Objective This study aims to test the acceptance, feasibility, and usefulness of the Arabic version of the revised Edmonton Symptom AssesSment System （ESAS-r） among Egyptian patients with advanced cancer and to comp...Objective This study aims to test the acceptance, feasibility, and usefulness of the Arabic version of the revised Edmonton Symptom AssesSment System （ESAS-r） among Egyptian patients with advanced cancer and to compare the rates of symptoms documented by patients and physicians. Methods Between August 2014 and February 2015, a total of 140 patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals in Cairo, Egypt received the Arabic version of the ESAS-r. For each patient, the ESAS-r was completed twice, first by the treating physician （as part of the basic assessment） and a second time by the patient, with a maximum of 2 hours between the two assessments. An additional survey was included to assess patients＇ acceptance of the survey and their preferences. Results Out of 140 enrolled patients in the study, 11 patients refused to complete the questionnaire, and 10 patients were excluded due to incomplete records in their medical records. Complete data was retrieved for 119 patients who were included for further analyses. The 78 （65%） patients declared that the test was clear and easy to complete. They were able to answer the test without help. Collectively, tiredness and sense of well-being were the most commonly encountered symptoms in ratings obtained by both patients and physicians. Tiredness was the only symptom showing a significant difference between the two rating methods, patient-rated scores being higher （P = 0.032）. Cronbach＇s alpha showed that both tests com- pleted by the physician and the patients were internally consistent： the physician-rated test had a coefficient of 0.877, and the patient-rated test had a coefficient of 0.863. All ESAS scores had good internal consis- tency, with a Cmnbach＇s alpha coefficient of 0.88. The internal consistency remained high after removal of individual symptom scores, with Cronbach＇s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.823 to 0.902, indicating that no individual question had undue influence on the total ESAS score. Conclusion The ESAS-r was easily understood by and applicable to patients. There was no significant discrepancy in the rates of symptoms reported by the patients and physicians, apart from tiredness. Based on this, the test could be applied on a larger scale with in-home patients. This test can be cost-effective and can decrease the number of hospital visits among advanced cancer patients in need of supportive treat- ment rather than active cancer therapy.展开更多
Arctic climate changes have profoundly influenced the polar environmental changes in recent years.The Arctic Oscillation(AO),as a key component of the Arctic climate system’s internal variability,affects the source t...Arctic climate changes have profoundly influenced the polar environmental changes in recent years.The Arctic Oscillation(AO),as a key component of the Arctic climate system’s internal variability,affects the source to sink processes and interactions across the multilayer Arctic system by regulating the land,ocean,sea ice,and atmospheric processes.The East Siberian Arctic Shelf(ESAS)has experienced significant changes in the input,transport,and burial of sedimentary organic carbon(OC)due to climate warming and shifts in the AO phase in recent decades.This study analyzes grain size,total organic carbon(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),and stable carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)in two sediment cores from the ESAS to reconstruct the burial record of OC over the past few decades and examine the response mechanism of sedimentary OC records to regional-scale climate forcing.The results show that the OC in the two sediment cores originates from mixed sources with a dominant terrestrial contribution.In the LV83-28 core from the Laptev Sea,the TOC and TN contents have increased at an accelerated rate since the 1990s,with a noticeable rise in the contribution of terrestrial OC.This trend is linked to an increase in terrigenous input caused by the positive AO phase.Core LV83-39 in the East Siberian Sea could have accumulated more terrestrial OC transported along the continental shelf during the positive AO.This implies that,under the interannual regulation of the AO regime,the input and crossshelf transport of terrigenous OC in the ESAS showed consistent sedimentary responses.This finding could enhance the understanding of the burial mechanism of sedimentary OC and its environmental response to regional climate change.展开更多
The electrochemical surface area (ESA) of the half-membrane electrode assembly (HMEA) and dimethyl-ether (DME) electrooxidation on the HMEA were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The ESAs of the electrode before an...The electrochemical surface area (ESA) of the half-membrane electrode assembly (HMEA) and dimethyl-ether (DME) electrooxidation on the HMEA were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The ESAs of the electrode before and after DME electrooxidation were calculated from the integrated charge during the adsorption (and/or desorption) of atomic hydrogen minus the charge for the double layer charging in 0.5 mol·L-1 H2SO4. The increase in ESA was observed, and this was attributed to the change of catalyst layer structure, leading to a more effective contact between catalysts and the electrolyte Nafion.展开更多
文摘Objective This study aims to test the acceptance, feasibility, and usefulness of the Arabic version of the revised Edmonton Symptom AssesSment System （ESAS-r） among Egyptian patients with advanced cancer and to compare the rates of symptoms documented by patients and physicians. Methods Between August 2014 and February 2015, a total of 140 patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals in Cairo, Egypt received the Arabic version of the ESAS-r. For each patient, the ESAS-r was completed twice, first by the treating physician （as part of the basic assessment） and a second time by the patient, with a maximum of 2 hours between the two assessments. An additional survey was included to assess patients＇ acceptance of the survey and their preferences. Results Out of 140 enrolled patients in the study, 11 patients refused to complete the questionnaire, and 10 patients were excluded due to incomplete records in their medical records. Complete data was retrieved for 119 patients who were included for further analyses. The 78 （65%） patients declared that the test was clear and easy to complete. They were able to answer the test without help. Collectively, tiredness and sense of well-being were the most commonly encountered symptoms in ratings obtained by both patients and physicians. Tiredness was the only symptom showing a significant difference between the two rating methods, patient-rated scores being higher （P = 0.032）. Cronbach＇s alpha showed that both tests com- pleted by the physician and the patients were internally consistent： the physician-rated test had a coefficient of 0.877, and the patient-rated test had a coefficient of 0.863. All ESAS scores had good internal consis- tency, with a Cmnbach＇s alpha coefficient of 0.88. The internal consistency remained high after removal of individual symptom scores, with Cronbach＇s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.823 to 0.902, indicating that no individual question had undue influence on the total ESAS score. Conclusion The ESAS-r was easily understood by and applicable to patients. There was no significant discrepancy in the rates of symptoms reported by the patients and physicians, apart from tiredness. Based on this, the test could be applied on a larger scale with in-home patients. This test can be cost-effective and can decrease the number of hospital visits among advanced cancer patients in need of supportive treat- ment rather than active cancer therapy.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42130412 and 42376068the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No.202241001+2 种基金the Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions Program and the Taishan Scholar Program under contract No.TSQN20182117the Russian Scientific Foundation under contract No.21-77-30001the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under contract Nos 124022100083-1 and 124022100084-8.
文摘Arctic climate changes have profoundly influenced the polar environmental changes in recent years.The Arctic Oscillation(AO),as a key component of the Arctic climate system’s internal variability,affects the source to sink processes and interactions across the multilayer Arctic system by regulating the land,ocean,sea ice,and atmospheric processes.The East Siberian Arctic Shelf(ESAS)has experienced significant changes in the input,transport,and burial of sedimentary organic carbon(OC)due to climate warming and shifts in the AO phase in recent decades.This study analyzes grain size,total organic carbon(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),and stable carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)in two sediment cores from the ESAS to reconstruct the burial record of OC over the past few decades and examine the response mechanism of sedimentary OC records to regional-scale climate forcing.The results show that the OC in the two sediment cores originates from mixed sources with a dominant terrestrial contribution.In the LV83-28 core from the Laptev Sea,the TOC and TN contents have increased at an accelerated rate since the 1990s,with a noticeable rise in the contribution of terrestrial OC.This trend is linked to an increase in terrigenous input caused by the positive AO phase.Core LV83-39 in the East Siberian Sea could have accumulated more terrestrial OC transported along the continental shelf during the positive AO.This implies that,under the interannual regulation of the AO regime,the input and crossshelf transport of terrigenous OC in the ESAS showed consistent sedimentary responses.This finding could enhance the understanding of the burial mechanism of sedimentary OC and its environmental response to regional climate change.
文摘The electrochemical surface area (ESA) of the half-membrane electrode assembly (HMEA) and dimethyl-ether (DME) electrooxidation on the HMEA were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The ESAs of the electrode before and after DME electrooxidation were calculated from the integrated charge during the adsorption (and/or desorption) of atomic hydrogen minus the charge for the double layer charging in 0.5 mol·L-1 H2SO4. The increase in ESA was observed, and this was attributed to the change of catalyst layer structure, leading to a more effective contact between catalysts and the electrolyte Nafion.
