’s social security system and the measures to solve the problems.At the same time,the reasons for the reform of the fishermen’s social security system are also briefly explained.The main reasons can be divided into four points,namely the cost of living,unemployment insurance for fishermen,fishery resources,and income of fishermen,etc.,which are the reasons why the fishery social security system is in urgent need of optimization,contributing to the sustainable development and progress of fisheries.
基金supported by the Indonesian Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology.
文摘The purpose of this study is to examine how fishermen handle post-harvest fish and its quality.In three distinct East Java,Indonesian locations Banyuwangi,Surabaya,and Sampang,primary data was collected via surveys and in-depth interviews.Ordinary Least Square(OLS)regression was employed as estimation technique.The findings indicated that although most fishermen used ice to store their caught fish,not enough ice was used.Fishermen used either very little or no ice at all because they were only fishing for a few hours.Fish buyers also do not want the condition of the fish to be cold because they think that the fish is no longer fresh or was caught yesterday or a few days ago.Regression analysis indicates that the fish quality index(FQI)is positively correlated with environment condition,working hours,work experience,and selling time.Good environmental conditions provide a cleaner fish's storage,reducing contamination and damage.The more time spent fishing and experience involve better handling practices during longer fishing trips,which has a positive impact on fish quality.In contrast,age,gender,fishing group,and temperature have negatively significant on FQI,while there is not enough evidence to support ice usage,storage,and internet access to have impact on FQI.Based on the results,the policy recommendation is to enhancing the awareness and knowledge of fish quality among fish purchasers and fishermen is vital to attain higher-quality fish.The national strategy's current efforts for accelerating stunting prevention could be incorporated with the behavioral change communication approach on fish quality.
