THE craft of making fireworks in Liuyang City,Hunan Province,dates back to the Tang Dynasty(618-907).More than 1,300 years ago,Li Tian from Dayao,Liuyang,invented firecrackers to ward off evil spirits and express peo...THE craft of making fireworks in Liuyang City,Hunan Province,dates back to the Tang Dynasty(618-907).More than 1,300 years ago,Li Tian from Dayao,Liuyang,invented firecrackers to ward off evil spirits and express people’s desire for peace and good luck.Because of his invention,the name Liuyang later became synonymous with fireworks.展开更多
The Spring Festival,China’s most significant holiday,is also a vital driver of the country’s economy.This year,it shone even brighter,as the festival followed its inclusion on the UNESCO Representative List of the I...The Spring Festival,China’s most significant holiday,is also a vital driver of the country’s economy.This year,it shone even brighter,as the festival followed its inclusion on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity,sparking renewed enthusiasm domestically and attracting heightened interest from abroad.展开更多
Fireworks(FW)could significantly worsen air quality in short term during celebrations.Due to similar tracers with biomass burning(BB),the fast and precise qualification of FW and BB is still challenging.In this study,...Fireworks(FW)could significantly worsen air quality in short term during celebrations.Due to similar tracers with biomass burning(BB),the fast and precise qualification of FW and BB is still challenging.In this study,online bulk and single-particle measurements were combined to investigate the contributions of FW and BB to the overall mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)and specific chemical species by positive matrix factorization(PMF)during the Chinese New Year in Hong Kong in February 2013.With combined information,fresh/aged FW(abundant ^(140)K_(2)NO_(3)^(+)and ^(213)K_(3)SO_(4)^(+)formed from ^(113)K_(2)Cl^(+)discharged by fresh FW)can be extracted from the fresh/aged BB sources,in addition to the Second Aerosol,Vehicles+Road Dust,and Sea Salt factors.The contributions of FW and BB were investigated during three high particle matter episodes influenced by the pollution transported from the Pearl River Delta region.The fresh BB/FW contributed 39.2%and 19.6%to PM_(2.5)during the Lunar Chinese New Year case.However,the contributions of aged FW/BB enhanced in the last two episodes due to the aging process,evidenced by high contributions from secondary aerosols.Generally,the fresh BB/FW showed more significant contributions to nitrate(35.1%and15.0%,respectively)compared with sulfate(25.1%and 5.9%,respectively)and OC(14.8%and11.1%,respectively)on average.In comparison,the aged FW contributed more to sulfate(13.4%).Overall,combining online bulk and single-particle measurement data can combine both instruments’advantages and provide a new perspective for applying source apportionment of aerosols using PMF.展开更多
Variations of levels,possible source and air mass transmission were investigated for 16 USEPA priority-controlled PAHs in PM2.5 during 2018 Chinese Spring Festival(CSF)in Xiangyang City,central China which is the Nort...Variations of levels,possible source and air mass transmission were investigated for 16 USEPA priority-controlled PAHs in PM2.5 during 2018 Chinese Spring Festival(CSF)in Xiangyang City,central China which is the North-South pollutant airmass transport channel of China.Totally 37 samples were collected.Mass concentrations of 16 PAHs for the Pre–CSF day(Pre–CSFD),during the CSF day(CSFD)and after the CSF day(Af–CSFD)are 33.78±17.68 ng/m3,22.98±6.49 ng/m3,and 8.99±4.44 ng/m3,respectively.High resolution samples showed that 16 PAHs are higher in the morning(06:00–11:00)or afternoon(11:30–16:30),than those in the evening(17:00–22:00)and at night(22:30–05:30),whereas the result is reversed during the CSFD.Fireworks burning can obviously increase the mass concentration of PAHs.Air mass trajectory indicated that Xiangyang is a sink area of pollutants for northwest and southeast,and the sources of the northeast and southwest.The air mass only can be transmitted out through northeast and southwest.It is effective for improvement of air quality in Wuhan and Hunan to control fireworks emission in Henan and local areas.Fireworks burning was an important source for PAHs during CSFD,biomass,coal combustion,and traffic emission were the main sources of PAHs for Pre–CSFD and Af–CSFD periods.The health risk on the CSFD was higher than the acceptable levels,especially during the intensive fireworks burning,the risk value far exceed 1.0×10^-4,controlling burning fireworks is required.展开更多
Recently,multimodal multiobjective optimization problems(MMOPs)have received increasing attention.Their goal is to find a Pareto front and as many equivalent Pareto optimal solutions as possible.Although some evolutio...Recently,multimodal multiobjective optimization problems(MMOPs)have received increasing attention.Their goal is to find a Pareto front and as many equivalent Pareto optimal solutions as possible.Although some evolutionary algorithms for them have been proposed,they mainly focus on the convergence rate in the decision space while ignoring solutions diversity.In this paper,we propose a new multiobjective fireworks algorithm for them,which is able to balance exploitation and exploration in the decision space.We first extend a latest single-objective fireworks algorithm to handle MMOPs.Then we make improvements by incorporating an adaptive strategy and special archive guidance into it,where special archives are established for each firework,and two strategies(i.e.,explosion and random strategies)are adaptively selected to update the positions of sparks generated by fireworks with the guidance of special archives.Finally,we compare the proposed algorithm with eight state-of-the-art multimodal multiobjective algorithms on all 22 MMOPs from CEC2019 and several imbalanced distance minimization problems.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to compared algorithms in solving them.Also,its runtime is less than its peers'.展开更多
For acquiring high energy efficiency and the maximal throughput, a new time slot structure is designed for energy harvesting(EH) cognitive radio(CR). Considering the CR system with EH and cooperative relay, a best coo...For acquiring high energy efficiency and the maximal throughput, a new time slot structure is designed for energy harvesting(EH) cognitive radio(CR). Considering the CR system with EH and cooperative relay, a best cooperative mechanism(BCM)is proposed for CR with EH. To get the optimal estimation performance, a quantum fireworks algorithm(QFA) is designed to resolve the difficulties of maximal throughput and EH, and the proposed cooperative mechanism is called as QFA-BCM. The proposed QFA combines the advantages of quantum computation theory with the fireworks algorithm(FA). Thus the QFA is able to obtain the optimal solution and its convergence performance is proved. By using the new cooperation mechanism and computing algorithm, the proposed QFA-BCM method can achieve comparable maximal throughput in the new timeslot structure. Simulation results have proved that the QFA-BCM method is superior to previous non-cooperative and cooperative mechanisms.展开更多
文摘THE craft of making fireworks in Liuyang City,Hunan Province,dates back to the Tang Dynasty(618-907).More than 1,300 years ago,Li Tian from Dayao,Liuyang,invented firecrackers to ward off evil spirits and express people’s desire for peace and good luck.Because of his invention,the name Liuyang later became synonymous with fireworks.
文摘The Spring Festival,China’s most significant holiday,is also a vital driver of the country’s economy.This year,it shone even brighter,as the festival followed its inclusion on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity,sparking renewed enthusiasm domestically and attracting heightened interest from abroad.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41875155)Natural Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFA0607004)+1 种基金Environment and Conservation Fund/Woo Wheelock Green Fund (No.ECWW09EG04)Strategic Priority Research Program (B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDB05040502)。
文摘Fireworks(FW)could significantly worsen air quality in short term during celebrations.Due to similar tracers with biomass burning(BB),the fast and precise qualification of FW and BB is still challenging.In this study,online bulk and single-particle measurements were combined to investigate the contributions of FW and BB to the overall mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)and specific chemical species by positive matrix factorization(PMF)during the Chinese New Year in Hong Kong in February 2013.With combined information,fresh/aged FW(abundant ^(140)K_(2)NO_(3)^(+)and ^(213)K_(3)SO_(4)^(+)formed from ^(113)K_(2)Cl^(+)discharged by fresh FW)can be extracted from the fresh/aged BB sources,in addition to the Second Aerosol,Vehicles+Road Dust,and Sea Salt factors.The contributions of FW and BB were investigated during three high particle matter episodes influenced by the pollution transported from the Pearl River Delta region.The fresh BB/FW contributed 39.2%and 19.6%to PM_(2.5)during the Lunar Chinese New Year case.However,the contributions of aged FW/BB enhanced in the last two episodes due to the aging process,evidenced by high contributions from secondary aerosols.Generally,the fresh BB/FW showed more significant contributions to nitrate(35.1%and15.0%,respectively)compared with sulfate(25.1%and 5.9%,respectively)and OC(14.8%and11.1%,respectively)on average.In comparison,the aged FW contributed more to sulfate(13.4%).Overall,combining online bulk and single-particle measurement data can combine both instruments’advantages and provide a new perspective for applying source apportionment of aerosols using PMF.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0212603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41773124)+2 种基金the Open Research Program of Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-restoration,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(No.BHWER201503(A))the Open Research Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Con-trol&Remediation,Hubei Polytechnic University(No.201702)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(No.CUGL170208)。
文摘Variations of levels,possible source and air mass transmission were investigated for 16 USEPA priority-controlled PAHs in PM2.5 during 2018 Chinese Spring Festival(CSF)in Xiangyang City,central China which is the North-South pollutant airmass transport channel of China.Totally 37 samples were collected.Mass concentrations of 16 PAHs for the Pre–CSF day(Pre–CSFD),during the CSF day(CSFD)and after the CSF day(Af–CSFD)are 33.78±17.68 ng/m3,22.98±6.49 ng/m3,and 8.99±4.44 ng/m3,respectively.High resolution samples showed that 16 PAHs are higher in the morning(06:00–11:00)or afternoon(11:30–16:30),than those in the evening(17:00–22:00)and at night(22:30–05:30),whereas the result is reversed during the CSFD.Fireworks burning can obviously increase the mass concentration of PAHs.Air mass trajectory indicated that Xiangyang is a sink area of pollutants for northwest and southeast,and the sources of the northeast and southwest.The air mass only can be transmitted out through northeast and southwest.It is effective for improvement of air quality in Wuhan and Hunan to control fireworks emission in Henan and local areas.Fireworks burning was an important source for PAHs during CSFD,biomass,coal combustion,and traffic emission were the main sources of PAHs for Pre–CSFD and Af–CSFD periods.The health risk on the CSFD was higher than the acceptable levels,especially during the intensive fireworks burning,the risk value far exceed 1.0×10^-4,controlling burning fireworks is required.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62071230,62061146002)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211567)the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University(KAU),Jeddah,Saudi Arabia(FP-147-43)。
文摘Recently,multimodal multiobjective optimization problems(MMOPs)have received increasing attention.Their goal is to find a Pareto front and as many equivalent Pareto optimal solutions as possible.Although some evolutionary algorithms for them have been proposed,they mainly focus on the convergence rate in the decision space while ignoring solutions diversity.In this paper,we propose a new multiobjective fireworks algorithm for them,which is able to balance exploitation and exploration in the decision space.We first extend a latest single-objective fireworks algorithm to handle MMOPs.Then we make improvements by incorporating an adaptive strategy and special archive guidance into it,where special archives are established for each firework,and two strategies(i.e.,explosion and random strategies)are adaptively selected to update the positions of sparks generated by fireworks with the guidance of special archives.Finally,we compare the proposed algorithm with eight state-of-the-art multimodal multiobjective algorithms on all 22 MMOPs from CEC2019 and several imbalanced distance minimization problems.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to compared algorithms in solving them.Also,its runtime is less than its peers'.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61571149)the Special China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015T80325)+2 种基金the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(LBH-Z13054)the China Scholarship Council and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HEUCFP201772HEUCF160808)
文摘For acquiring high energy efficiency and the maximal throughput, a new time slot structure is designed for energy harvesting(EH) cognitive radio(CR). Considering the CR system with EH and cooperative relay, a best cooperative mechanism(BCM)is proposed for CR with EH. To get the optimal estimation performance, a quantum fireworks algorithm(QFA) is designed to resolve the difficulties of maximal throughput and EH, and the proposed cooperative mechanism is called as QFA-BCM. The proposed QFA combines the advantages of quantum computation theory with the fireworks algorithm(FA). Thus the QFA is able to obtain the optimal solution and its convergence performance is proved. By using the new cooperation mechanism and computing algorithm, the proposed QFA-BCM method can achieve comparable maximal throughput in the new timeslot structure. Simulation results have proved that the QFA-BCM method is superior to previous non-cooperative and cooperative mechanisms.
