Background:Cannabidiol(CBD)has numerous therapeutic properties,and is used to treat neurological conditions,such as neuroinflammation.However,the optimal dose of CBD to penetrate the brain requires further investigati...Background:Cannabidiol(CBD)has numerous therapeutic properties,and is used to treat neurological conditions,such as neuroinflammation.However,the optimal dose of CBD to penetrate the brain requires further investigation.The primary aim of this study was to use a mouse model and the intrabuccal route for CBD administration to determine the optimal dose at which CBD can penetrate the brain.The secondary aim was to determine whether sex is a confounding factor.Methods:Thirty adult Kramnik mice,divided equally into three groups,were ad-ministered CBD oil intrabuccally at three doses-10,20,and 30 mg/kg,euthanized 6 h later,and whole brain,urine,and blood samples were collected.Liquid chro-matography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the collected samples.Results:CBD and its three metabolites—7-carboxy cannabidiol(7-COOH-CBD),7-hydroxy cannabidiol(7-OH-CBD)and 6-hydroxy cannabidiol(6-OH-CBD),were identified and quantified in all samples.The 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of CBD produced similar results in the brain,but the group given the 10 mg/kg dose had the least vari-ation.The 30 mg/kg dose yielded the highest abundance of CBD and its metabolites in all samples,but also the greatest variation.Sex only became a confounding factor at 30 mg/kg.Conclusions:This study shows that the intrabuccal route of CBD administration is reliable and the 10 mg/kg dose of CBD is recommended in mice because there were good CBD metabolite concentrations in all samples,with the least variation among the doses,and sex was not a confounder at 10 mg/kg.展开更多
The main aim of this paper is to find necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of Walsh-Kaczmarz-Fej′er means in the terms of the modulus of continuity on the Hardy spaces Hp, when 0〈p≤1/2.
基金National Research Fund of South Africa(grant number:137792).
文摘Background:Cannabidiol(CBD)has numerous therapeutic properties,and is used to treat neurological conditions,such as neuroinflammation.However,the optimal dose of CBD to penetrate the brain requires further investigation.The primary aim of this study was to use a mouse model and the intrabuccal route for CBD administration to determine the optimal dose at which CBD can penetrate the brain.The secondary aim was to determine whether sex is a confounding factor.Methods:Thirty adult Kramnik mice,divided equally into three groups,were ad-ministered CBD oil intrabuccally at three doses-10,20,and 30 mg/kg,euthanized 6 h later,and whole brain,urine,and blood samples were collected.Liquid chro-matography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the collected samples.Results:CBD and its three metabolites—7-carboxy cannabidiol(7-COOH-CBD),7-hydroxy cannabidiol(7-OH-CBD)and 6-hydroxy cannabidiol(6-OH-CBD),were identified and quantified in all samples.The 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of CBD produced similar results in the brain,but the group given the 10 mg/kg dose had the least vari-ation.The 30 mg/kg dose yielded the highest abundance of CBD and its metabolites in all samples,but also the greatest variation.Sex only became a confounding factor at 30 mg/kg.Conclusions:This study shows that the intrabuccal route of CBD administration is reliable and the 10 mg/kg dose of CBD is recommended in mice because there were good CBD metabolite concentrations in all samples,with the least variation among the doses,and sex was not a confounder at 10 mg/kg.
基金supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation grant no.13/06(Geometry of function spaces,interpolation and embedding theorems)
文摘The main aim of this paper is to find necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of Walsh-Kaczmarz-Fej′er means in the terms of the modulus of continuity on the Hardy spaces Hp, when 0〈p≤1/2.
