The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary oceanic anoxic event(OAE-2;Bonarelli event;~94 Ma)is associated with a species turnover in the marine calcareous microfossil record,widespread marine anoxia,black shale deposition and ...The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary oceanic anoxic event(OAE-2;Bonarelli event;~94 Ma)is associated with a species turnover in the marine calcareous microfossil record,widespread marine anoxia,black shale deposition and positiveδ13C excursions.This study reviews 141 CTBE sites globally,aiming to understand micropaleontological,geochemical,and sedimentological expressions of OAE-2.There is a clear palaeogeographic and palaeobathymetric heterogeneity in the development of OAE-2 marine anoxia.A majority of the documented OAE-2 sites are from deep marine environments.The calcareous nannoplankton and benthic foraminifera record a diversity decline,while planktic foraminifera shows community level shifts and no major mass extinction.The variability of total organic carbon in OAE-2 sediments across sites(<1 to>10 wt.%)and theδ13C profiles(diachronous)have been attributed to different mechanisms of anoxia development.The increased primary“productivity model”gains support from productivity proxies(e.g.,Ba,P,Cu,Ni),redox-sensitive elements(e.g.,Mn,Mo,U,V,As),and eutrophic genera(e.g.,benthic foraminifera Gabonita spp.,calcareous nannofossils Biscutum spp.and Zeugrhabdotus erectus).The enhanced organic carbon“preservation model”in stratified(semi)restricted basins gains support from sites with lower enrichment of redox-sensitive elements and oligotrophic flora and fauna in the OAE-2 records.Geochronology of the Caribbean and the High Atlantic Large Igneous Province events(CLIP and HALIP)mark them as likely triggers of the OAE-2 related global perturbation of marine biogeochemistry.Volcanic triggers may have caused climate warming,altered hydrological cycles,enhanced continental weathering,shifts in ocean circulation,and nutrient flows.Addressing knowledge gaps,further research is urged,utilizing innovative proxies,and exploring underrepresented depositional systems to comprehensively understand OAE-2 onset and biotic crisis.展开更多
背景钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT2i)作为降糖药,在心-肾-内分泌协同管理的背景下被证实能有效改善心力衰竭、慢性肾脏疾病和糖尿病患者预后,但其对于急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者临床获益仍备受争议。目的探讨SGLT2i对AMI患者经皮冠状动...背景钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT2i)作为降糖药,在心-肾-内分泌协同管理的背景下被证实能有效改善心力衰竭、慢性肾脏疾病和糖尿病患者预后,但其对于急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者临床获益仍备受争议。目的探讨SGLT2i对AMI患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)发生率的影响。方法通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase数据库筛选关于SGLT2i应用于AMI患者PCI术后的相关研究,由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用STATA 16.0软件进行Meta分析。结果本研究共纳入8项研究,共计16643例AMI患者。相较于PCI术后常规的二级预防,SGLT2i的加用不能降低患者全因死亡率(OR=0.88,95%CI=0.61~1.29,P=0.052)、心源性死亡率(OR=1.04,95%CI=0.83~1.30,P=0.735)、全因再入院率(OR=1.00,95%CI=0.91~1.14,P=0.952)和患者二次血运重建的发生(OR=0.87,95%CI=0.58~1.30,P=0.486),但可以有效降低AMI患者因心力衰竭再入院率(OR=0.71,95%CI=0.60~0.83,P<0.01),并且不增加重度药物不良反应事件的发生率(OR=0.99,95%CI=0.91~1.09,P=0.903)。结论加用SGLT2i可安全、有效地降低AMI患者PCI术后心力衰竭再入院率,对于其他MACEs的影响仍需更多高质量的随机对照研究加以佐证。展开更多
基金supported by The Department of Science and Technology (DST,India)SERB Grant CRG/2018/002202。
文摘The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary oceanic anoxic event(OAE-2;Bonarelli event;~94 Ma)is associated with a species turnover in the marine calcareous microfossil record,widespread marine anoxia,black shale deposition and positiveδ13C excursions.This study reviews 141 CTBE sites globally,aiming to understand micropaleontological,geochemical,and sedimentological expressions of OAE-2.There is a clear palaeogeographic and palaeobathymetric heterogeneity in the development of OAE-2 marine anoxia.A majority of the documented OAE-2 sites are from deep marine environments.The calcareous nannoplankton and benthic foraminifera record a diversity decline,while planktic foraminifera shows community level shifts and no major mass extinction.The variability of total organic carbon in OAE-2 sediments across sites(<1 to>10 wt.%)and theδ13C profiles(diachronous)have been attributed to different mechanisms of anoxia development.The increased primary“productivity model”gains support from productivity proxies(e.g.,Ba,P,Cu,Ni),redox-sensitive elements(e.g.,Mn,Mo,U,V,As),and eutrophic genera(e.g.,benthic foraminifera Gabonita spp.,calcareous nannofossils Biscutum spp.and Zeugrhabdotus erectus).The enhanced organic carbon“preservation model”in stratified(semi)restricted basins gains support from sites with lower enrichment of redox-sensitive elements and oligotrophic flora and fauna in the OAE-2 records.Geochronology of the Caribbean and the High Atlantic Large Igneous Province events(CLIP and HALIP)mark them as likely triggers of the OAE-2 related global perturbation of marine biogeochemistry.Volcanic triggers may have caused climate warming,altered hydrological cycles,enhanced continental weathering,shifts in ocean circulation,and nutrient flows.Addressing knowledge gaps,further research is urged,utilizing innovative proxies,and exploring underrepresented depositional systems to comprehensively understand OAE-2 onset and biotic crisis.
文摘背景钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT2i)作为降糖药,在心-肾-内分泌协同管理的背景下被证实能有效改善心力衰竭、慢性肾脏疾病和糖尿病患者预后,但其对于急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者临床获益仍备受争议。目的探讨SGLT2i对AMI患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)发生率的影响。方法通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase数据库筛选关于SGLT2i应用于AMI患者PCI术后的相关研究,由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用STATA 16.0软件进行Meta分析。结果本研究共纳入8项研究,共计16643例AMI患者。相较于PCI术后常规的二级预防,SGLT2i的加用不能降低患者全因死亡率(OR=0.88,95%CI=0.61~1.29,P=0.052)、心源性死亡率(OR=1.04,95%CI=0.83~1.30,P=0.735)、全因再入院率(OR=1.00,95%CI=0.91~1.14,P=0.952)和患者二次血运重建的发生(OR=0.87,95%CI=0.58~1.30,P=0.486),但可以有效降低AMI患者因心力衰竭再入院率(OR=0.71,95%CI=0.60~0.83,P<0.01),并且不增加重度药物不良反应事件的发生率(OR=0.99,95%CI=0.91~1.09,P=0.903)。结论加用SGLT2i可安全、有效地降低AMI患者PCI术后心力衰竭再入院率,对于其他MACEs的影响仍需更多高质量的随机对照研究加以佐证。
