The urgent needs of using earth penetrating weapons（EPW） and the latest development of the penetration fuze bring many new challenges and problems during the process of application of penetration fuze.In this paper,...The urgent needs of using earth penetrating weapons（EPW） and the latest development of the penetration fuze bring many new challenges and problems during the process of application of penetration fuze.In this paper,various failure modes of penetration fuze happened during the EPW penetrated into hard and deeply buried targets（HDBT） are introduced and the corresponding protection and reinforcement system of penetration fuze is established.At the meanwhile,two kinds of protection measures are proposed,one is making four kinds of buffer materials surrounded the fuze shell;another one is changing the energy absorption structures of these buffer materials.To verify the effects of these protection measures,simulation technology with the finite element method is adopted,and the results show that two protection measures are available.That is to say the impact from the targets on the fuze body is reduced apparently.All these researches lay a certain theoretical foundation to the protection technology about penetration fuze.展开更多
We investigated the electronic heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and resistivity of UN using Quantum Espresso and EPW code. GGA, PBEsol functional was used. The calculated electronic heat coefficient was found to b...We investigated the electronic heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and resistivity of UN using Quantum Espresso and EPW code. GGA, PBEsol functional was used. The calculated electronic heat coefficient was found to be significantly reduced (0.0176 J<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span>mol<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>1</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span>K<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>2</sup> versus 0.0006 J<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span>mol<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>1</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span>K<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>2</sup>) when the non-local hybrid functional (B3LYP) was used. Furthermore, we calculated electrical resistivity using a very transparent Ziman’s formula for metals with the Eliashberg transport coupling function as implemented in EPW code for non-spin-polarized calculations. The number of mobile electrons in UN, as a function of temperature, was derived from the ratio of the calculated resistivity and available experimental data. The electronic thermal conductivity was evaluated from the calculated electronic resistivity via Wiedemann-Franz law with the number of mobility electrons (<em>n<sub>av</sub></em>) incorporated (averaged over the temperature range 300 K - 1000 K). Both the electronic thermal conductivity and resistivity, as calculated using newly evaluated <em>n<sub>av</sub></em>, compare well with experimental data at ~700 K, but to reproduce the observed trend as a function of temperature, the number of mobile electrons must decrease with the temperature as evaluated.展开更多
文摘The urgent needs of using earth penetrating weapons（EPW） and the latest development of the penetration fuze bring many new challenges and problems during the process of application of penetration fuze.In this paper,various failure modes of penetration fuze happened during the EPW penetrated into hard and deeply buried targets（HDBT） are introduced and the corresponding protection and reinforcement system of penetration fuze is established.At the meanwhile,two kinds of protection measures are proposed,one is making four kinds of buffer materials surrounded the fuze shell;another one is changing the energy absorption structures of these buffer materials.To verify the effects of these protection measures,simulation technology with the finite element method is adopted,and the results show that two protection measures are available.That is to say the impact from the targets on the fuze body is reduced apparently.All these researches lay a certain theoretical foundation to the protection technology about penetration fuze.
文摘We investigated the electronic heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and resistivity of UN using Quantum Espresso and EPW code. GGA, PBEsol functional was used. The calculated electronic heat coefficient was found to be significantly reduced (0.0176 J<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span>mol<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>1</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span>K<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>2</sup> versus 0.0006 J<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span>mol<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>1</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span>K<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>2</sup>) when the non-local hybrid functional (B3LYP) was used. Furthermore, we calculated electrical resistivity using a very transparent Ziman’s formula for metals with the Eliashberg transport coupling function as implemented in EPW code for non-spin-polarized calculations. The number of mobile electrons in UN, as a function of temperature, was derived from the ratio of the calculated resistivity and available experimental data. The electronic thermal conductivity was evaluated from the calculated electronic resistivity via Wiedemann-Franz law with the number of mobility electrons (<em>n<sub>av</sub></em>) incorporated (averaged over the temperature range 300 K - 1000 K). Both the electronic thermal conductivity and resistivity, as calculated using newly evaluated <em>n<sub>av</sub></em>, compare well with experimental data at ~700 K, but to reproduce the observed trend as a function of temperature, the number of mobile electrons must decrease with the temperature as evaluated.
