Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating ga...Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers.Traditional formulations are less effective due to their limited water solubility and bioavailability.Methods:The study used solubility tests,pseudo-ternary phase diagrams,and central composite design(CCD)to optimize.The formulation was optimized by varying the oil concentration(10–40%)and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio(0.33–3.00),and then tested for droplet size,drug content,emulsification,phase stability,and in vitro dissolution.Results:The study found that the optimized formulation contained 14%Capmul PG 8NF oil,62%Labrasol surfactant,and 24%Tween 80 cosurfactant.This combination generated an average droplet size of 111.02 nm and improved drug release properties.Furthermore,the formulation was stable without phase separation,with a drug content of 88.2–99.8%.Conclusion:SMEDDS significantly improves lafutidine delivery by increasing solubility and absorption,thereby overcoming oral administration challenges.The system quickly formed small droplets in water and released the drug in 15 min.Enhancing lafutidine’s bioavailability may improve its efficacy in treating gastric ulcers,resulting in better patient outcomes and potentially lower dosing frequency.展开更多
Highlights●Salinity commonly hindered wheat germination,and using herb-derived carbon dots was an emerging approach to enhancing plant salt tolerance in agricultural production.●Wolfberry-driven carbon dots(Wo-CDs)w...Highlights●Salinity commonly hindered wheat germination,and using herb-derived carbon dots was an emerging approach to enhancing plant salt tolerance in agricultural production.●Wolfberry-driven carbon dots(Wo-CDs)were synthesized and applied as a nano-primer to enhance wheat salt tolerance by maintaining reactive oxygen species levels through early oxidative stress conditioning.展开更多
The authors are very sorry for their carelessness that a wrong Fig.9 was uploaded,and a corrected one has been shown below:This corrigendum does not affect the overall structure and analysis process of the study.The a...The authors are very sorry for their carelessness that a wrong Fig.9 was uploaded,and a corrected one has been shown below:This corrigendum does not affect the overall structure and analysis process of the study.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.展开更多
The femtosecond laser is commonly used for high-quality micromachining of materials.However,the interaction time between the femtosecond laser and the substrate material is extremely short,making it difficult for quan...The femtosecond laser is commonly used for high-quality micromachining of materials.However,the interaction time between the femtosecond laser and the substrate material is extremely short,making it difficult for quantitative measurements and analysis through experiments.In this work,we use a two-temperature model for simulation to study the ablation process of aluminum alloy and aluminum/titanium alloy under femtosecond laser pulse mode.The temperature changes and ablation process of both alloys under femtosecond laser burst irradiation were studied.The study found that when the separation time of sub-pulses was 1 ps,the surface temperature and ablation depth rised with the increase of sub-pulse numbers.A comparison was made between these two alloy types,and enhanced ablation was observed with the heterogeneous aluminum/titanium alloy,up to 34.7%deeper compared to aluminum alloy.Moreover,the detailed theoretical explanation was also discussed.This work provided a basis for efficient ablation of materials with low laser fluence.展开更多
On 2 December 2024,the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),Thai-China Culture and Economy Association(TCCEA)and the Chinese Embassy in Thailand jointly hosted the Civilisation Lecture Series eve...On 2 December 2024,the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),Thai-China Culture and Economy Association(TCCEA)and the Chinese Embassy in Thailand jointly hosted the Civilisation Lecture Series event themed Enhancing Exchanges and Integration among Civilisations and Writing A New Chapter of China-Thailand Brotherhood Relations.CAFIU President Ji Bingxuan,who was on a visit in Thailand,attended the event and delivered a keynote speech.展开更多
As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability...As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability of cathode materials under high-voltage conditions remains a critical challenge in improving its energy density.This review systematically explores the failure mechanisms of high-voltage cathode materials in AZIBs,including hydrogen evolution reaction,phase transformation and dissolution phenomena.To address these challenges,we propose a range of advanced strategies aimed at improving the stability of cathode materials.These strategies include surface coating and doping techniques designed to fortify the surface properties and structure integrity of the cathode materials under high-voltage conditions.Additionally,we emphasize the importance of designing antioxidant electrolytes,with a focus on understanding and optimizing electrolyte decomposition mechanisms.The review also highlights the significance of modifying conductive agents and employing innovative separators to further enhance the stability of AZIBs.By integrating these cutting-edge approaches,this review anticipates substantial advancements in the stability of high-voltage cathode materials,paving the way for the broader application and development of AZIBs in energy storage.展开更多
Nanoemulsions have garnered significant attention in the cosmetic industry due to their ability to enhance ingredient dispersion,improve topical absorption,and enable targeted delivery of active compounds within the s...Nanoemulsions have garnered significant attention in the cosmetic industry due to their ability to enhance ingredient dispersion,improve topical absorption,and enable targeted delivery of active compounds within the skin layers.These nano-sized emulsions allow skincare products,like moisturizers,anti-aging creams,and sunscreens,to penetrate the skin more deeply and be absorbed better.They can also release their active ingredients gradually,which enhances the product's effectiveness.Additionally,nanoemulsions are more stable,meaning they protect ingredients from breaking down or losing their effectiveness,which helps extend the shelf life of the products.However,despite their advantages,nanoemulsions come with challenges,such as difficulties in producing them on a large scale,meeting safety regulations,and ensuring they remain stable over time.Future research will likely focus on improving how these formulations are made,making sure they are safe to use,and exploring more environmentally friendly and personalized solutions for skincare.As this technology develops,nanoemulsions have the potential to transform cosmetic formulations by offering more innovative and effective skincare options.展开更多
High-water-cut mature reservoirs typically serve as the“ballast”for ensuring China’s annual crude oil production of 200 million tons.Despite the use of water flooding and chemical methods,over 40%of crude oil remai...High-water-cut mature reservoirs typically serve as the“ballast”for ensuring China’s annual crude oil production of 200 million tons.Despite the use of water flooding and chemical methods,over 40%of crude oil remains unexploited.It is critical to develop efficient revolutionary technologies to further enhance oil recovery(EOR)by a large percentage in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.To address this issue,the potential of vertical remaining oil in Daqing Oilfield is first analyzed from massive monitoring data.Using molecular dynamics simulation to design optimal synthetic routine,a copolymer without flu-orine or silicon is synthesized by modifying vinyl acetate(VAc)with maleic anhydride(MA)and styrene(St),and treated as a supercritical CO_(2)(scCO_(2))thickener.The underlying EOR mechanism of the scCO_(2) thickener is thereafter clarified by high-temperature,high-pressure oil displacement experiments.The EOR effect by thickened scCO_(2) flooding in a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir is predicted,and future technological advancements of the technique are ultimately discussed.Results show that the ver-tical remaining oil enriched in weakly swept zones is a primary target for further EOR in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.The copolymer typically exhibits good solubility,strong dispersion stability,and high thickening effect in scCO_(2).Under an ambient pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 50℃,the disso-lution of copolymer at a mass concentration of 0.2%can effectively increase the viscosity of scCO_(2) by 39.4 times.Due to the synergistic effect between expanding vertical swept volume and inhibiting gas channel-ing,crude oil recovery can be further enhanced by 23.1%for a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir when the scCO_(2) viscosity is increased by 50 times.Our understandings demonstrate that the thickened scCO_(2) flooding technology has significant technical advantages in high-water-cut mature reservoirs,with challenges and future development directions in field-scale applications also highlighted.展开更多
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most aggressive and fatal malignancies,with a 5-year survival rate of<15%.Despite significant advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy,these approache...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most aggressive and fatal malignancies,with a 5-year survival rate of<15%.Despite significant advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy,these approaches benefit only a limited subset of patients,leaving chemotherapy as the primary treatment modality for most patients.Chemotherapy is an essential adjunct to surgical resection,the only potentially curative option,playing a crucial role in reducing the tumor burden,delaying disease progression,and alleviating symptoms.However,its long-term efficacy is frequently undermined by the development of chemoresistance,wherein tumor cells adopt diverse strategies to evade or repair chemotherapy-induced damage.Addressing this critical barrier is imperative for improving the clinical outcomes of PDAC.This review comprehensively examines the multifaceted mechanisms of chemoresistance in PDAC and highlights innovative strategies designed to enhance chemosensitivity,thereby offering new hope for overcoming these challenges and improving patient survival.展开更多
This research investigates the application of digital images in military contexts by utilizing analytical equations to augment human visual capabilities.A comparable filter is used to improve the visual quality of the...This research investigates the application of digital images in military contexts by utilizing analytical equations to augment human visual capabilities.A comparable filter is used to improve the visual quality of the photographs by reducing truncations in the existing images.Furthermore,the collected images undergo processing using histogram gradients and a flexible threshold value that may be adjusted in specific situations.Thus,it is possible to reduce the occurrence of overlapping circumstances in collective picture characteristics by substituting grey-scale photos with colorized factors.The proposed method offers additional robust feature representations by imposing a limiting factor to reduce overall scattering values.This is achieved by visualizing a graphical function.Moreover,to derive valuable insights from a series of photos,both the separation and in-version processes are conducted.This involves analyzing comparison results across four different scenarios.The results of the comparative analysis show that the proposed method effectively reduces the difficulties associated with time and space to 1 s and 3%,respectively.In contrast,the existing strategy exhibits higher complexities of 3 s and 9.1%,respectively.展开更多
A recent study by Nishizawa et al presented significant findings regarding the advantages of next-generation colonoscopes,specifically the CF-XZ1200 and CFEZ1500 models,in enhancing the adenoma and sessile serrated le...A recent study by Nishizawa et al presented significant findings regarding the advantages of next-generation colonoscopes,specifically the CF-XZ1200 and CFEZ1500 models,in enhancing the adenoma and sessile serrated lesion detection rates.As colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally,the implications of improved detection rates are substantial.This letter advocated the adoption of advanced colonoscopy technology,emphasizing the robust methodology of the study,including propensity score matching,which enhanced the validity of its conclusions.Notable improvements in image quality,facilitated by innovations such as 4 K resolution and texture enhancement imaging,enable endoscopists to identify even the smallest lesions,ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.Given the compelling evidence presented,it is imperative for healthcare institutions to prioritize the integration of these advanced scopes into routine practice to enhance screening efficacy and reduce the burden of colorectal cancer.展开更多
This study was designed to enhance the soft clayey soil treatment effects using an innovative mechanochemically activated geopolymer(GP)through the optimized inclusion of nano-metakaolin(NM)and polypropylene fiber.The...This study was designed to enhance the soft clayey soil treatment effects using an innovative mechanochemically activated geopolymer(GP)through the optimized inclusion of nano-metakaolin(NM)and polypropylene fiber.The study also investigated the possible improvements in the binding ability of GP stabilization under different curing regimes.To this end,binders including lime alone,LG(slag-based geopolymer),LGNM(nano-modified LG with NM)and LGNMF(LGNM/fiber)mixture were separately added to soft soil samples.The fabricated composites were then subjected to a set of macro and micro level tests.The results indicated that,adding LG binary with a 20%NM replacement can lead to a significant increase(by nearly 21 times)in soil strength and a remarkable decline(about 70%)in the compression index.In fact,NM can play a great role in accelerating the rate of hydration reactions and forming a densely packed fabric,which staggeringly improve the soil hydromechanical attributes.It was also observed that raising the curing temperature will effectively augment the polymerization kinetics,leading to a substantial increase(~2 times)in the soil solidification process.However,the stabilized composites containing NM may reveal a brittle nature under more intense stress.Such a potential drawback seems to be resolved by the integration of fibers within the matrix.LGNM combined with fiber would boost(≥10 times)the energy absorption capacity of the soil,notably enhancing its residual strength.Overall,LGNMF may not only feature a broader range of benefits(inc.economic,technical,environmental)compared to traditional binders but also promote the ductility of the GP materials.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers diverse therapeutic compounds but faces challenges like poor bioavailability and instability.Recent innovations in drug delivery systems,including nanotechnology-based drug deli...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers diverse therapeutic compounds but faces challenges like poor bioavailability and instability.Recent innovations in drug delivery systems,including nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have shown potential to enhance solubility,stability,and therapeutic efficacy.This review examines these advancements,focusing on their mechanisms and applications in improving TCM formulations.Cutting-edge techniques,such as microneedles,iontophoretic patches,and self-orienting applicators,are also discussed for their potential to revolutionize TCM delivery.By bridging traditional wisdom with modern innovations,this review emphasizes the transformative role of these strategies in advancing TCM's integration into contemporary medicine.展开更多
In-situ conversion of subsurface hydrocarbons via electromagnetic(EM)heating has emerged as a promising technology for producing carbon-zero and affordable hydrogen(H_(2))directly from natural gas reservoirs.However,t...In-situ conversion of subsurface hydrocarbons via electromagnetic(EM)heating has emerged as a promising technology for producing carbon-zero and affordable hydrogen(H_(2))directly from natural gas reservoirs.However,the reaction pathways and role of water as an additional hydrogen donor in EM-assisted methane-to-hydrogen(CH_(4)-to-H_(2))conversion are poorly understood.Herein,we employ a combination of lab-scale EM-heating experiments and reaction modeling analyses to unravel reaction pathways and elucidate water's role in enhancing hydrogen production.The labelled hydrogen isotope of deuterium oxide(D_(2)O)is used to trace the sources of hydrogen.The results show that water significantly boosts hydrogen yield via coke gasification at around 400℃and steam methane reforming(SMR)reaction at over 600℃in the presence of sandstone.Water-gas shift reaction exhibits a minor impact on this enhancement.Reaction mechanism analyses reveal that the involvement of water can initiate auto-catalytic loop reactions with methane,which not only generates extra hydrogen but also produces OH radicals that enhance the reactants'reactivity.This work provides crucial insights into the reaction mechanisms involved in water-carbon-methane interactions and underscores water's potential as a hydrogen donor for in-situ hydrogen production from natural gas reservoirs.It also addresses the challenges related to carbon deposition and in-situ catalyst regeneration during EM heating,thus derisking this technology and laying a foundation for future pilots.展开更多
To enhance the resistance of honeycomb sandwich panel against local impact,this study delved into the matching relationship between face sheets and core.An integrated approach,combining experiment,simulation,and theor...To enhance the resistance of honeycomb sandwich panel against local impact,this study delved into the matching relationship between face sheets and core.An integrated approach,combining experiment,simulation,and theoretical methods,was used.Local loading experiments were conducted to validate the accuracy of the finite element model.Furthermore,a control equation was formulated to correlate structural parameters with response modes,and a matching coefficientλ(representing the ratio of core thickness to face sheet thickness)was introduced to establish a link between these parameters and impact characteristics.A demand-driven reverse design methodology for structural parameters was developed,with numerical simulations employed to assess its effectiveness.The results indicate that the proposed theory can accurately predict response modes and key indicators.An increase in theλbolsters the structural indentation resistance while concurrently heightens the likelihood of penetration.Conversely,a decrease in theλimproves the resistance to penetration,albeit potentially leading to significant deformations in the rear face sheet.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the reverse design methodology significantly enhances the structural penetration resistance.Comparative analyses indicate that appropriate matching reduces indentation depth by 27.4% and indentation radius by 41.8%of the proposed structure.展开更多
In clinical diagnosis,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)allows different contrast images to be obtained.High-resolution(HR)MRI presents fine anatomical structures,which is important for improving the efficiency of expert...In clinical diagnosis,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)allows different contrast images to be obtained.High-resolution(HR)MRI presents fine anatomical structures,which is important for improving the efficiency of expert diagnosis and realising smart healthcare.However,due to the cost of scanning equipment and the time required for scanning,obtaining an HR brain MRI is quite challenging.Therefore,to improve the quality of images,reference-based super-resolution technology has come into existence.Nevertheless,the existing methods still have some drawbacks:(1)The advantages of different contrast images are not fully utilised.(2)The slice-by-slice scanning nature of magnetic resonance imaging is not considered.(3)The ability to capture contextual information and to match and fuse multi-scale,multi-contrast features is lacking.In this paper,we propose the multi-slice aware matching and fusion(MSAMF)network,which makes full use of multi-slice reference images information by introducing a multi-slice aware module and multi-scale matching strategy to capture corresponding contextual information in reference features at other scales.To further integrate matching features,a multi-scale fusion mechanism is also designed to progressively fuse multi-scale matching features,thereby generating more detailed super-resolution images.The experimental results support the benefits of our network in enhancing the quality of brain MRI reconstruction.展开更多
Global mortality rates are greatly impacted by malignancies of the brain and nervous system.Although,Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)plays a pivotal role in detecting brain tumors;however,manual assessment is time-cons...Global mortality rates are greatly impacted by malignancies of the brain and nervous system.Although,Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)plays a pivotal role in detecting brain tumors;however,manual assessment is time-consuming and susceptible to human error.To address this,we introduce ICA2-SVM,an advanced computational framework integrating Independent Component Analysis Architecture-2(ICA2)and Support Vector Machine(SVM)for automated tumor segmentation and classification.ICA2 is utilized for image preprocessing and optimization,enhancing MRI consistency and contrast.The Fast-MarchingMethod(FMM)is employed to delineate tumor regions,followed by SVM for precise classification.Validation on the Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging(CEMRI)dataset demonstrates the superior performance of ICA2-SVM,achieving a Dice Similarity Coefficient(DSC)of 0.974,accuracy of 0.992,specificity of 0.99,and sensitivity of 0.99.Additionally,themodel surpasses existing approaches in computational efficiency,completing analysis within 0.41 s.By integrating state-of-the-art computational techniques,ICA2-SVM advances biomedical imaging,offering a highly accurate and efficient solution for brain tumor detection.Future research aims to incorporate multi-physics modeling and diverse classifiers to further enhance the adaptability and applicability of brain tumor diagnostic systems.展开更多
In this article,we evaluate the findings of the study by Qian et al,which explores the efficacy of combining hyperthermia with opioid therapy for enhanced cancer pain management in patients with middle and late-stage ...In this article,we evaluate the findings of the study by Qian et al,which explores the efficacy of combining hyperthermia with opioid therapy for enhanced cancer pain management in patients with middle and late-stage gastrointestinal tumors.The study undertakes a retrospective analysis comparing traditional opioid therapy to an integrated approach of hyperthermia and opioids across 70 patients,highlighting significant benefits in pain control,reduction of opioid dosage,and minimization of adverse reactions.In our article,we not only discuss these fin-dings but also emphasize the broader implications for clinical practice,parti-cularly in enhancing patient outcomes through innovative pain management strategies.We advocate for further research to establish more robust data su-pporting this approach and to explore the mechanistic insights that enable these benefits.This discussion reflects on the potential paradigm shift in managing debilitating cancer-related pain,urging a reevaluation of current practices to incorporate these findings effectively.展开更多
The integration of visual elements,such as emojis,into educational content represents a promising approach to enhancing student engagement and comprehension.However,existing efforts in emoji integration often lack sys...The integration of visual elements,such as emojis,into educational content represents a promising approach to enhancing student engagement and comprehension.However,existing efforts in emoji integration often lack systematic frameworks capable of addressing the contextual and pedagogical nuances required for effective implementation.This paper introduces a novel framework that combines Data-Driven Error-Correcting Output Codes(DECOC),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks,and Multi-Layer Deep Neural Networks(ML-DNN)to identify optimal emoji placements within computer science course materials.The originality of the proposed system lies in its ability to leverage sentiment analysis techniques and contextual embeddings to align emoji recommendations with both the emotional tone and learning objectives of course content.A meticulously annotated dataset,comprising diverse topics in computer science,was developed to train and validate the model,ensuring its applicability across a wide range of educational contexts.Comprehensive validation demonstrated the system’s superior performance,achieving an accuracy of 92.4%,precision of 90.7%,recall of 89.3%,and an F1-score of 90.0%.Comparative analysis with baselinemodels and relatedworks confirms themodel’s ability tooutperformexisting approaches inbalancing accuracy,relevance,and contextual appropriateness.Beyond its technical advancements,this framework offers practical benefits for educators by providing an Artificial Intelligence-assisted(AI-assisted)tool that facilitates personalized content adaptation based on student sentiment and engagement patterns.By automating the identification of appropriate emoji placements,teachers can enhance digital course materials with minimal effort,improving the clarity of complex concepts and fostering an emotionally supportive learning environment.This paper contributes to the emerging field of AI-enhanced education by addressing critical gaps in personalized content delivery and pedagogical support.Its findings highlight the transformative potential of integrating AI-driven emoji placement systems into educational materials,offering an innovative tool for fostering student engagement and enhancing learning outcomes.The proposed framework establishes a foundation for future advancements in the visual augmentation of educational resources,emphasizing scalability and adaptability for broader applications in e-learning.展开更多
This paper introduces a novel approach combining radial borehole fracturing with Water-Alternating-Gas(WAG)injection,enabling simultaneous WAG injection and shale oil production in a single vertical well.A numerical r...This paper introduces a novel approach combining radial borehole fracturing with Water-Alternating-Gas(WAG)injection,enabling simultaneous WAG injection and shale oil production in a single vertical well.A numerical reservoir model incorporating the modified exponential non-Darcy law,stress sensitivity,and diffusion is established.The spatial distribution of permeability reduction shows that stress sensitivity enhances the non-Darcy effect,with apparent permeability decreasing to 0-92.1%of the initial value,highlighting the importance of maintaining reservoir pressure.Continuous CO_(2) flooding leads to early gas breakthrough,while continuous water flooding has less displacement efficiency.A 30%water-to-gas injection time ratio improves oil production and delays gas breakthrough compared to continuous CO_(2) injection.Optimal conditions for effective recovery are identified as an initial production period of 100 d and a well vertical spacing of 30 m.This study compares the production capacity of WAG operations under radial borehole fracturing and horizontal well fracturing.When the number of wells is two for both cases,the production capacity of radial borehole fracturing is comparable to that of five-stage horizontal well fracturing,indicating that radial borehole fracturing can serve as an alternative or supplement to horizontal well fracturing when the reservoir volume is limited.This study offers a new method and theoretical basis for the efficient development of shale oil.展开更多
文摘Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers.Traditional formulations are less effective due to their limited water solubility and bioavailability.Methods:The study used solubility tests,pseudo-ternary phase diagrams,and central composite design(CCD)to optimize.The formulation was optimized by varying the oil concentration(10–40%)and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio(0.33–3.00),and then tested for droplet size,drug content,emulsification,phase stability,and in vitro dissolution.Results:The study found that the optimized formulation contained 14%Capmul PG 8NF oil,62%Labrasol surfactant,and 24%Tween 80 cosurfactant.This combination generated an average droplet size of 111.02 nm and improved drug release properties.Furthermore,the formulation was stable without phase separation,with a drug content of 88.2–99.8%.Conclusion:SMEDDS significantly improves lafutidine delivery by increasing solubility and absorption,thereby overcoming oral administration challenges.The system quickly formed small droplets in water and released the drug in 15 min.Enhancing lafutidine’s bioavailability may improve its efficacy in treating gastric ulcers,resulting in better patient outcomes and potentially lower dosing frequency.
基金funded by the President’s Fund of Tarim University,China(TDZKBS202408 and TDZKCX202414)the Shihezi University High-Level Talent Project,China(RCZK202339)+1 种基金the Key Technology R&D Fund for Key Fields in the Production and Construction Corps,China(2024AB007)the Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJ05040103)。
文摘Highlights●Salinity commonly hindered wheat germination,and using herb-derived carbon dots was an emerging approach to enhancing plant salt tolerance in agricultural production.●Wolfberry-driven carbon dots(Wo-CDs)were synthesized and applied as a nano-primer to enhance wheat salt tolerance by maintaining reactive oxygen species levels through early oxidative stress conditioning.
文摘The authors are very sorry for their carelessness that a wrong Fig.9 was uploaded,and a corrected one has been shown below:This corrigendum does not affect the overall structure and analysis process of the study.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
基金Project(2023YFB4604200)supported by National Key R&D Program of ChinaProjects(52475499,52222513,52075557)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China+5 种基金Project(2021RC3011)supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2024JJ5426)supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2023CXQD019)supported by the Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme,ChinaProject(ZZYJKT2023-12)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance,Central South University,ChinaProject(IMETKF2024018)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,ChinaProject(2024ZZTS0102)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘The femtosecond laser is commonly used for high-quality micromachining of materials.However,the interaction time between the femtosecond laser and the substrate material is extremely short,making it difficult for quantitative measurements and analysis through experiments.In this work,we use a two-temperature model for simulation to study the ablation process of aluminum alloy and aluminum/titanium alloy under femtosecond laser pulse mode.The temperature changes and ablation process of both alloys under femtosecond laser burst irradiation were studied.The study found that when the separation time of sub-pulses was 1 ps,the surface temperature and ablation depth rised with the increase of sub-pulse numbers.A comparison was made between these two alloy types,and enhanced ablation was observed with the heterogeneous aluminum/titanium alloy,up to 34.7%deeper compared to aluminum alloy.Moreover,the detailed theoretical explanation was also discussed.This work provided a basis for efficient ablation of materials with low laser fluence.
文摘On 2 December 2024,the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),Thai-China Culture and Economy Association(TCCEA)and the Chinese Embassy in Thailand jointly hosted the Civilisation Lecture Series event themed Enhancing Exchanges and Integration among Civilisations and Writing A New Chapter of China-Thailand Brotherhood Relations.CAFIU President Ji Bingxuan,who was on a visit in Thailand,attended the event and delivered a keynote speech.
基金supported by the Exchange Program of Highend Foreign Experts of Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China(No.G2023041003L)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.23JK0367)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Startup Program for Introduced Talents of Shaanxi University of Technology(Nos.SLGRCQD2208,SLGRCQD2306,SLGRCQD2133)Contaminated Soil Remediation and Resource Utilization Innovation Team at Shaanxi University of Technology。
文摘As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability of cathode materials under high-voltage conditions remains a critical challenge in improving its energy density.This review systematically explores the failure mechanisms of high-voltage cathode materials in AZIBs,including hydrogen evolution reaction,phase transformation and dissolution phenomena.To address these challenges,we propose a range of advanced strategies aimed at improving the stability of cathode materials.These strategies include surface coating and doping techniques designed to fortify the surface properties and structure integrity of the cathode materials under high-voltage conditions.Additionally,we emphasize the importance of designing antioxidant electrolytes,with a focus on understanding and optimizing electrolyte decomposition mechanisms.The review also highlights the significance of modifying conductive agents and employing innovative separators to further enhance the stability of AZIBs.By integrating these cutting-edge approaches,this review anticipates substantial advancements in the stability of high-voltage cathode materials,paving the way for the broader application and development of AZIBs in energy storage.
文摘Nanoemulsions have garnered significant attention in the cosmetic industry due to their ability to enhance ingredient dispersion,improve topical absorption,and enable targeted delivery of active compounds within the skin layers.These nano-sized emulsions allow skincare products,like moisturizers,anti-aging creams,and sunscreens,to penetrate the skin more deeply and be absorbed better.They can also release their active ingredients gradually,which enhances the product's effectiveness.Additionally,nanoemulsions are more stable,meaning they protect ingredients from breaking down or losing their effectiveness,which helps extend the shelf life of the products.However,despite their advantages,nanoemulsions come with challenges,such as difficulties in producing them on a large scale,meeting safety regulations,and ensuring they remain stable over time.Future research will likely focus on improving how these formulations are made,making sure they are safe to use,and exploring more environmentally friendly and personalized solutions for skincare.As this technology develops,nanoemulsions have the potential to transform cosmetic formulations by offering more innovative and effective skincare options.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B6005,52174043,52474035)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(3242019)the China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)Innovation Foundation(2022DQ02-0208 and 2024DQ02-0114).
文摘High-water-cut mature reservoirs typically serve as the“ballast”for ensuring China’s annual crude oil production of 200 million tons.Despite the use of water flooding and chemical methods,over 40%of crude oil remains unexploited.It is critical to develop efficient revolutionary technologies to further enhance oil recovery(EOR)by a large percentage in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.To address this issue,the potential of vertical remaining oil in Daqing Oilfield is first analyzed from massive monitoring data.Using molecular dynamics simulation to design optimal synthetic routine,a copolymer without flu-orine or silicon is synthesized by modifying vinyl acetate(VAc)with maleic anhydride(MA)and styrene(St),and treated as a supercritical CO_(2)(scCO_(2))thickener.The underlying EOR mechanism of the scCO_(2) thickener is thereafter clarified by high-temperature,high-pressure oil displacement experiments.The EOR effect by thickened scCO_(2) flooding in a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir is predicted,and future technological advancements of the technique are ultimately discussed.Results show that the ver-tical remaining oil enriched in weakly swept zones is a primary target for further EOR in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.The copolymer typically exhibits good solubility,strong dispersion stability,and high thickening effect in scCO_(2).Under an ambient pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 50℃,the disso-lution of copolymer at a mass concentration of 0.2%can effectively increase the viscosity of scCO_(2) by 39.4 times.Due to the synergistic effect between expanding vertical swept volume and inhibiting gas channel-ing,crude oil recovery can be further enhanced by 23.1%for a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir when the scCO_(2) viscosity is increased by 50 times.Our understandings demonstrate that the thickened scCO_(2) flooding technology has significant technical advantages in high-water-cut mature reservoirs,with challenges and future development directions in field-scale applications also highlighted.
基金supported by grants from the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2024-I2M-ZD-001)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC2413400)+5 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272917,No.62133006,No.82203158,No.82473086,No.82473096,and No.82403006)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7242104,No.7244385,and No.L248053)Research and Translational Application of Clinical Characteristic Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques in the Capital(No.Z221100007422070)Beijing Science and Technology Plan(No.Z231100007223006)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.2022-PUMCH-B-004)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20240074).
文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most aggressive and fatal malignancies,with a 5-year survival rate of<15%.Despite significant advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy,these approaches benefit only a limited subset of patients,leaving chemotherapy as the primary treatment modality for most patients.Chemotherapy is an essential adjunct to surgical resection,the only potentially curative option,playing a crucial role in reducing the tumor burden,delaying disease progression,and alleviating symptoms.However,its long-term efficacy is frequently undermined by the development of chemoresistance,wherein tumor cells adopt diverse strategies to evade or repair chemotherapy-induced damage.Addressing this critical barrier is imperative for improving the clinical outcomes of PDAC.This review comprehensively examines the multifaceted mechanisms of chemoresistance in PDAC and highlights innovative strategies designed to enhance chemosensitivity,thereby offering new hope for overcoming these challenges and improving patient survival.
基金financially supported by Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-846),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘This research investigates the application of digital images in military contexts by utilizing analytical equations to augment human visual capabilities.A comparable filter is used to improve the visual quality of the photographs by reducing truncations in the existing images.Furthermore,the collected images undergo processing using histogram gradients and a flexible threshold value that may be adjusted in specific situations.Thus,it is possible to reduce the occurrence of overlapping circumstances in collective picture characteristics by substituting grey-scale photos with colorized factors.The proposed method offers additional robust feature representations by imposing a limiting factor to reduce overall scattering values.This is achieved by visualizing a graphical function.Moreover,to derive valuable insights from a series of photos,both the separation and in-version processes are conducted.This involves analyzing comparison results across four different scenarios.The results of the comparative analysis show that the proposed method effectively reduces the difficulties associated with time and space to 1 s and 3%,respectively.In contrast,the existing strategy exhibits higher complexities of 3 s and 9.1%,respectively.
文摘A recent study by Nishizawa et al presented significant findings regarding the advantages of next-generation colonoscopes,specifically the CF-XZ1200 and CFEZ1500 models,in enhancing the adenoma and sessile serrated lesion detection rates.As colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally,the implications of improved detection rates are substantial.This letter advocated the adoption of advanced colonoscopy technology,emphasizing the robust methodology of the study,including propensity score matching,which enhanced the validity of its conclusions.Notable improvements in image quality,facilitated by innovations such as 4 K resolution and texture enhancement imaging,enable endoscopists to identify even the smallest lesions,ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.Given the compelling evidence presented,it is imperative for healthcare institutions to prioritize the integration of these advanced scopes into routine practice to enhance screening efficacy and reduce the burden of colorectal cancer.
文摘This study was designed to enhance the soft clayey soil treatment effects using an innovative mechanochemically activated geopolymer(GP)through the optimized inclusion of nano-metakaolin(NM)and polypropylene fiber.The study also investigated the possible improvements in the binding ability of GP stabilization under different curing regimes.To this end,binders including lime alone,LG(slag-based geopolymer),LGNM(nano-modified LG with NM)and LGNMF(LGNM/fiber)mixture were separately added to soft soil samples.The fabricated composites were then subjected to a set of macro and micro level tests.The results indicated that,adding LG binary with a 20%NM replacement can lead to a significant increase(by nearly 21 times)in soil strength and a remarkable decline(about 70%)in the compression index.In fact,NM can play a great role in accelerating the rate of hydration reactions and forming a densely packed fabric,which staggeringly improve the soil hydromechanical attributes.It was also observed that raising the curing temperature will effectively augment the polymerization kinetics,leading to a substantial increase(~2 times)in the soil solidification process.However,the stabilized composites containing NM may reveal a brittle nature under more intense stress.Such a potential drawback seems to be resolved by the integration of fibers within the matrix.LGNM combined with fiber would boost(≥10 times)the energy absorption capacity of the soil,notably enhancing its residual strength.Overall,LGNMF may not only feature a broader range of benefits(inc.economic,technical,environmental)compared to traditional binders but also promote the ductility of the GP materials.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers diverse therapeutic compounds but faces challenges like poor bioavailability and instability.Recent innovations in drug delivery systems,including nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have shown potential to enhance solubility,stability,and therapeutic efficacy.This review examines these advancements,focusing on their mechanisms and applications in improving TCM formulations.Cutting-edge techniques,such as microneedles,iontophoretic patches,and self-orienting applicators,are also discussed for their potential to revolutionize TCM delivery.By bridging traditional wisdom with modern innovations,this review emphasizes the transformative role of these strategies in advancing TCM's integration into contemporary medicine.
基金supported by a generous gift from The CH Foundationthe support from the Distinguished Graduate Student Assistantship and the Graduate Research Support Award at Texas Tech University+1 种基金the Aid fund from AAPGthe Matejek Family Faculty Fellowship。
文摘In-situ conversion of subsurface hydrocarbons via electromagnetic(EM)heating has emerged as a promising technology for producing carbon-zero and affordable hydrogen(H_(2))directly from natural gas reservoirs.However,the reaction pathways and role of water as an additional hydrogen donor in EM-assisted methane-to-hydrogen(CH_(4)-to-H_(2))conversion are poorly understood.Herein,we employ a combination of lab-scale EM-heating experiments and reaction modeling analyses to unravel reaction pathways and elucidate water's role in enhancing hydrogen production.The labelled hydrogen isotope of deuterium oxide(D_(2)O)is used to trace the sources of hydrogen.The results show that water significantly boosts hydrogen yield via coke gasification at around 400℃and steam methane reforming(SMR)reaction at over 600℃in the presence of sandstone.Water-gas shift reaction exhibits a minor impact on this enhancement.Reaction mechanism analyses reveal that the involvement of water can initiate auto-catalytic loop reactions with methane,which not only generates extra hydrogen but also produces OH radicals that enhance the reactants'reactivity.This work provides crucial insights into the reaction mechanisms involved in water-carbon-methane interactions and underscores water's potential as a hydrogen donor for in-situ hydrogen production from natural gas reservoirs.It also addresses the challenges related to carbon deposition and in-situ catalyst regeneration during EM heating,thus derisking this technology and laying a foundation for future pilots.
基金Project(2022A02480004)supported by the Major Project of China Railway Design CorporationProject(2023RC1011)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China+2 种基金Project(2024JJ6515)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(kq2402220)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City,ChinaProject(52402438)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘To enhance the resistance of honeycomb sandwich panel against local impact,this study delved into the matching relationship between face sheets and core.An integrated approach,combining experiment,simulation,and theoretical methods,was used.Local loading experiments were conducted to validate the accuracy of the finite element model.Furthermore,a control equation was formulated to correlate structural parameters with response modes,and a matching coefficientλ(representing the ratio of core thickness to face sheet thickness)was introduced to establish a link between these parameters and impact characteristics.A demand-driven reverse design methodology for structural parameters was developed,with numerical simulations employed to assess its effectiveness.The results indicate that the proposed theory can accurately predict response modes and key indicators.An increase in theλbolsters the structural indentation resistance while concurrently heightens the likelihood of penetration.Conversely,a decrease in theλimproves the resistance to penetration,albeit potentially leading to significant deformations in the rear face sheet.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the reverse design methodology significantly enhances the structural penetration resistance.Comparative analyses indicate that appropriate matching reduces indentation depth by 27.4% and indentation radius by 41.8%of the proposed structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 62376184,62206196,62403345,62303445)Shanxi Provincial Special Guidance Program for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements(Grants 202304021301035,202404021301032)Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Project(Grant YDZJSX20231A017).
文摘In clinical diagnosis,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)allows different contrast images to be obtained.High-resolution(HR)MRI presents fine anatomical structures,which is important for improving the efficiency of expert diagnosis and realising smart healthcare.However,due to the cost of scanning equipment and the time required for scanning,obtaining an HR brain MRI is quite challenging.Therefore,to improve the quality of images,reference-based super-resolution technology has come into existence.Nevertheless,the existing methods still have some drawbacks:(1)The advantages of different contrast images are not fully utilised.(2)The slice-by-slice scanning nature of magnetic resonance imaging is not considered.(3)The ability to capture contextual information and to match and fuse multi-scale,multi-contrast features is lacking.In this paper,we propose the multi-slice aware matching and fusion(MSAMF)network,which makes full use of multi-slice reference images information by introducing a multi-slice aware module and multi-scale matching strategy to capture corresponding contextual information in reference features at other scales.To further integrate matching features,a multi-scale fusion mechanism is also designed to progressively fuse multi-scale matching features,thereby generating more detailed super-resolution images.The experimental results support the benefits of our network in enhancing the quality of brain MRI reconstruction.
基金supported by the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Najran University through funding code NU/GP/MRC/13/771-1.
文摘Global mortality rates are greatly impacted by malignancies of the brain and nervous system.Although,Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)plays a pivotal role in detecting brain tumors;however,manual assessment is time-consuming and susceptible to human error.To address this,we introduce ICA2-SVM,an advanced computational framework integrating Independent Component Analysis Architecture-2(ICA2)and Support Vector Machine(SVM)for automated tumor segmentation and classification.ICA2 is utilized for image preprocessing and optimization,enhancing MRI consistency and contrast.The Fast-MarchingMethod(FMM)is employed to delineate tumor regions,followed by SVM for precise classification.Validation on the Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging(CEMRI)dataset demonstrates the superior performance of ICA2-SVM,achieving a Dice Similarity Coefficient(DSC)of 0.974,accuracy of 0.992,specificity of 0.99,and sensitivity of 0.99.Additionally,themodel surpasses existing approaches in computational efficiency,completing analysis within 0.41 s.By integrating state-of-the-art computational techniques,ICA2-SVM advances biomedical imaging,offering a highly accurate and efficient solution for brain tumor detection.Future research aims to incorporate multi-physics modeling and diverse classifiers to further enhance the adaptability and applicability of brain tumor diagnostic systems.
基金Supported by the Shandong Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project,No.202203030713Science and Technology Program of Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University,No.YTFY2022KYQD06.
文摘In this article,we evaluate the findings of the study by Qian et al,which explores the efficacy of combining hyperthermia with opioid therapy for enhanced cancer pain management in patients with middle and late-stage gastrointestinal tumors.The study undertakes a retrospective analysis comparing traditional opioid therapy to an integrated approach of hyperthermia and opioids across 70 patients,highlighting significant benefits in pain control,reduction of opioid dosage,and minimization of adverse reactions.In our article,we not only discuss these fin-dings but also emphasize the broader implications for clinical practice,parti-cularly in enhancing patient outcomes through innovative pain management strategies.We advocate for further research to establish more robust data su-pporting this approach and to explore the mechanistic insights that enable these benefits.This discussion reflects on the potential paradigm shift in managing debilitating cancer-related pain,urging a reevaluation of current practices to incorporate these findings effectively.
基金funded by the Deanship of Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Research at Majmaah University,grant number[R-2025-1637].
文摘The integration of visual elements,such as emojis,into educational content represents a promising approach to enhancing student engagement and comprehension.However,existing efforts in emoji integration often lack systematic frameworks capable of addressing the contextual and pedagogical nuances required for effective implementation.This paper introduces a novel framework that combines Data-Driven Error-Correcting Output Codes(DECOC),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks,and Multi-Layer Deep Neural Networks(ML-DNN)to identify optimal emoji placements within computer science course materials.The originality of the proposed system lies in its ability to leverage sentiment analysis techniques and contextual embeddings to align emoji recommendations with both the emotional tone and learning objectives of course content.A meticulously annotated dataset,comprising diverse topics in computer science,was developed to train and validate the model,ensuring its applicability across a wide range of educational contexts.Comprehensive validation demonstrated the system’s superior performance,achieving an accuracy of 92.4%,precision of 90.7%,recall of 89.3%,and an F1-score of 90.0%.Comparative analysis with baselinemodels and relatedworks confirms themodel’s ability tooutperformexisting approaches inbalancing accuracy,relevance,and contextual appropriateness.Beyond its technical advancements,this framework offers practical benefits for educators by providing an Artificial Intelligence-assisted(AI-assisted)tool that facilitates personalized content adaptation based on student sentiment and engagement patterns.By automating the identification of appropriate emoji placements,teachers can enhance digital course materials with minimal effort,improving the clarity of complex concepts and fostering an emotionally supportive learning environment.This paper contributes to the emerging field of AI-enhanced education by addressing critical gaps in personalized content delivery and pedagogical support.Its findings highlight the transformative potential of integrating AI-driven emoji placement systems into educational materials,offering an innovative tool for fostering student engagement and enhancing learning outcomes.The proposed framework establishes a foundation for future advancements in the visual augmentation of educational resources,emphasizing scalability and adaptability for broader applications in e-learning.
基金the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204063)the Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Exploration,Ministry of Natural Resources(Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources),Chongqing,China(KLSGE-202202).
文摘This paper introduces a novel approach combining radial borehole fracturing with Water-Alternating-Gas(WAG)injection,enabling simultaneous WAG injection and shale oil production in a single vertical well.A numerical reservoir model incorporating the modified exponential non-Darcy law,stress sensitivity,and diffusion is established.The spatial distribution of permeability reduction shows that stress sensitivity enhances the non-Darcy effect,with apparent permeability decreasing to 0-92.1%of the initial value,highlighting the importance of maintaining reservoir pressure.Continuous CO_(2) flooding leads to early gas breakthrough,while continuous water flooding has less displacement efficiency.A 30%water-to-gas injection time ratio improves oil production and delays gas breakthrough compared to continuous CO_(2) injection.Optimal conditions for effective recovery are identified as an initial production period of 100 d and a well vertical spacing of 30 m.This study compares the production capacity of WAG operations under radial borehole fracturing and horizontal well fracturing.When the number of wells is two for both cases,the production capacity of radial borehole fracturing is comparable to that of five-stage horizontal well fracturing,indicating that radial borehole fracturing can serve as an alternative or supplement to horizontal well fracturing when the reservoir volume is limited.This study offers a new method and theoretical basis for the efficient development of shale oil.
