Endocrine disruptors （e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane [DDT], dioxin, and some pesticides） are estrogen-like and anti-androgenic chemicals in the environment. They mimic natur...Endocrine disruptors （e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane [DDT], dioxin, and some pesticides） are estrogen-like and anti-androgenic chemicals in the environment. They mimic natural hormones, inhibit the action of hormones, or alter the normal regulatory function of the endocrine system and have potential hazardous effects on male reproductive axis causing infertility. Although testicular and prostate cancers, abnormal sexual development, undescended testis, chronic inflammation, Sertoli-cell-only pattern, hypospadias, altered pituitary and thyroid gland functions are also observed, the available data are insufficient to deduce worldwide conclusions. The development of intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） is beyond doubt the most important recent breakthrough in the treatment of male infertility, but it does not necessarily treat the cause and may inadvertently pass on adverse genetic consequences. Many well-controlled clinical studies and basic scientific discoveries in the physiology, biochemistry, and molecular and cellular biology of the male reproductive system have helped in the identification of greater numbers of men with male factor problems. Newer tools for the detection of Y-chromosome deletions have further strengthened the hypothesis that the decline in male reproductive health and fertility may be related to the presence of certain toxic chemicals in the environment. Thus the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of male factor infertility remain a real challenge. Clinicians should always attempt to identify the etiology of a possible testicular toxicity, assess the degree of risk to the patient being evaluated for infertility, and initiate a plan to control and prevent exposure to others once an association between occupation/toxicant and infertility has been established.展开更多
To study the effect of endocrine disruptor chemicals in cow milk on female reproductive system. Methods A two-generation reproduction was conducted according to U. S. FDA standard. Milk was fed in special bottle to Wi...To study the effect of endocrine disruptor chemicals in cow milk on female reproductive system. Methods A two-generation reproduction was conducted according to U. S. FDA standard. Milk was fed in special bottle to Wistar rats of both sexes through two successive generations （F0 and F1） in the milk group while artificial milk was fed to rats in the control group. Twenty-four rats of each sex were mated in each group. Measurements were made according to this guideline. Results Reproductive parameters in the milk group such as fertility index, gestation index, weights of uterus and ovary, days of vaginal opening, estrous cycles, histological morphological changes were comparable to those in the control group. However, the means of body weight had some differences. The body weight gains increased significantly in the milk-treated group in F1 and F2 generation compared with those in the control group. The concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） in blood in the milk group was comparable to that in the control group, but the standard deviation changed greatly in the milk-treated rats. Conclusion Endocrine disruptor chemicals in milk have no severe effects on the female reproductive system.展开更多
Objective The biodegradation characteristics of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, were studied by the method of dominant bacteria and immobilized microorganisms. Methods Taking DBP as t...Objective The biodegradation characteristics of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, were studied by the method of dominant bacteria and immobilized microorganisms. Methods Taking DBP as the only carbon source to acclimatize the collected activated sludge, the concentration of DBP increased progressively in the process of acclimatization. Plate streaking was used to separate 1 strain of the degradation dominant bacteria after acclimatization. Better conditions to degrade DBP by the bacterium could be obtained through orthogonal experiments and the bacterium was identified. Then the acclimated activated sludge was made to immobilize the microorganism using polyvinyl alcohol as entrapment agent. The immobilized microorganism degraded DBP at different conditions. Results The appropriate conditions to degrade DBP by the dominant bacteria were: degradation time, 32 h; DBP concentration, 200 mg/L; rate of shaking incubator, 100 r/min; pH, 7 and temperature, 30℃. DBP could be degraded by more than 95% under such conditions. The bacteria were identified as pseudomonas. The proliferated immobilized microorganisms degraded DBP more effectively and more adapted to temperature and pH than the free acclimated activated sludge. Conclusion One strain of DBP degradation dominant bacteria was separated from the acclimatized activated sludge. It could grow with DBP as the only carbon source and energy, and degraded DBP effectively. After having been immobilized and proliferated, the dominant bacteria could keep a higher biological activity and degrade DBP more effectively than activated sludge.展开更多
Exposure to endocrine disruptors(EDCs) could disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis. However, human epidemiological studies reported inconsistent observations, and scarce information on the effect of a mixture of chemica...Exposure to endocrine disruptors(EDCs) could disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis. However, human epidemiological studies reported inconsistent observations, and scarce information on the effect of a mixture of chemicals. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of multiple chemicals with thyroid hormones among adults from China. We measured serum levels of thyroid hormones and urinary levels of 11 EDCs, including six phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A(BPA), bisphenol F(BPF), bisphenol S(BPS), perchlorate, and thiocyanate among 177 healthy adults without occupational exposure. Associations of multiple urinary analytes with serum thyroid hormones were examined by performing general linear regression analysis and bayesian kernal machine regression analysis. These EDCs were detected in almost all samples. After adjusting for various covariates, we observed only BPF significantly associated with total thyroxin(TT4)(β=-0.27, 95% confidence interval(CI) [-0.41,-0.14]), total triiodothyronine(TT3)(β=-0.02 95% CI [-0.03,-0.01]), free T4(fT4)(β=-0.02, 95% CI [-0.03,-0.01]), and free T3(fT3)(β=-0.04, 95% CI [-0.07,-0.01]), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate(MEOHP) and monoethyl phthalate(MEP) positively associated with TT4(β=0.24, 95% CI [0.01, 0.48]) and fT4(β=0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.04]), respectively. Moreover, we observed significant dose-response relationships between TT4 and the mixture of11 EDCs, and BPF was the main contributor to the mixture effect, suggesting the priority of potential effect of BPF on disrupting thyroid function under a real scenario of human exposure to multiple EDCs. Our findings supported the hypothesis that human exposure to low levels of EDCs could alter thyroid hormones homeostasis among non-occupational healthy adults.展开更多
Obesity is becoming an inevitable pandemic all over the world.The World Obesity Federation predicts in the 2022 World Obesity Atlas that one billion people worldwide,including 1 in 5 women and 1 in 7 men,will be livin...Obesity is becoming an inevitable pandemic all over the world.The World Obesity Federation predicts in the 2022 World Obesity Atlas that one billion people worldwide,including 1 in 5 women and 1 in 7 men,will be living with obesity by 2030.Moreover,the prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide,and diabetes is becoming more of a public health problem.Increased insulin resistance due to obesity and deficiency in insulin secretion are the two main causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).An exogenous chemical or mixture of chemicals that interferes with any aspect of hormone action was defined as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Bisphenol A(BPA),the first known EDC,was synthesized and was considered to be estrogenic.Global production of BPA has increased progressively from 5 to 8 million tons(MT)between 2010 and 2016.Furthermore,researchers estimated that the production should reach 10.2 MT by 2022.The human population is exposed to EDCs in daily life in such forms as pesticides/herbicides,industrial and household products,plastics,detergents,and personal care products.The term obesogen was used for chemicals that promote weight gain and obesity by increasing the number of adipocytes and fat storage in existing adipocytes,changing the energy balance,and finally regulating appetite and satiety.Besides the obesogenic effect,EDCs can cause T2DM through alteration inßcell function and morphology and insulin resistance.In this review,we provide clinical and mechanistic evidence regarding EDCs as obesogen and diabetogen.However,those studies are not enough methodologically to indicate causality.In this respect,randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the association between obesogen,diabetogen and the related metabolic clinical picture.展开更多
In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub&...In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of available literature published. The result on the regression analysis over different exposure times has demonstrated that the EC<sub>50</sub> of hepatic biomarkers falls with increasing exposure times in a predictable manner. The slopes of the regression equations reflect the strength of the toxic effects on the various teleost fish. The EC<sub>50</sub> reduction over time can be interpreted based on the bioconcentration process, which can be used to understand transfer routes of the compounds from water to fish body. RLE model also provides useful information in assessing the toxic effects on fish life expectancy as a result of the occurrence of compounds.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the EDC （endocrine disruptors compounds） in the city of Sao Paulo＇s water sources, from samples collected at predetermined sampling points and to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of the...This study aimed to evaluate the EDC （endocrine disruptors compounds） in the city of Sao Paulo＇s water sources, from samples collected at predetermined sampling points and to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of these compounds in different types of activated carbon. The effects of these EDC on humans are not well established due to the necessary large exposure time for the effect＇s manifestation. After tests using powdered and granular activated carbon, all samples were filtered under vacuum using cellulose acetate membrane （0.45 μm） to remove eventual impurities, and posteriorly carded out the solid-phase extraction SPE （solid-phase extraction） and chromatographic analysis. The results lead to the conclusion that both powdered activated carbon have removal effectiveness of these compounds by adsorption. Furthermore, great amount of endocrine disruptors were found at several sampling points in river and city＇s water reservoirs, which shows different levels of pollution of water sources, some of them responsible for the watersupply of the city of Silo Paulo, Brazil.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the occurrence levels of endocrine disruptors(EDCs)in rural areas around a county landfill in Tongren City.[Methods]The water around the landfill was sampled and analyze...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the occurrence levels of endocrine disruptors(EDCs)in rural areas around a county landfill in Tongren City.[Methods]The water around the landfill was sampled and analyzed.A solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)method was established for the determination of 27 EDCs.After the HLB solid-phase extraction column was activated,a water sample,which was adjusted with phosphoric acid to a pH of 2(±0.5)and added with 500 mg of disodium EDTA,was loaded,and 5 ml of water and 20%methanol water was added for washing.Next,10 ml of elution solution was added for elution,and the collected eluate was evaporated under reduced pressure at 40℃to near dryness,and 1 ml of reconstitution solution was added to a constant volume.An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(100×2.1 mm,2.6μm)chromatographic column was adopted for LC separation by gradient elution with pure water solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase.For MS detection,the MRM mode was adopted for collection,and the positive and negative ion modes were switched for simultaneous determination,and the internal standard method was used for quantification.[Results]The correlation coefficient R2 was greater than 0.99 in the linear range of each target substance.The limits of quantitation in the method were between 0.05 and 2.00 ng/L,and the recoveries ranged from 75.3%to 105.7%.[Conclusions]The method has high sensitivity,good accuracy and strong practical value.展开更多
A Conversation with Prof.Robert Peter Gale,Editor-in-Chief of Leukemia,on Academic Publishing and International Dissemination 1.Editor’s note In February 2025,we are very pleased to interview Professor Robert Peter G...A Conversation with Prof.Robert Peter Gale,Editor-in-Chief of Leukemia,on Academic Publishing and International Dissemination 1.Editor’s note In February 2025,we are very pleased to interview Professor Robert Peter Gale,Editor-in-Chief of Leukemia.Prof.Gale has dedicated to scientific and clinical research on leukemia and other bone marrow disorders over 50 years.In this interview,Prof.Gale shared his views on AI technology and its impact on the development of hematology.展开更多
Endocrine disruptors(EDs)are synthetic or natural chemical molecules occurring in environment that have the potential to impart adverse effects on homeostasis of endocrine axis leading to neurological,developmental,im...Endocrine disruptors(EDs)are synthetic or natural chemical molecules occurring in environment that have the potential to impart adverse effects on homeostasis of endocrine axis leading to neurological,developmental,immunological and reproductive disarray at organismal level.A wide range of structurally diverse EDs such as,sex-steroid hormone mimics,pesticides and fertilizers,prevail in the environment originating from waste of industries,pharmaceutics,sewage treatment plants and agriculture.In addition,some metals,such as Cu,Hg and Zn,have endocrine disrupting potency in their metallic as well as synthesized nano-particulate forms.There is an increasing concern in research for the plausible threat posed by EDs that can disrupt the endocrine system in aquatic fauna as these compounds are frequently discharged or run-off into water stream.Fishes are well known bio-indicators to understand toxicity of EDs as they are vulnerable to endocrine disruption.Furthermore,EDs have the potential to affect fish-feeding higher vertebrates including mammals and subsequently human,as they make their way up on the food web pyramid due to biomagnification.In light of this,several observations suggesting adverse effects of EDs and the mechanism contributing to endocrine disruption in fish are discussed extensively in this review.This article highlights the necessity to choose a credible model for assessing the toxic effects exerted by EDs.Furthermore,the toxic effects of EDs will be comprehensively reviewed with reference to sexual plasticity,neuroendocrine mechanisms,thyroid and immune modulation,gonadal development and maturation as well as changes in transcriptome/genome profile using fish models to imply ED-induced aquatic pollution in a larger perspective.For decades now,studies on EDs have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology to develop new molecular markers to improve methodologies and to assess the ecological risks associated with field conditions.In this regard,it is imperative to highlight the development of modern diagnostic tools including biosensors to monitor the inadvertent usage of EDs and the resultant environmental risks.Lastly,current limitations in knowledge along with future research perspectives in the field are also highlighted in this article.展开更多
The ozone oxidation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water was investigated.A stainless completely mixed reactor was employed to carry out the degradation experiments by means of a batch model.With an in...The ozone oxidation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water was investigated.A stainless completely mixed reactor was employed to carry out the degradation experiments by means of a batch model.With an initial concentration of 11.0 mg/L,the removal efficiencies of BPA(bisphenol A)could be measured up to 70%,82%,and 90%when the dosages of ozone were 1,1.5,and 2 mg/L,respectively.The impacts on BPA degradation under the con-ditions of different ozone dosages,water background values,BPA initial concentrations,and ozone adding time were ana-lyzed.The results showed that ozone dosage plays a dominant role during the process of BPA degradation,while the impact of the contact time could be ignored.UV wavelength scan-ning was used to confirm that the by-products were produced,which could be absorbed at UV254.The value of UV254 was observed to have changed during the ozonation process.Based on the change of UV254,it could be concluded that BPA is not completely degraded at low ozone dosage,while shorter adding time of total ozone dosage,high ozone dosage,and improvement of dissolved ozone concentration greatly contribute to the extent of BPA degradation.The effects of applied H_(2)O_(2) dose in ozone oxidation of BPA were also examined in this study.The O_(3)-H_(2)O_(2) processes proved to have similar effects on the degradation of BPA by ozone oxidation.展开更多
Artemisinin and its derivatives have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for cancer therapy by endogenous iron-mediated generation of free radicals.However,the enhanced antioxidant defense systems in cancer cells ...Artemisinin and its derivatives have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for cancer therapy by endogenous iron-mediated generation of free radicals.However,the enhanced antioxidant defense systems in cancer cells provide them with resistance to oxidative damage,greatly antagonizing the therapeutic efficacy that relies on inducing oxidative stress.Herein,a metal-organic framework(MOF)-based nanoplatform(CMD)is constructed to disrupt the cellular redox homeostasis and selectively potentiate the cytotoxicity of dihydroartemisinin for cancer therapy.In cancer cells,the copper(II)sites in the MOF nanocarrier of CMD can efficiently weaken the cellular antioxidant capacity by depleting the overexpressed glutathione,simultaneously leading to the decomposition of the framework structure and the release of the encapsulated dihydroartemisinin.As a result,the damaged antioxidant defense system of cancer cells reduces its effect on oxidative stress alleviation and strengthens the therapeutic efficacy of dihydroartemisinin.On contrast,the low concentration of cellular glutathione in normal cells protects them from dihydroartemisinin-induced cytotoxicity by decelerating the drug release.In vivo results demonstrate that CMD could completely suppress the tumor growth in mice and show no evidence of toxicity,providing an effective strategy for the practical usage of dihydroartemisinin in cancer therapy.展开更多
Our endocrine system is not only complex,but is also enormously sensitive to the imbalances caused by the environmental stressors,extreme weather situation,and other geographical factors.The endocrine disruptions are ...Our endocrine system is not only complex,but is also enormously sensitive to the imbalances caused by the environmental stressors,extreme weather situation,and other geographical factors.The endocrine disruptions are associated with the bone diseases.Osteoporosis is a bone disorder that occurs when bone mineral density and bone mass decrease.It affects women and men of all races and ethnic groups,causing bone weakness and the risk of fractures.Environmental stresses are referred to physical,chemical,and biological factors that can impact species productivity.This research aims to examine the impact of environmental stresses on bone diseases like osteoporosis and low bone mass(LBM)in the United States(US).For this purpose,we use an artificial neural network model to evaluate the correlation between the data.A multilayer neural network model is constructed using the Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm,and its performance is evaluated by mean absolute error and coefficient of correlation.The data of osteoporosis and LBM cases in the US are divided into three groups,including gender group,age group,and race/ethnicity group.Each group shows a positive correlation with environmental stresses and thus the endocrinology.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant activity of Kaempferia(K.)parviflora rhizome extract and study its protective effect against male reproductive impairment induced by fenitrothion.Methods:The phytochemicals and an...Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant activity of Kaempferia(K.)parviflora rhizome extract and study its protective effect against male reproductive impairment induced by fenitrothion.Methods:The phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of K.parviflora ethanolic extract were assessed.Twenty-four male mice aged 4-weeks-old were assigned into four groups.Groups 1 to 4 respectively received extra virgin olive oil(served as the vehicle control),20 mg/kg body weight(bw)of fenitrothion,50 mg/kg bw of K.parviflora ethanolic extract,and 50 mg/kg bw of K.parviflora ethanolic extract plus 20 mg/kg bw of fenitrothion.Upon completion of 28 days of continuous feeding treatment,the mice were subjected to mating evaluation and the assessment of epididymal sperm quality,lipid peroxidation,testosterone level and histological evaluation.Results:Eight phytochemical compounds were detected in the ethanolic extract of K.parviflora via GC-MS.The extract exhibited a DPPH radical scavenging activity with an EC50 value of(0.870±0.007)mg/mL.Mice fed with fenitrothion in group 2 displayed an increase in relative testis weight,lipid peroxidation levels and a significant reduction in all sperm parameters(sperm concentration,progressive motility,and viability),as well as serum testosterone levels compared to the control mice in group 1(P<0.05).On the other hand,mice fed with K.parviflora ethanolic extract in group 3 showed a significant increase in serum testosterone levels compared to group 1.Mice co-administered with K.parviflora ethanolic extract and fenitrothion in group 4 exhibited a significant improvement in testosterone levels,sperm concentration,motility,and viability compared to the mice administered only with fenitrothion in group 2(P<0.05).Histological analysis of testicular tissue from group 4 further revealed improved testicular morphology in comparison to fenitrothion-treated mice.Conclusions:Eight bioactive compounds were identified in K.parviflora ethanolic extract and the extract exhibited antioxidative properties.Fenitrothion administration impairs testicular function,reducing sperm parameters and testosterone while increasing lipid peroxidation.However,K.parviflora ethanolic extract coadministration alleviates oxidative stress,improves sperm parameters and testosterone levels,and enhances testicular morphology.These findings suggest that K.parviflora ethanolic extract has the therapeutic potential in mitigating male reproductive adverse effects induced by fenitrothion.展开更多
文摘Endocrine disruptors （e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane [DDT], dioxin, and some pesticides） are estrogen-like and anti-androgenic chemicals in the environment. They mimic natural hormones, inhibit the action of hormones, or alter the normal regulatory function of the endocrine system and have potential hazardous effects on male reproductive axis causing infertility. Although testicular and prostate cancers, abnormal sexual development, undescended testis, chronic inflammation, Sertoli-cell-only pattern, hypospadias, altered pituitary and thyroid gland functions are also observed, the available data are insufficient to deduce worldwide conclusions. The development of intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） is beyond doubt the most important recent breakthrough in the treatment of male infertility, but it does not necessarily treat the cause and may inadvertently pass on adverse genetic consequences. Many well-controlled clinical studies and basic scientific discoveries in the physiology, biochemistry, and molecular and cellular biology of the male reproductive system have helped in the identification of greater numbers of men with male factor problems. Newer tools for the detection of Y-chromosome deletions have further strengthened the hypothesis that the decline in male reproductive health and fertility may be related to the presence of certain toxic chemicals in the environment. Thus the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of male factor infertility remain a real challenge. Clinicians should always attempt to identify the etiology of a possible testicular toxicity, assess the degree of risk to the patient being evaluated for infertility, and initiate a plan to control and prevent exposure to others once an association between occupation/toxicant and infertility has been established.
文摘To study the effect of endocrine disruptor chemicals in cow milk on female reproductive system. Methods A two-generation reproduction was conducted according to U. S. FDA standard. Milk was fed in special bottle to Wistar rats of both sexes through two successive generations （F0 and F1） in the milk group while artificial milk was fed to rats in the control group. Twenty-four rats of each sex were mated in each group. Measurements were made according to this guideline. Results Reproductive parameters in the milk group such as fertility index, gestation index, weights of uterus and ovary, days of vaginal opening, estrous cycles, histological morphological changes were comparable to those in the control group. However, the means of body weight had some differences. The body weight gains increased significantly in the milk-treated group in F1 and F2 generation compared with those in the control group. The concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） in blood in the milk group was comparable to that in the control group, but the standard deviation changed greatly in the milk-treated rats. Conclusion Endocrine disruptor chemicals in milk have no severe effects on the female reproductive system.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30271104).
文摘Objective The biodegradation characteristics of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, were studied by the method of dominant bacteria and immobilized microorganisms. Methods Taking DBP as the only carbon source to acclimatize the collected activated sludge, the concentration of DBP increased progressively in the process of acclimatization. Plate streaking was used to separate 1 strain of the degradation dominant bacteria after acclimatization. Better conditions to degrade DBP by the bacterium could be obtained through orthogonal experiments and the bacterium was identified. Then the acclimated activated sludge was made to immobilize the microorganism using polyvinyl alcohol as entrapment agent. The immobilized microorganism degraded DBP at different conditions. Results The appropriate conditions to degrade DBP by the dominant bacteria were: degradation time, 32 h; DBP concentration, 200 mg/L; rate of shaking incubator, 100 r/min; pH, 7 and temperature, 30℃. DBP could be degraded by more than 95% under such conditions. The bacteria were identified as pseudomonas. The proliferated immobilized microorganisms degraded DBP more effectively and more adapted to temperature and pH than the free acclimated activated sludge. Conclusion One strain of DBP degradation dominant bacteria was separated from the acclimatized activated sludge. It could grow with DBP as the only carbon source and energy, and degraded DBP effectively. After having been immobilized and proliferated, the dominant bacteria could keep a higher biological activity and degrade DBP more effectively than activated sludge.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21976046, 21537001, and 21507018)by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFC1600500)。
文摘Exposure to endocrine disruptors(EDCs) could disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis. However, human epidemiological studies reported inconsistent observations, and scarce information on the effect of a mixture of chemicals. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of multiple chemicals with thyroid hormones among adults from China. We measured serum levels of thyroid hormones and urinary levels of 11 EDCs, including six phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A(BPA), bisphenol F(BPF), bisphenol S(BPS), perchlorate, and thiocyanate among 177 healthy adults without occupational exposure. Associations of multiple urinary analytes with serum thyroid hormones were examined by performing general linear regression analysis and bayesian kernal machine regression analysis. These EDCs were detected in almost all samples. After adjusting for various covariates, we observed only BPF significantly associated with total thyroxin(TT4)(β=-0.27, 95% confidence interval(CI) [-0.41,-0.14]), total triiodothyronine(TT3)(β=-0.02 95% CI [-0.03,-0.01]), free T4(fT4)(β=-0.02, 95% CI [-0.03,-0.01]), and free T3(fT3)(β=-0.04, 95% CI [-0.07,-0.01]), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate(MEOHP) and monoethyl phthalate(MEP) positively associated with TT4(β=0.24, 95% CI [0.01, 0.48]) and fT4(β=0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.04]), respectively. Moreover, we observed significant dose-response relationships between TT4 and the mixture of11 EDCs, and BPF was the main contributor to the mixture effect, suggesting the priority of potential effect of BPF on disrupting thyroid function under a real scenario of human exposure to multiple EDCs. Our findings supported the hypothesis that human exposure to low levels of EDCs could alter thyroid hormones homeostasis among non-occupational healthy adults.
文摘Obesity is becoming an inevitable pandemic all over the world.The World Obesity Federation predicts in the 2022 World Obesity Atlas that one billion people worldwide,including 1 in 5 women and 1 in 7 men,will be living with obesity by 2030.Moreover,the prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide,and diabetes is becoming more of a public health problem.Increased insulin resistance due to obesity and deficiency in insulin secretion are the two main causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).An exogenous chemical or mixture of chemicals that interferes with any aspect of hormone action was defined as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Bisphenol A(BPA),the first known EDC,was synthesized and was considered to be estrogenic.Global production of BPA has increased progressively from 5 to 8 million tons(MT)between 2010 and 2016.Furthermore,researchers estimated that the production should reach 10.2 MT by 2022.The human population is exposed to EDCs in daily life in such forms as pesticides/herbicides,industrial and household products,plastics,detergents,and personal care products.The term obesogen was used for chemicals that promote weight gain and obesity by increasing the number of adipocytes and fat storage in existing adipocytes,changing the energy balance,and finally regulating appetite and satiety.Besides the obesogenic effect,EDCs can cause T2DM through alteration inßcell function and morphology and insulin resistance.In this review,we provide clinical and mechanistic evidence regarding EDCs as obesogen and diabetogen.However,those studies are not enough methodologically to indicate causality.In this respect,randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the association between obesogen,diabetogen and the related metabolic clinical picture.
文摘In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of available literature published. The result on the regression analysis over different exposure times has demonstrated that the EC<sub>50</sub> of hepatic biomarkers falls with increasing exposure times in a predictable manner. The slopes of the regression equations reflect the strength of the toxic effects on the various teleost fish. The EC<sub>50</sub> reduction over time can be interpreted based on the bioconcentration process, which can be used to understand transfer routes of the compounds from water to fish body. RLE model also provides useful information in assessing the toxic effects on fish life expectancy as a result of the occurrence of compounds.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the EDC （endocrine disruptors compounds） in the city of Sao Paulo＇s water sources, from samples collected at predetermined sampling points and to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of these compounds in different types of activated carbon. The effects of these EDC on humans are not well established due to the necessary large exposure time for the effect＇s manifestation. After tests using powdered and granular activated carbon, all samples were filtered under vacuum using cellulose acetate membrane （0.45 μm） to remove eventual impurities, and posteriorly carded out the solid-phase extraction SPE （solid-phase extraction） and chromatographic analysis. The results lead to the conclusion that both powdered activated carbon have removal effectiveness of these compounds by adsorption. Furthermore, great amount of endocrine disruptors were found at several sampling points in river and city＇s water reservoirs, which shows different levels of pollution of water sources, some of them responsible for the watersupply of the city of Silo Paulo, Brazil.
基金Supported by Tongren Science and Technology Planning Project (TSKY[2022]42)Education Science Planning Project of Department of Education of Guizhou Province (2023B111).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the occurrence levels of endocrine disruptors(EDCs)in rural areas around a county landfill in Tongren City.[Methods]The water around the landfill was sampled and analyzed.A solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)method was established for the determination of 27 EDCs.After the HLB solid-phase extraction column was activated,a water sample,which was adjusted with phosphoric acid to a pH of 2(±0.5)and added with 500 mg of disodium EDTA,was loaded,and 5 ml of water and 20%methanol water was added for washing.Next,10 ml of elution solution was added for elution,and the collected eluate was evaporated under reduced pressure at 40℃to near dryness,and 1 ml of reconstitution solution was added to a constant volume.An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(100×2.1 mm,2.6μm)chromatographic column was adopted for LC separation by gradient elution with pure water solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase.For MS detection,the MRM mode was adopted for collection,and the positive and negative ion modes were switched for simultaneous determination,and the internal standard method was used for quantification.[Results]The correlation coefficient R2 was greater than 0.99 in the linear range of each target substance.The limits of quantitation in the method were between 0.05 and 2.00 ng/L,and the recoveries ranged from 75.3%to 105.7%.[Conclusions]The method has high sensitivity,good accuracy and strong practical value.
文摘A Conversation with Prof.Robert Peter Gale,Editor-in-Chief of Leukemia,on Academic Publishing and International Dissemination 1.Editor’s note In February 2025,we are very pleased to interview Professor Robert Peter Gale,Editor-in-Chief of Leukemia.Prof.Gale has dedicated to scientific and clinical research on leukemia and other bone marrow disorders over 50 years.In this interview,Prof.Gale shared his views on AI technology and its impact on the development of hematology.
基金SK and PS are grateful to the University of Hyderabad for Non-NET fellowships.NA is thankful to the Junior Research Fellowship support by a grant-in-aid(BT/PR15748/AAQ/3/803/2016)from the Department of Biotechnology(DBT)India awarded to BS.BS is also a recipient of TATA innovation fellowship(BT/HRD/35/01/02/2013)from DBT,India(during the years:2014-2019)which is acknowledged.
文摘Endocrine disruptors(EDs)are synthetic or natural chemical molecules occurring in environment that have the potential to impart adverse effects on homeostasis of endocrine axis leading to neurological,developmental,immunological and reproductive disarray at organismal level.A wide range of structurally diverse EDs such as,sex-steroid hormone mimics,pesticides and fertilizers,prevail in the environment originating from waste of industries,pharmaceutics,sewage treatment plants and agriculture.In addition,some metals,such as Cu,Hg and Zn,have endocrine disrupting potency in their metallic as well as synthesized nano-particulate forms.There is an increasing concern in research for the plausible threat posed by EDs that can disrupt the endocrine system in aquatic fauna as these compounds are frequently discharged or run-off into water stream.Fishes are well known bio-indicators to understand toxicity of EDs as they are vulnerable to endocrine disruption.Furthermore,EDs have the potential to affect fish-feeding higher vertebrates including mammals and subsequently human,as they make their way up on the food web pyramid due to biomagnification.In light of this,several observations suggesting adverse effects of EDs and the mechanism contributing to endocrine disruption in fish are discussed extensively in this review.This article highlights the necessity to choose a credible model for assessing the toxic effects exerted by EDs.Furthermore,the toxic effects of EDs will be comprehensively reviewed with reference to sexual plasticity,neuroendocrine mechanisms,thyroid and immune modulation,gonadal development and maturation as well as changes in transcriptome/genome profile using fish models to imply ED-induced aquatic pollution in a larger perspective.For decades now,studies on EDs have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology to develop new molecular markers to improve methodologies and to assess the ecological risks associated with field conditions.In this regard,it is imperative to highlight the development of modern diagnostic tools including biosensors to monitor the inadvertent usage of EDs and the resultant environmental risks.Lastly,current limitations in knowledge along with future research perspectives in the field are also highlighted in this article.
基金This work was completed with help from all members of the project team led by Professor GAO Naiyun.This work was supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development(863)Program of China(Grant No.2002AA649410)the Basic Science Research Program of Shanghai(Grant No.05JC14059)+1 种基金the Excellent Young Teachers Program of Tongji UniversityThis work belongs to the open pro- gram of the state key laboratory of pollution control and resources reuse (PCRRF05007), Tongji University.
文摘The ozone oxidation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water was investigated.A stainless completely mixed reactor was employed to carry out the degradation experiments by means of a batch model.With an initial concentration of 11.0 mg/L,the removal efficiencies of BPA(bisphenol A)could be measured up to 70%,82%,and 90%when the dosages of ozone were 1,1.5,and 2 mg/L,respectively.The impacts on BPA degradation under the con-ditions of different ozone dosages,water background values,BPA initial concentrations,and ozone adding time were ana-lyzed.The results showed that ozone dosage plays a dominant role during the process of BPA degradation,while the impact of the contact time could be ignored.UV wavelength scan-ning was used to confirm that the by-products were produced,which could be absorbed at UV254.The value of UV254 was observed to have changed during the ozonation process.Based on the change of UV254,it could be concluded that BPA is not completely degraded at low ozone dosage,while shorter adding time of total ozone dosage,high ozone dosage,and improvement of dissolved ozone concentration greatly contribute to the extent of BPA degradation.The effects of applied H_(2)O_(2) dose in ozone oxidation of BPA were also examined in this study.The O_(3)-H_(2)O_(2) processes proved to have similar effects on the degradation of BPA by ozone oxidation.
基金the Program of Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province of China(No.20200201099JC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21871249 and 22105197).
文摘Artemisinin and its derivatives have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for cancer therapy by endogenous iron-mediated generation of free radicals.However,the enhanced antioxidant defense systems in cancer cells provide them with resistance to oxidative damage,greatly antagonizing the therapeutic efficacy that relies on inducing oxidative stress.Herein,a metal-organic framework(MOF)-based nanoplatform(CMD)is constructed to disrupt the cellular redox homeostasis and selectively potentiate the cytotoxicity of dihydroartemisinin for cancer therapy.In cancer cells,the copper(II)sites in the MOF nanocarrier of CMD can efficiently weaken the cellular antioxidant capacity by depleting the overexpressed glutathione,simultaneously leading to the decomposition of the framework structure and the release of the encapsulated dihydroartemisinin.As a result,the damaged antioxidant defense system of cancer cells reduces its effect on oxidative stress alleviation and strengthens the therapeutic efficacy of dihydroartemisinin.On contrast,the low concentration of cellular glutathione in normal cells protects them from dihydroartemisinin-induced cytotoxicity by decelerating the drug release.In vivo results demonstrate that CMD could completely suppress the tumor growth in mice and show no evidence of toxicity,providing an effective strategy for the practical usage of dihydroartemisinin in cancer therapy.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by NRPU 4275.
文摘Our endocrine system is not only complex,but is also enormously sensitive to the imbalances caused by the environmental stressors,extreme weather situation,and other geographical factors.The endocrine disruptions are associated with the bone diseases.Osteoporosis is a bone disorder that occurs when bone mineral density and bone mass decrease.It affects women and men of all races and ethnic groups,causing bone weakness and the risk of fractures.Environmental stresses are referred to physical,chemical,and biological factors that can impact species productivity.This research aims to examine the impact of environmental stresses on bone diseases like osteoporosis and low bone mass(LBM)in the United States(US).For this purpose,we use an artificial neural network model to evaluate the correlation between the data.A multilayer neural network model is constructed using the Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm,and its performance is evaluated by mean absolute error and coefficient of correlation.The data of osteoporosis and LBM cases in the US are divided into three groups,including gender group,age group,and race/ethnicity group.Each group shows a positive correlation with environmental stresses and thus the endocrinology.
基金supported by Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman(UTAR)Research Fund(IPSR/RMC/UTARRF 2021-C2/40).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant activity of Kaempferia(K.)parviflora rhizome extract and study its protective effect against male reproductive impairment induced by fenitrothion.Methods:The phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of K.parviflora ethanolic extract were assessed.Twenty-four male mice aged 4-weeks-old were assigned into four groups.Groups 1 to 4 respectively received extra virgin olive oil(served as the vehicle control),20 mg/kg body weight(bw)of fenitrothion,50 mg/kg bw of K.parviflora ethanolic extract,and 50 mg/kg bw of K.parviflora ethanolic extract plus 20 mg/kg bw of fenitrothion.Upon completion of 28 days of continuous feeding treatment,the mice were subjected to mating evaluation and the assessment of epididymal sperm quality,lipid peroxidation,testosterone level and histological evaluation.Results:Eight phytochemical compounds were detected in the ethanolic extract of K.parviflora via GC-MS.The extract exhibited a DPPH radical scavenging activity with an EC50 value of(0.870±0.007)mg/mL.Mice fed with fenitrothion in group 2 displayed an increase in relative testis weight,lipid peroxidation levels and a significant reduction in all sperm parameters(sperm concentration,progressive motility,and viability),as well as serum testosterone levels compared to the control mice in group 1(P<0.05).On the other hand,mice fed with K.parviflora ethanolic extract in group 3 showed a significant increase in serum testosterone levels compared to group 1.Mice co-administered with K.parviflora ethanolic extract and fenitrothion in group 4 exhibited a significant improvement in testosterone levels,sperm concentration,motility,and viability compared to the mice administered only with fenitrothion in group 2(P<0.05).Histological analysis of testicular tissue from group 4 further revealed improved testicular morphology in comparison to fenitrothion-treated mice.Conclusions:Eight bioactive compounds were identified in K.parviflora ethanolic extract and the extract exhibited antioxidative properties.Fenitrothion administration impairs testicular function,reducing sperm parameters and testosterone while increasing lipid peroxidation.However,K.parviflora ethanolic extract coadministration alleviates oxidative stress,improves sperm parameters and testosterone levels,and enhances testicular morphology.These findings suggest that K.parviflora ethanolic extract has the therapeutic potential in mitigating male reproductive adverse effects induced by fenitrothion.
