F-2 toxin is an estrogenic mycotoxin that causes reproductive disorders in animals.Betulinic acid(BA)is a natural pentacyclic lupane-structure triterpenoid that has diverse pharmacological activities.In this study,the...F-2 toxin is an estrogenic mycotoxin that causes reproductive disorders in animals.Betulinic acid(BA)is a natural pentacyclic lupane-structure triterpenoid that has diverse pharmacological activities.In this study,the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of BA and its underlying mechanism are explored in F-2 toxin-triggered mouse ovarian damage.We found that BA alleviated the F-2 toxin-induced ovarian impairment by stimulating follicle growth,reducing inflammatory cell infiltration,repairing damaged mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.Simultaneously,BA not only reversed F-2 toxin-induced reduction of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels in the serum,but also restrained the protein expression of the estrogen receptors a(ERa)and ERβ.Moreover,BA restored the balance of F-2 toxin-induced ovarian redox system disorders.Subsequently,we found that 0.25 mg/kg BA played an anti-inflammatory role in the F-2 toxin-induced ovarian impairment by decreasing interleukin-1β(IL-1β).IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)mRNA expression,as well as inhibiting p38 protein expression.These data demonstrated that BA exerts its protective effect on F-2 toxin-induced ovarian oxidative impairment and inflammation by inhibiting p38 expression,which implies a natural product-based medicine to ameliorate F-2 toxin-caused female reproductive toxicity and provides a detoxifying method for food contaminated by mycotoxin.展开更多
以双管法合成2-^(18)F-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄糖(^(18)F-FDG)为例,系统分析了影响^(18)F-FDG合成效率的各因素。结果表明,合成体系中的含水量是影响^(18)F-FDG合成效率的主要因素;不纯的回收H_2^(18)O也是合成效率下降的原因之一;前体的用量...以双管法合成2-^(18)F-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄糖(^(18)F-FDG)为例,系统分析了影响^(18)F-FDG合成效率的各因素。结果表明,合成体系中的含水量是影响^(18)F-FDG合成效率的主要因素;不纯的回收H_2^(18)O也是合成效率下降的原因之一;前体的用量不低于15mg即可满足要求,缩短合成时间有利于提高合成的效率(End of Synthe-sis,EOS)。通过降低体系中水的含量,合成时间从55min缩短到44min,校正效率(End of Bombardment,EOB)从50％提高到65％。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32273084)the Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province,China (2020NK2032)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China (2020JJ4368)Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate of Hunan Province,China (CX20220670)Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate of Hunan Agricultural University,China (2022XC010)。
文摘F-2 toxin is an estrogenic mycotoxin that causes reproductive disorders in animals.Betulinic acid(BA)is a natural pentacyclic lupane-structure triterpenoid that has diverse pharmacological activities.In this study,the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of BA and its underlying mechanism are explored in F-2 toxin-triggered mouse ovarian damage.We found that BA alleviated the F-2 toxin-induced ovarian impairment by stimulating follicle growth,reducing inflammatory cell infiltration,repairing damaged mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.Simultaneously,BA not only reversed F-2 toxin-induced reduction of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels in the serum,but also restrained the protein expression of the estrogen receptors a(ERa)and ERβ.Moreover,BA restored the balance of F-2 toxin-induced ovarian redox system disorders.Subsequently,we found that 0.25 mg/kg BA played an anti-inflammatory role in the F-2 toxin-induced ovarian impairment by decreasing interleukin-1β(IL-1β).IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)mRNA expression,as well as inhibiting p38 protein expression.These data demonstrated that BA exerts its protective effect on F-2 toxin-induced ovarian oxidative impairment and inflammation by inhibiting p38 expression,which implies a natural product-based medicine to ameliorate F-2 toxin-caused female reproductive toxicity and provides a detoxifying method for food contaminated by mycotoxin.
文摘以双管法合成2-^(18)F-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄糖(^(18)F-FDG)为例,系统分析了影响^(18)F-FDG合成效率的各因素。结果表明,合成体系中的含水量是影响^(18)F-FDG合成效率的主要因素;不纯的回收H_2^(18)O也是合成效率下降的原因之一;前体的用量不低于15mg即可满足要求,缩短合成时间有利于提高合成的效率(End of Synthe-sis,EOS)。通过降低体系中水的含量,合成时间从55min缩短到44min,校正效率(End of Bombardment,EOB)从50％提高到65％。
