BACKGROUND Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters(VETC)represent a recently discovered vascular pattern associated with novel metastasis mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,it seems that no one have focu...BACKGROUND Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters(VETC)represent a recently discovered vascular pattern associated with novel metastasis mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,it seems that no one have focused on predicting VETC status in small HCC(sHCC).This study aimed to develop a new nomogram for predicting VETC positivity using preoperative clinical data and image features in sHCC(≤3 cm)patients.AIM To construct a nomogram that combines preoperative clinical parameters and image features to predict patterns of VETC and evaluate the prognosis of sHCC patients.METHODS A total of 309 patients with sHCC,who underwent segmental resection and had their VETC status confirmed,were included in the study.These patients were recruited from three different hospitals:Hospital 1 contributed 177 patients for the training set,Hospital 2 provided 78 patients for the test set,and Hospital 3 provided 54 patients for the validation set.Independent predictors of VETC were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic analyses.These independent predictors were then used to construct a VETC prediction model for sHCC.The model’s performance was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC),calibration curve,and clinical decision curve.Additionally,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to confirm whether the predicted VETC status by the model is associated with early recurrence,just as it is with the actual VETC status and early recurrence.RESULTS Alpha-fetoprotein_lg10,carbohydrate antigen 199,irregular shape,non-smooth margin,and arterial peritumoral enhancement were identified as independent predictors of VETC.The model incorporating these predictors demonstrated strong predictive performance.The AUC was 0.811 for the training set,0.800 for the test set,and 0.791 for the validation set.The calibration curve indicated that the predicted probability was consistent with the actual VETC status in all three sets.Furthermore,the decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical benefits of our model for patients with sHCC.Finally,early recurrence was more likely to occur in the VETC-positive group compared to the VETC-negative group,regardless of whether considering the actual or predicted VETC status.CONCLUSION Our novel prediction model demonstrates strong performance in predicting VETC positivity in sHCC(≤3 cm)patients,and it holds potential for predicting early recurrence.This model equips clinicians with valuable information to make informed clinical treatment decisions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Recently,vessels encapsulating tumor clusters(VETC)was considered as a distinct pattern of tumor vascularization which can primarily facilitate the entry of the whole tumor cluster into the bloodstream in a...BACKGROUND Recently,vessels encapsulating tumor clusters(VETC)was considered as a distinct pattern of tumor vascularization which can primarily facilitate the entry of the whole tumor cluster into the bloodstream in an invasion independent manner,and was regarded as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).AIM To develop and validate a preoperative nomogram using contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)to predict the presence of VETC+in HCC.METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 190 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC who underwent CECT scanning and immunochemical staining for cluster of differentiation 34 at two medical centers.Radiomics analysis was conducted on intratumoral and peritumoral regions in the portal vein phase.Radiomics features,essential for identifying VETC+HCC,were extracted and utilized to develop a radiomics model using machine learning algorithms in the training set.The model’s performance was validated on two separate test sets.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis was employed to compare the identified performance of three models in predicting the VETC status of HCC on both training and test sets.The most predictive model was then used to constructed a radiomics nomogram that integrated the independent clinical-radiological features.ROC and decision curve analysis were used to assess the performance characteristics of the clinical-radiological features,the radiomics features and the radiomics nomogram.RESULTS The study included 190 individuals from two independent centers,with the majority being male(81%)and a median age of 57 years(interquartile range:51-66).The area under the curve(AUC)for the combined radiomics features selected from the intratumoral and peritumoral areas were 0.825,0.788,and 0.680 in the training set and the two test sets.A total of 13 features were selected to construct the Rad-score.The nomogram,combining clinicalradiological and combined radiomics features could accurately predict VETC+in all three sets,with AUC values of 0.859,0.848 and 0.757.Decision curve analysis revealed that the radiomics nomogram was more clinically useful than both the clinical-radiological feature and the combined radiomics models.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential utility of a CECT-based radiomics nomogram,incorporating clinicalradiological features and combined radiomics features,in the identification of VETC+HCC.展开更多
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS) is a debilitating condition characterized by a fibrocollagenous membrane encasing the small intestine, resulting in recurrent small bowel obstructions. EPS is most commonly asso...Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS) is a debilitating condition characterized by a fibrocollagenous membrane encasing the small intestine, resulting in recurrent small bowel obstructions. EPS is most commonly associated with long-term peritoneal dialysis, though medications, peritoneal infection, and systemic inflammatory disorders have been implicated. Many cases remain idiopathic. Diagnosis is often delayed given the rarity of the disorder combined with non-specific symptoms and laboratory findings. Although cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography of the abdomen can be suggestive of the disorder, many patients undergo exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis. Mortality approaches 50% one year after diagnosis. Treatment for EPS involves treating the underlying condition or eliminating possible inciting agents(i.e. peritoneal dialysis, medications, infections) and nutritional support, frequently with total parenteral nutrition. EPSspecific treatment depends on the disease stage. In the inflammatory stage, corticosteroids are the treatment of choice, while in the fibrotic stage, tamoxifen may be beneficial. In practice, distinguishing between stages may be difficult and both may be used. Surgical intervention, consisting of peritonectomy and enterolysis, is timeconsuming and high-risk and is reserved for situations in which conservative medical therapy fails in institutions with surgical expertise in this area. Herein we review the available literature of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare, but potentially devastating disease.展开更多
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction that is characterized by a thick grayish-white fibrotic membrane encasing the small bowel. SEP can be classified as idiopathic,also ...Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction that is characterized by a thick grayish-white fibrotic membrane encasing the small bowel. SEP can be classified as idiopathic,also known as abdominal cocoon,or secondary. It is difficult to make a definite pre-operative diagnosis. We experienced five cases of abdominal cocoon,and the case files were reviewed retrospectively for the clinical presentation,operative findings and outcome. All the patients presented with acute,subacute and chronic intestinal obstruction. Computed tomography (CT) showed characteristic findings of small bowel loops congregated to the center of the abdomen encased by a soft-tissue density mantle in four cases. Four cases had an uneventful post-operative period,one case received second adhesiolysis due to persistent ileus. The imaging techniques may facilitate pre-operative diagnosis. Surgery is important in the management of SEP.展开更多
We report a patient with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and refractory ascites who had received a peritoneal-venous shunt （PVS） 1 year before liver transplantation, Urgent surgical intervention followi...We report a patient with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and refractory ascites who had received a peritoneal-venous shunt （PVS） 1 year before liver transplantation, Urgent surgical intervention following bowel obstruction and failure of immunosuppression therapy. No intestinal obstruction was found during an initial PVS. However, intestinal obstruction developed 2 was found upon exploration. This is the first reported case of cocoon abdomen caused by PVS and exacerbated by liver transplantation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primary encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS)is a rare but devastating disease that causes fibrocollagenous cocoon-like encapsulation of the bowel,resulting in bowel obstruction.The pathogenesis,preventio...BACKGROUND Primary encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS)is a rare but devastating disease that causes fibrocollagenous cocoon-like encapsulation of the bowel,resulting in bowel obstruction.The pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment strategies of EPS remain unclear so far.Since most patients are diagnosed during exploratory laparotomy,for the non-surgically diagnosed patients with primary EPS,the surgical timing is also uncertain.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old female patient was referred to our center on September 6,2021,with complaints of abdominal distention and bilious vomiting for 2 d.Physical examination revealed that the vital signs were stable,and the abdomen was slightly distended.Computerized tomography scan showed a conglomerate of multiple intestinal loops encapsulated in a thick sac-like membrane,which was surrounded by abdominal ascites.The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic EPS.Recovery was observed after abdominal paracentesis,and the patient was discharged on September 13 after the resumption of a normal diet.This case raised a question:When should an exploratory laparotomy be performed on patients who are non-surgically diagnosed with EPS.As a result,we conducted a review of the literature on the clinical manifestations,intraoperative findings,surgical methods,and therapeutic effects of EPS.CONCLUSION Recurrent intestinal obstructions and abdominal mass combined with the imaging of encapsulated bowel are helpful in diagnosing idiopathic EPS.Small intestinal resection should be avoided.展开更多
BACKGROUND Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS)is hard to diagnose because of nonspecific symptoms and signs.It is a general consensus that EPS is classified as primary and secondary.There have been several studies...BACKGROUND Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS)is hard to diagnose because of nonspecific symptoms and signs.It is a general consensus that EPS is classified as primary and secondary.There have been several studies discovering some highrisk factors such as liver cirrhosis,of which AMA-M2 is a biomarker,and intraabdominal surgery such as laparoscopic surgery.Imaging studies help to diagnose EPS and exploratory laparotomy might be an alternative if imaging fails.Nowadays,laparotomy plays a key role in treating EPS,especially when medical treatments do not work and medical therapy fails to ease patients’symptoms.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old man complained of unexplained vomiting and abdominal distension 2 mo after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Increased alkaline phosphatase and liver enzymes were discovered.An autoimmune liver disease test showed that AMA-M2 was positive.A gastroscopy revealed bile reflux gastritis.A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a slight dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct.A colonoscopy showed that there was a mucosal eminence lesion in the sigmoid colon(24 cm away from the anus),with a size of 3 cm×3 cm and erosive surface.At last,the small intestine and the stomach were found to be encased in a cocoon-like membrane during the surgery.The membrane was dissected and adhesiolysis was done to release the trapped organs.The patient recovered and was discharged 44 d after the operation,and there was no recurrence during a follow-up period of 3 mo.CONCLUSION AMA-M2 is a marker of primary biliary sclerosis and may help to make a preoperative diagnosis of EPS.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the relationship between encapsulating peritonitis and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). METHODS: The patient had a history of type 2 diabetes and Iaparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed one y...AIM: To investigate the relationship between encapsulating peritonitis and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). METHODS: The patient had a history of type 2 diabetes and Iaparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed one year ago for cholelithiasis. Eleven months after the operation she developed massive ascites. Biochemical evaluation revealed hyperglycemia, mild Fe deficiency anemia, hypoalbuminemia and a CA-125 level of 2 700 IU. Ascitic evaluation showed characteristics of exudation with a cell count of 580/mm^3. Abdominal CT showed omental thickening and massive ascites. At exploratory laparotomy there was generalized thickening of the peritoneum and a Iaparoscopic clip encapsulated by fibrous tissue was found adherent to the uterus. Biopsies were negative for malignancy and a prophilactic total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy were performed. RESULTS: The histopathological evaluation was compatible with chronic nonspecific findings and mild mesothelial proliferation and chronic inflammation at the uterine serosa and liver biopsy showed inactive cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: The patient was evaluated as sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis induced by the iaparoscopic clip acting as a foreign body. Due to the fact that the patient had FMF the immune response was probably exaggerated.展开更多
Background: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare but life-threatening condition in peritoneal dialysis. It is associated with extensive thickening and fibrosis of the peritoneum resulting in recurrent small bo...Background: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare but life-threatening condition in peritoneal dialysis. It is associated with extensive thickening and fibrosis of the peritoneum resulting in recurrent small bowel obstructions and malnutrition. Herein we present case series of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis diagnosed and treated in a large center of peritoneal dialysis in the State of Qatar followed by literature review to increase the awareness of physicians to it. Case Presentation: The data were collected retrospectively from 180 peritoneal dialysis patients at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar, between 2008 and 2016. The diagnosis of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis was based on clinical and radiological features. Seven patients (3.8%) were diagnosed with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. The mean age of the patients was 49 years (range, 23 to 65 years). The mean duration of peritoneal dialysis was 6 years (range, 3 to 7 years). The mean peritonitis episodes were 1.8 (range 1 to 4 episodes). Five patients were diagnosed with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis after stopping peritoneal dialysis, and two patients diagnosed while they were on peritoneal dialysis treatment. Five patients are still alive and were treated with oral prednisolone and tamoxifen. Two patients underwent adhesiolysis surgery, one of them died due to recurrent sepsis and malnutrition. Another patient died because of cardiac arrest during hemodialysis. The overall mortality rate was 28.5% in our series. Conclusions: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare and life-threatening peritoneal disease in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. It requires high index of suspicion for early diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma(MTM-HCC)is a subtype of HCC with a very poor prognosis and exhibits biological behaviors and clinical presentations that distinguish it from conventional HCC.Vessels en...Macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma(MTM-HCC)is a subtype of HCC with a very poor prognosis and exhibits biological behaviors and clinical presentations that distinguish it from conventional HCC.Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters(VETC)is a unique pattern of vascular growth that is more common in patients with MTM-HCC.This unique interaction between the angiogenic system and tumor cells is of general interest.Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of HCC with MTM and VETC patterns help prevent early recurrence and improve prognosis.This review summarizes the existing findings for HCC with MTM and VETC patterns.展开更多
By the virtue of their olfactory,physicochemical,and biological characteristics,essential oils(EOs)have drawn wide attention as additives in daily chemicals like perfume or personal care products.Nevertheless,they are...By the virtue of their olfactory,physicochemical,and biological characteristics,essential oils(EOs)have drawn wide attention as additives in daily chemicals like perfume or personal care products.Nevertheless,they are physicochemically unstable and susceptible to degradation or loss.Microencapsulation offers a feasible strategy to stabilize and prolong release of EO.This review summarizes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various preparation and characterization methods,wherein innovative fabrication strategies and their formation mechanisms are especially emphasized.Progress in combining detecting/measuring technologies with kinetic modelling are discussed,to give an integral approach of controlling the dynamic release of encapsulated EOs.Moreover,new development trends of EOs capsules are also highlighted.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur batteries(LSBs)are regarded as promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage devices owing to their high-theoretical capacity(1675 mAh g^(−1))and affordable cost.However,several limitatio...Lithium–sulfur batteries(LSBs)are regarded as promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage devices owing to their high-theoretical capacity(1675 mAh g^(−1))and affordable cost.However,several limitations of LSBs such as the lithium polysulfide shuttle,large volume expansion,and low electrical conductivity of sulfur need to be resolved for practical applications.To address these limitations,herein,a multidimensional architectured hybrid(Co@CNT/nG),where Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles are encapsulated into threedimensional(3D)porous N-doped reduced graphene oxide interconnected with carbon nanotube(CNT)branches,is synthesized through a simple pyrolysis method.The synergistic effect achieved through the homogeneously distributed and encapsulated Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles,the interconnected CNT branches,and the 3D hierarchical porous structure and N-doping of Co@CNT/nG significantly suppresses the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and enhances the conversion redox kinetics for the improved sulfur utilization.We validate this effect through various measurements including symmetric cells,Li_(2)S nucleation,shuttle currents,Tafel slopes,diffusion coefficients,and post-mortem analyses.Importantly,Co@CNT/nG-70S-based LSB cells achieve a high-specific capacity of 1193.1 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C and a low capacity decay rate of 0.030%per cycle for 700 cycles at 5 C,delivering a high areal capacity of 5.62 mAh cm^(−2) even with a loading of 6.5 mg cm^(−2).展开更多
Abdominal cocoon,the idiopathic form of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis,is a rare condition of unknown etiology that results in an intestinal obstruction due to total or partial encapsulation of the small bowel b...Abdominal cocoon,the idiopathic form of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis,is a rare condition of unknown etiology that results in an intestinal obstruction due to total or partial encapsulation of the small bowel by a f ibrocollagenous membrane.Preoperative diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion.The early clinical features are nonspecif ic,are often not recognized and it is diff icult to make a def inite pre-operative diagnosis.Clinical suspicion may be generated by the recurrent episodes of small intestinal obstruction combined with relevant imaging f indings and lack of other plausible etiologies.The radiological diagnosis of abdominal cocoon may now be conf idently made on computed tomography scan.Surgery is important in the management of this disease.Careful dissection and excision of the thick sac with the release of the small intestine leads to complete recovery in the vast majority of cases.展开更多
The inherent self-healing ability of asphalt is insufficient and fails to timely repair the cracks due to the combined effect of temperature variation,air oxidation,ultraviolet exposure and traffic loading.Rejuvenator...The inherent self-healing ability of asphalt is insufficient and fails to timely repair the cracks due to the combined effect of temperature variation,air oxidation,ultraviolet exposure and traffic loading.Rejuvenator encapsulation based on self-healing asphalt is a green sustainable preventive maintenance technology for asphalt pavement.During the last decade,rejuvenator encapsulation for asphalt self-healing has been a research hotspot and calcium alginate hydrogels encapsulating rejuvenator is a promising self-healing technology.Hence,this review sheds light on the recent advances of calcium alginate hydrogels encapsulating asphalt rejuvenator including selfhealing capsules and fibers.The synthesis methods of calcium alginate capsules and fibers containing rejuvenator were elaborately introduced,and their surface morphology,interior structure,mechanical strength,thermal stability,rejuvenator content,distribution and survival in asphalt materials were systematically analyzed.Besides,the effect of capsules and fiber on the mechanical property and pavement performance of asphalt concrete were explored.Additionally,a comprehensive review about the effect of calcium alginate capsules and fibers on selfhealing ability of asphalt materials were presented,and the rejuvenator release mechanism and release ratio of them in asphalt mixtures were expounded.In a nutshell,this review aims at highlighting the current research achievements on alginate capsules and fibers containing rejuvenator in asphalt materials,and inspiring enhanced self-healing methods for smart and sustainable maintenance of asphalt pavement.展开更多
The main characteristics of glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbon ate (PC) were presented. The transmittance of glass, PMMA and PC was measured by the UV-VIS spectroscopy analysis. PMMA and PC have the ...The main characteristics of glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbon ate (PC) were presented. The transmittance of glass, PMMA and PC was measured by the UV-VIS spectroscopy analysis. PMMA and PC have the advantages of higher tra nsparency, higher resistance and lower density. It is indicated that both PMMA a nd PC are suitable for encapsulating solar minimodules.展开更多
The gradient copolymers of acrylic acid and trifluoroethyl methacrylate（coded as P（TFEMAgrad-AA）） were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation transfer（RAFT） emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. Th...The gradient copolymers of acrylic acid and trifluoroethyl methacrylate（coded as P（TFEMAgrad-AA）） were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation transfer（RAFT） emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. The spontaneous batch feeding approach was used to control the gradient chain sequence. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） analysis revealed that the P（TFEMA-grad-AA） can self-assemble to form spherical micelles, rodlike micelles or vesicles in selective solvents. Morphological transition of the P（TFEMA-grad-AA） micelles was sensitive to the water content of the dioxane/water mixed solvent. More interestingly, Ag nanoparticles（NPs） were encapsulated by the P（TFEMA-grad-AA） micelles during the selfassembly process. The gradient chain sequence made the Ag NPs easily enter the core of the micelles, even when P（TFEMA-grad-AA） had less hydrophobic fluoro-units and more hydrophilic units. TEM images with energy dispersive spectrometer indicated that the nanocomposite micelles consisted of a Ag NPs core and a gradient copolymer shell.展开更多
Encapsulation of biomolecules inside a carbon nanotube （CNT） has attracted great interest because it could enable the delivery of nanoscale pharmaceutical drugs with CNT-based devices. Using a molecular dynamics sim...Encapsulation of biomolecules inside a carbon nanotube （CNT） has attracted great interest because it could enable the delivery of nanoscale pharmaceutical drugs with CNT-based devices. Using a molecular dynamics simulation, we investigate the dynamic process by which human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） replication inhibitor peptides （HRIPs） are encapsulated in a water solution contained inside a CNT. The van der Waals attraction between the HRIPs and the CNT and the root-mean-square deviation are used to analyse the evolution of the encapsulation. It is found that the interaction between the HRIPs and the CNT is the main driving force for the encapsulation process, which does not cause an obvious conformational change to the HRIPs.展开更多
The lauric-myristic-palmitic acid( LA-MA-PA) ternary eutectic mixtures/expanded graphite( EG) composite phase change materials( PCMs) were prepared by absorbing LA-MA-PA into the porous network of EG. The optimum rati...The lauric-myristic-palmitic acid( LA-MA-PA) ternary eutectic mixtures/expanded graphite( EG) composite phase change materials( PCMs) were prepared by absorbing LA-MA-PA into the porous network of EG. The optimum ratio of ternary eutectic mixtures to EG was determined to be 93∶7 without liquid LA-MA-PA leakage from the composite PCMs. In order to make the structure more stable, the composite PCMs were encapsulated by surface treatment agent to prepare LA-MA-PA/EG encapsulating form-stable PCMs which were characterized by scanning electron microscope( SEM),Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope( FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry( DSC) and thermal treatment. The results showed there was no chemical reaction between surface treatment agent and LA-MA-PA,and the samples were compactly encapsulated which left almost no imprint on the filter paper after thermal treatment. The phase change temperature and latent heat of LA-MA-PA/EG encapsulating form-stable PCMs were tested to be29. 32 ℃ and 96. 20 J/g,respectively. Additionally,the heat transfer efficiency of heat storage was improved by the addition of EG.展开更多
Effectively managing bone defects presents significant clinical challenges,where bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)offer promising potential for bone regeneration.However,delivering BMSCs effectively requires s...Effectively managing bone defects presents significant clinical challenges,where bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)offer promising potential for bone regeneration.However,delivering BMSCs effectively requires suitable biomaterials.Herein,we introduce,Pep1,a calcium-responsive peptide designed for delivering BMSCs for femur regeneration.Pep1self-assembles to form a pericellular hydrogel in the presence of calcium ions,forming a nanofiber-rich network conductive to BMSCs encapsulation.Important,Pep1 hydrogel supports BMSC activity in 3D cell culture without compromise.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate excellent biocompatibility of Pep1 hydrogel.Osteogenic differentiation and q-PCR assays reveal that Pep1 enhances osteogenic differentiation and upregulates bone-related genes expression.Furthermore,In vivo experiments confirm that Pep1 hydrogel encapsulating BMSCs significantly improves femur defect repair.This study underscores Pep1 as a promising biomaterial for calcium-responsive bone tissue regeneration.展开更多
The preparation of immobilized enzyme with excellent performance is one of the difficulties that restrict the application of enzyme catalysis technology.Here,Candida rugosa lipase(CRL)was firstly adsorbed on the surfa...The preparation of immobilized enzyme with excellent performance is one of the difficulties that restrict the application of enzyme catalysis technology.Here,Candida rugosa lipase(CRL)was firstly adsorbed on the surface of magnetic zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)nanospheres,which was further encapsulated with a mesoporous SiO_(2)nano-membrane formed by tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS)polycondensation.Consequently,lipase could be firmly immobilized on carrier surface by physical binding rather than chemical binding,which did not damage the active conformation of enzyme.There were mesopores on the silica nano-membrane,which could improve the accessibility of enzyme and its apparent catalytic activity.Moreover,silica membrane encapsulation could also improve the stability of enzyme,suggesting an effective enzyme immobilization strategy.It showed that TEOS amount and the encapsulation time had significant effects on the thickness of silica membrane and the enzyme activity.The analysis in enzyme activity and protein secondary structure showed that lipase encapsulated in silica membrane retained the active conformation to the greatest extent.Compared with the adsorbed lipase,the encapsulated lipase increased its thermostability by 3 times and resistance to chemical denaturants by 7 times.The relative enzyme activity remained around 80%after 8 repetitions,while the adsorbed lipase only remained at7.3%.展开更多
基金Supported by the Project of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health,No.2022LJ024.
文摘BACKGROUND Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters(VETC)represent a recently discovered vascular pattern associated with novel metastasis mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,it seems that no one have focused on predicting VETC status in small HCC(sHCC).This study aimed to develop a new nomogram for predicting VETC positivity using preoperative clinical data and image features in sHCC(≤3 cm)patients.AIM To construct a nomogram that combines preoperative clinical parameters and image features to predict patterns of VETC and evaluate the prognosis of sHCC patients.METHODS A total of 309 patients with sHCC,who underwent segmental resection and had their VETC status confirmed,were included in the study.These patients were recruited from three different hospitals:Hospital 1 contributed 177 patients for the training set,Hospital 2 provided 78 patients for the test set,and Hospital 3 provided 54 patients for the validation set.Independent predictors of VETC were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic analyses.These independent predictors were then used to construct a VETC prediction model for sHCC.The model’s performance was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC),calibration curve,and clinical decision curve.Additionally,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to confirm whether the predicted VETC status by the model is associated with early recurrence,just as it is with the actual VETC status and early recurrence.RESULTS Alpha-fetoprotein_lg10,carbohydrate antigen 199,irregular shape,non-smooth margin,and arterial peritumoral enhancement were identified as independent predictors of VETC.The model incorporating these predictors demonstrated strong predictive performance.The AUC was 0.811 for the training set,0.800 for the test set,and 0.791 for the validation set.The calibration curve indicated that the predicted probability was consistent with the actual VETC status in all three sets.Furthermore,the decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical benefits of our model for patients with sHCC.Finally,early recurrence was more likely to occur in the VETC-positive group compared to the VETC-negative group,regardless of whether considering the actual or predicted VETC status.CONCLUSION Our novel prediction model demonstrates strong performance in predicting VETC positivity in sHCC(≤3 cm)patients,and it holds potential for predicting early recurrence.This model equips clinicians with valuable information to make informed clinical treatment decisions.
基金The study was reviewed and approved by the Second Hospital of Shandong University Institutional Review Board,IRB No.KYLL-2023LW044.
文摘BACKGROUND Recently,vessels encapsulating tumor clusters(VETC)was considered as a distinct pattern of tumor vascularization which can primarily facilitate the entry of the whole tumor cluster into the bloodstream in an invasion independent manner,and was regarded as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).AIM To develop and validate a preoperative nomogram using contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)to predict the presence of VETC+in HCC.METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 190 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC who underwent CECT scanning and immunochemical staining for cluster of differentiation 34 at two medical centers.Radiomics analysis was conducted on intratumoral and peritumoral regions in the portal vein phase.Radiomics features,essential for identifying VETC+HCC,were extracted and utilized to develop a radiomics model using machine learning algorithms in the training set.The model’s performance was validated on two separate test sets.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis was employed to compare the identified performance of three models in predicting the VETC status of HCC on both training and test sets.The most predictive model was then used to constructed a radiomics nomogram that integrated the independent clinical-radiological features.ROC and decision curve analysis were used to assess the performance characteristics of the clinical-radiological features,the radiomics features and the radiomics nomogram.RESULTS The study included 190 individuals from two independent centers,with the majority being male(81%)and a median age of 57 years(interquartile range:51-66).The area under the curve(AUC)for the combined radiomics features selected from the intratumoral and peritumoral areas were 0.825,0.788,and 0.680 in the training set and the two test sets.A total of 13 features were selected to construct the Rad-score.The nomogram,combining clinicalradiological and combined radiomics features could accurately predict VETC+in all three sets,with AUC values of 0.859,0.848 and 0.757.Decision curve analysis revealed that the radiomics nomogram was more clinically useful than both the clinical-radiological feature and the combined radiomics models.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential utility of a CECT-based radiomics nomogram,incorporating clinicalradiological features and combined radiomics features,in the identification of VETC+HCC.
文摘Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS) is a debilitating condition characterized by a fibrocollagenous membrane encasing the small intestine, resulting in recurrent small bowel obstructions. EPS is most commonly associated with long-term peritoneal dialysis, though medications, peritoneal infection, and systemic inflammatory disorders have been implicated. Many cases remain idiopathic. Diagnosis is often delayed given the rarity of the disorder combined with non-specific symptoms and laboratory findings. Although cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography of the abdomen can be suggestive of the disorder, many patients undergo exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis. Mortality approaches 50% one year after diagnosis. Treatment for EPS involves treating the underlying condition or eliminating possible inciting agents(i.e. peritoneal dialysis, medications, infections) and nutritional support, frequently with total parenteral nutrition. EPSspecific treatment depends on the disease stage. In the inflammatory stage, corticosteroids are the treatment of choice, while in the fibrotic stage, tamoxifen may be beneficial. In practice, distinguishing between stages may be difficult and both may be used. Surgical intervention, consisting of peritonectomy and enterolysis, is timeconsuming and high-risk and is reserved for situations in which conservative medical therapy fails in institutions with surgical expertise in this area. Herein we review the available literature of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare, but potentially devastating disease.
文摘Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction that is characterized by a thick grayish-white fibrotic membrane encasing the small bowel. SEP can be classified as idiopathic,also known as abdominal cocoon,or secondary. It is difficult to make a definite pre-operative diagnosis. We experienced five cases of abdominal cocoon,and the case files were reviewed retrospectively for the clinical presentation,operative findings and outcome. All the patients presented with acute,subacute and chronic intestinal obstruction. Computed tomography (CT) showed characteristic findings of small bowel loops congregated to the center of the abdomen encased by a soft-tissue density mantle in four cases. Four cases had an uneventful post-operative period,one case received second adhesiolysis due to persistent ileus. The imaging techniques may facilitate pre-operative diagnosis. Surgery is important in the management of SEP.
文摘We report a patient with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and refractory ascites who had received a peritoneal-venous shunt （PVS） 1 year before liver transplantation, Urgent surgical intervention following bowel obstruction and failure of immunosuppression therapy. No intestinal obstruction was found during an initial PVS. However, intestinal obstruction developed 2 was found upon exploration. This is the first reported case of cocoon abdomen caused by PVS and exacerbated by liver transplantation.
基金Supported by the Key Projects of Support Plan of Nanchang Science and Technology Bureau,Jiangxi Province,China,No.[2020]153
文摘BACKGROUND Primary encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS)is a rare but devastating disease that causes fibrocollagenous cocoon-like encapsulation of the bowel,resulting in bowel obstruction.The pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment strategies of EPS remain unclear so far.Since most patients are diagnosed during exploratory laparotomy,for the non-surgically diagnosed patients with primary EPS,the surgical timing is also uncertain.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old female patient was referred to our center on September 6,2021,with complaints of abdominal distention and bilious vomiting for 2 d.Physical examination revealed that the vital signs were stable,and the abdomen was slightly distended.Computerized tomography scan showed a conglomerate of multiple intestinal loops encapsulated in a thick sac-like membrane,which was surrounded by abdominal ascites.The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic EPS.Recovery was observed after abdominal paracentesis,and the patient was discharged on September 13 after the resumption of a normal diet.This case raised a question:When should an exploratory laparotomy be performed on patients who are non-surgically diagnosed with EPS.As a result,we conducted a review of the literature on the clinical manifestations,intraoperative findings,surgical methods,and therapeutic effects of EPS.CONCLUSION Recurrent intestinal obstructions and abdominal mass combined with the imaging of encapsulated bowel are helpful in diagnosing idiopathic EPS.Small intestinal resection should be avoided.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Plan,No.BE2018659.
文摘BACKGROUND Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS)is hard to diagnose because of nonspecific symptoms and signs.It is a general consensus that EPS is classified as primary and secondary.There have been several studies discovering some highrisk factors such as liver cirrhosis,of which AMA-M2 is a biomarker,and intraabdominal surgery such as laparoscopic surgery.Imaging studies help to diagnose EPS and exploratory laparotomy might be an alternative if imaging fails.Nowadays,laparotomy plays a key role in treating EPS,especially when medical treatments do not work and medical therapy fails to ease patients’symptoms.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old man complained of unexplained vomiting and abdominal distension 2 mo after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Increased alkaline phosphatase and liver enzymes were discovered.An autoimmune liver disease test showed that AMA-M2 was positive.A gastroscopy revealed bile reflux gastritis.A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a slight dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct.A colonoscopy showed that there was a mucosal eminence lesion in the sigmoid colon(24 cm away from the anus),with a size of 3 cm×3 cm and erosive surface.At last,the small intestine and the stomach were found to be encased in a cocoon-like membrane during the surgery.The membrane was dissected and adhesiolysis was done to release the trapped organs.The patient recovered and was discharged 44 d after the operation,and there was no recurrence during a follow-up period of 3 mo.CONCLUSION AMA-M2 is a marker of primary biliary sclerosis and may help to make a preoperative diagnosis of EPS.
文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between encapsulating peritonitis and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). METHODS: The patient had a history of type 2 diabetes and Iaparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed one year ago for cholelithiasis. Eleven months after the operation she developed massive ascites. Biochemical evaluation revealed hyperglycemia, mild Fe deficiency anemia, hypoalbuminemia and a CA-125 level of 2 700 IU. Ascitic evaluation showed characteristics of exudation with a cell count of 580/mm^3. Abdominal CT showed omental thickening and massive ascites. At exploratory laparotomy there was generalized thickening of the peritoneum and a Iaparoscopic clip encapsulated by fibrous tissue was found adherent to the uterus. Biopsies were negative for malignancy and a prophilactic total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy were performed. RESULTS: The histopathological evaluation was compatible with chronic nonspecific findings and mild mesothelial proliferation and chronic inflammation at the uterine serosa and liver biopsy showed inactive cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: The patient was evaluated as sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis induced by the iaparoscopic clip acting as a foreign body. Due to the fact that the patient had FMF the immune response was probably exaggerated.
文摘Background: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare but life-threatening condition in peritoneal dialysis. It is associated with extensive thickening and fibrosis of the peritoneum resulting in recurrent small bowel obstructions and malnutrition. Herein we present case series of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis diagnosed and treated in a large center of peritoneal dialysis in the State of Qatar followed by literature review to increase the awareness of physicians to it. Case Presentation: The data were collected retrospectively from 180 peritoneal dialysis patients at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar, between 2008 and 2016. The diagnosis of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis was based on clinical and radiological features. Seven patients (3.8%) were diagnosed with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. The mean age of the patients was 49 years (range, 23 to 65 years). The mean duration of peritoneal dialysis was 6 years (range, 3 to 7 years). The mean peritonitis episodes were 1.8 (range 1 to 4 episodes). Five patients were diagnosed with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis after stopping peritoneal dialysis, and two patients diagnosed while they were on peritoneal dialysis treatment. Five patients are still alive and were treated with oral prednisolone and tamoxifen. Two patients underwent adhesiolysis surgery, one of them died due to recurrent sepsis and malnutrition. Another patient died because of cardiac arrest during hemodialysis. The overall mortality rate was 28.5% in our series. Conclusions: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare and life-threatening peritoneal disease in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. It requires high index of suspicion for early diagnosis and treatment.
基金Guizhou Province 7th Thousand Innovational and Enterprising Talents,Grant/Award Number:GZQ202007086National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81871333,82260340+2 种基金Guizhou Province Science and Technology Project,Grant/Award Numbers:[2020]4Y159,[2021]430Guizhou Province Science&Technology Innovation Talent,Grant/Award Number:CXTD[2022]0062020 Innovation Group Project of Guizhou Province Educational Commission,Grant/Award Number:KY[2021]017。
文摘Macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma(MTM-HCC)is a subtype of HCC with a very poor prognosis and exhibits biological behaviors and clinical presentations that distinguish it from conventional HCC.Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters(VETC)is a unique pattern of vascular growth that is more common in patients with MTM-HCC.This unique interaction between the angiogenic system and tumor cells is of general interest.Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of HCC with MTM and VETC patterns help prevent early recurrence and improve prognosis.This review summarizes the existing findings for HCC with MTM and VETC patterns.
基金This work is supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA16020405)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21821005,81772417,and 21902160)。
文摘By the virtue of their olfactory,physicochemical,and biological characteristics,essential oils(EOs)have drawn wide attention as additives in daily chemicals like perfume or personal care products.Nevertheless,they are physicochemically unstable and susceptible to degradation or loss.Microencapsulation offers a feasible strategy to stabilize and prolong release of EO.This review summarizes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various preparation and characterization methods,wherein innovative fabrication strategies and their formation mechanisms are especially emphasized.Progress in combining detecting/measuring technologies with kinetic modelling are discussed,to give an integral approach of controlling the dynamic release of encapsulated EOs.Moreover,new development trends of EOs capsules are also highlighted.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)(NRF-2020R1A3B2079803),Republic of Korea.
文摘Lithium–sulfur batteries(LSBs)are regarded as promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage devices owing to their high-theoretical capacity(1675 mAh g^(−1))and affordable cost.However,several limitations of LSBs such as the lithium polysulfide shuttle,large volume expansion,and low electrical conductivity of sulfur need to be resolved for practical applications.To address these limitations,herein,a multidimensional architectured hybrid(Co@CNT/nG),where Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles are encapsulated into threedimensional(3D)porous N-doped reduced graphene oxide interconnected with carbon nanotube(CNT)branches,is synthesized through a simple pyrolysis method.The synergistic effect achieved through the homogeneously distributed and encapsulated Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles,the interconnected CNT branches,and the 3D hierarchical porous structure and N-doping of Co@CNT/nG significantly suppresses the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and enhances the conversion redox kinetics for the improved sulfur utilization.We validate this effect through various measurements including symmetric cells,Li_(2)S nucleation,shuttle currents,Tafel slopes,diffusion coefficients,and post-mortem analyses.Importantly,Co@CNT/nG-70S-based LSB cells achieve a high-specific capacity of 1193.1 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C and a low capacity decay rate of 0.030%per cycle for 700 cycles at 5 C,delivering a high areal capacity of 5.62 mAh cm^(−2) even with a loading of 6.5 mg cm^(−2).
文摘Abdominal cocoon,the idiopathic form of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis,is a rare condition of unknown etiology that results in an intestinal obstruction due to total or partial encapsulation of the small bowel by a f ibrocollagenous membrane.Preoperative diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion.The early clinical features are nonspecif ic,are often not recognized and it is diff icult to make a def inite pre-operative diagnosis.Clinical suspicion may be generated by the recurrent episodes of small intestinal obstruction combined with relevant imaging f indings and lack of other plausible etiologies.The radiological diagnosis of abdominal cocoon may now be conf idently made on computed tomography scan.Surgery is important in the management of this disease.Careful dissection and excision of the thick sac with the release of the small intestine leads to complete recovery in the vast majority of cases.
基金the financial support provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978547)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1600200)+2 种基金Technological Innovation Major Project of Hubei Province(2019AEE023)Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(2020BCB064)Hubei Provincial Communication Department Project(2020-2-1-4).
文摘The inherent self-healing ability of asphalt is insufficient and fails to timely repair the cracks due to the combined effect of temperature variation,air oxidation,ultraviolet exposure and traffic loading.Rejuvenator encapsulation based on self-healing asphalt is a green sustainable preventive maintenance technology for asphalt pavement.During the last decade,rejuvenator encapsulation for asphalt self-healing has been a research hotspot and calcium alginate hydrogels encapsulating rejuvenator is a promising self-healing technology.Hence,this review sheds light on the recent advances of calcium alginate hydrogels encapsulating asphalt rejuvenator including selfhealing capsules and fibers.The synthesis methods of calcium alginate capsules and fibers containing rejuvenator were elaborately introduced,and their surface morphology,interior structure,mechanical strength,thermal stability,rejuvenator content,distribution and survival in asphalt materials were systematically analyzed.Besides,the effect of capsules and fiber on the mechanical property and pavement performance of asphalt concrete were explored.Additionally,a comprehensive review about the effect of calcium alginate capsules and fibers on selfhealing ability of asphalt materials were presented,and the rejuvenator release mechanism and release ratio of them in asphalt mixtures were expounded.In a nutshell,this review aims at highlighting the current research achievements on alginate capsules and fibers containing rejuvenator in asphalt materials,and inspiring enhanced self-healing methods for smart and sustainable maintenance of asphalt pavement.
文摘The main characteristics of glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbon ate (PC) were presented. The transmittance of glass, PMMA and PC was measured by the UV-VIS spectroscopy analysis. PMMA and PC have the advantages of higher tra nsparency, higher resistance and lower density. It is indicated that both PMMA a nd PC are suitable for encapsulating solar minimodules.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50803048 and 50703030)
文摘The gradient copolymers of acrylic acid and trifluoroethyl methacrylate（coded as P（TFEMAgrad-AA）） were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation transfer（RAFT） emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. The spontaneous batch feeding approach was used to control the gradient chain sequence. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） analysis revealed that the P（TFEMA-grad-AA） can self-assemble to form spherical micelles, rodlike micelles or vesicles in selective solvents. Morphological transition of the P（TFEMA-grad-AA） micelles was sensitive to the water content of the dioxane/water mixed solvent. More interestingly, Ag nanoparticles（NPs） were encapsulated by the P（TFEMA-grad-AA） micelles during the selfassembly process. The gradient chain sequence made the Ag NPs easily enter the core of the micelles, even when P（TFEMA-grad-AA） had less hydrophobic fluoro-units and more hydrophilic units. TEM images with energy dispersive spectrometer indicated that the nanocomposite micelles consisted of a Ag NPs core and a gradient copolymer shell.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Grant No. ZR2011AL010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. NSFC-10974078 and NSFC-11174117)
文摘Encapsulation of biomolecules inside a carbon nanotube （CNT） has attracted great interest because it could enable the delivery of nanoscale pharmaceutical drugs with CNT-based devices. Using a molecular dynamics simulation, we investigate the dynamic process by which human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） replication inhibitor peptides （HRIPs） are encapsulated in a water solution contained inside a CNT. The van der Waals attraction between the HRIPs and the CNT and the root-mean-square deviation are used to analyse the evolution of the encapsulation. It is found that the interaction between the HRIPs and the CNT is the main driving force for the encapsulation process, which does not cause an obvious conformational change to the HRIPs.
基金National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period,China(No.2014BAL03B04)
文摘The lauric-myristic-palmitic acid( LA-MA-PA) ternary eutectic mixtures/expanded graphite( EG) composite phase change materials( PCMs) were prepared by absorbing LA-MA-PA into the porous network of EG. The optimum ratio of ternary eutectic mixtures to EG was determined to be 93∶7 without liquid LA-MA-PA leakage from the composite PCMs. In order to make the structure more stable, the composite PCMs were encapsulated by surface treatment agent to prepare LA-MA-PA/EG encapsulating form-stable PCMs which were characterized by scanning electron microscope( SEM),Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope( FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry( DSC) and thermal treatment. The results showed there was no chemical reaction between surface treatment agent and LA-MA-PA,and the samples were compactly encapsulated which left almost no imprint on the filter paper after thermal treatment. The phase change temperature and latent heat of LA-MA-PA/EG encapsulating form-stable PCMs were tested to be29. 32 ℃ and 96. 20 J/g,respectively. Additionally,the heat transfer efficiency of heat storage was improved by the addition of EG.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401127)the National Youth Talent Support Program(202309460011)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2024JJ5072)the Science and Technology and Development Foundation of Shenzhen(JCYJ20210324122403010 and JCYJ20210324133611030)the Medical and Health Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(2023KY148)。
文摘Effectively managing bone defects presents significant clinical challenges,where bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)offer promising potential for bone regeneration.However,delivering BMSCs effectively requires suitable biomaterials.Herein,we introduce,Pep1,a calcium-responsive peptide designed for delivering BMSCs for femur regeneration.Pep1self-assembles to form a pericellular hydrogel in the presence of calcium ions,forming a nanofiber-rich network conductive to BMSCs encapsulation.Important,Pep1 hydrogel supports BMSC activity in 3D cell culture without compromise.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate excellent biocompatibility of Pep1 hydrogel.Osteogenic differentiation and q-PCR assays reveal that Pep1 enhances osteogenic differentiation and upregulates bone-related genes expression.Furthermore,In vivo experiments confirm that Pep1 hydrogel encapsulating BMSCs significantly improves femur defect repair.This study underscores Pep1 as a promising biomaterial for calcium-responsive bone tissue regeneration.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22378093,21878065)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.E2022201100)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Support Plan of Baoding City(No.2241ZF111)the Medical Science Foundation of Hebei University(No.2021A09)the Foundation of Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University(No.2021Z003)。
文摘The preparation of immobilized enzyme with excellent performance is one of the difficulties that restrict the application of enzyme catalysis technology.Here,Candida rugosa lipase(CRL)was firstly adsorbed on the surface of magnetic zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)nanospheres,which was further encapsulated with a mesoporous SiO_(2)nano-membrane formed by tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS)polycondensation.Consequently,lipase could be firmly immobilized on carrier surface by physical binding rather than chemical binding,which did not damage the active conformation of enzyme.There were mesopores on the silica nano-membrane,which could improve the accessibility of enzyme and its apparent catalytic activity.Moreover,silica membrane encapsulation could also improve the stability of enzyme,suggesting an effective enzyme immobilization strategy.It showed that TEOS amount and the encapsulation time had significant effects on the thickness of silica membrane and the enzyme activity.The analysis in enzyme activity and protein secondary structure showed that lipase encapsulated in silica membrane retained the active conformation to the greatest extent.Compared with the adsorbed lipase,the encapsulated lipase increased its thermostability by 3 times and resistance to chemical denaturants by 7 times.The relative enzyme activity remained around 80%after 8 repetitions,while the adsorbed lipase only remained at7.3%.
