Schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) are two psychiatric disorders with a negative impact on quality of life of individuals affected. Although they are classified into distinct disorders ca...Schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) are two psychiatric disorders with a negative impact on quality of life of individuals affected. Although they are classified into distinct disorders categories, attentional dysfunction is considered as a core feature in both conditions, either at the clinical then pathophysiological level. Beyond the obvious clinical overlap between these disorders, the Research DomainCriteria approach might offer an interesting perspective for disentangling common circuits underpinning both disorders. Hence, we review evidences regarding the overlap between schizophrenia and ADHD, at the clinical level, and at the level of underlying brain mechanisms. The evidence regarding the influence of environmental risk factors in the emergence of both disorders, and their developmental trajectories is also reviewed. Among these, we will try to elucidate the complex relationship between stimulants use and psychotic symptoms, discussing the potential role of ADHD medication in inducing psychosis or in exacerbating it. We aim that, taken together, these findings may promote further investigation with important implications both for clinicians and research. In fact, considering the amounting evidence on the overlap between schizophrenia and ADHD, the delineation of their boundaries might help in the decision for diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, it may help to promote interventions focused on the prevention of both schizophrenia and ADHD, by the reduction of recognized environmental risk factors.展开更多
Cognitive impairment is a symptom of schizophrenia and strongly associated with impaired social function. In recent years, cognitive interventions (cognitive remediation therapies) have been implemented and their resu...Cognitive impairment is a symptom of schizophrenia and strongly associated with impaired social function. In recent years, cognitive interventions (cognitive remediation therapies) have been implemented and their results have also been reported. Intervention studies have been conducted using a variety of methods that differ in terms of terminology, approach, and targeted cognitive domains. In this study, we examined trends in recent cognitive remediation research conducted subsequent to the meta-analyses of McGurk et al. (2007) and Wykes et al. (2011). We identified studies conducted between 2009 and 2013 to examine computer-assisted cognitive remediation and collated and analyzed the literature describing their major results and trends. Our results indicated improved cognitive performance subsequent to cognitive remediation therapy using computer programs. We found promising outcomes, particularly in reasoning and problem solving, verbal learning and memory, verbal working memory, and attention and vigilance, which replicated the findings of Wykes et al. (2011).展开更多
目的探讨首发精神分裂症缺陷型与非缺陷型患者视觉图形记忆的差异。方法纳入199例首发未治疗精神分裂症患者及148名正常对照。采用缺陷型精神分裂症诊断量表中文版(Schedule for the Deficit Syn drome,SDS)将患者分为缺陷型(51例)和非...目的探讨首发精神分裂症缺陷型与非缺陷型患者视觉图形记忆的差异。方法纳入199例首发未治疗精神分裂症患者及148名正常对照。采用缺陷型精神分裂症诊断量表中文版(Schedule for the Deficit Syn drome,SDS)将患者分为缺陷型(51例)和非缺陷型(148例)两组。使用视觉图形记忆(Pattern Recognition Memo ry,PRM)工具评定患者和对照的即刻与延迟时相图形记忆功能。用阳性与阴性症状量表(Positive and NegativeSymptom Scale,PANSS)评定两组患者的症状严重程度。结果与对照组比较,两患者组(除非缺陷型即刻时相反应时长外)所有图形记忆功能均较差(P<0.05)。两组患者间比较,即刻时相图形记忆功能差异无统计学意义([3751.00±2552.89)vs(.2999.80±1834.20),P=0.22;(86.49±15.34)vs(.87.28±16.00),P=0.96],而延迟时相缺陷型较非缺陷型反应时长更长([5086.80±7528.54)vs(.3527.40±3649.08),P<0.01],正确率更低([63.10±19.17)vs(.70.69±15.34),P<0.01]。图形记忆指标与缺陷型患者的阴性症状无相关性(P>0.05)。结论精神分裂症在疾病早期认知功能视觉图形记忆即受到损害。首发缺陷型精神分裂症图形记忆功能只有在延迟时相才与非缺陷型表现出差异,记忆反应时长在即刻与延迟时相始终延长。提示这是一类具有特征性的认知功能缺损特点的精神分裂症亚型。展开更多
目的明确首发缺陷型和非缺陷型精神分裂症患者空间工作记忆损害的差异性,并了解损害是否与阴性症状相关。方法纳入116例首发精神分裂症患者及60名正常对照。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)对患者...目的明确首发缺陷型和非缺陷型精神分裂症患者空间工作记忆损害的差异性,并了解损害是否与阴性症状相关。方法纳入116例首发精神分裂症患者及60名正常对照。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)对患者阳性症状和阴性症状进行评定,并采用缺陷型精神分裂症诊断量表中文版(schedule for the deficit syndrome,SDS)将患者分为缺陷型(28例)和非缺陷型(88例)。使用剑桥神经认知自动化成套测试软件(Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery,CANTAB)中的空间工作记忆(spatial working memory,SWM)测试工具对患者和对照组进行测试。结果校正年龄、性别、受教育年限等因素后,缺陷型患者组在4方块任务组间错误(P=0.03)、6方块任务组间错误(P=0.01)、8方块任务组间错误(P=0.03)、总错误(P=0.01)、策略(P<0.01)等SWM指标中成绩均差于非缺陷型患者组,并且两组均差于对照组(均P<0.01)。缺陷型患者组与非缺陷型患者组的SWM损害与阴性症状无统计学相关性(P>0.05)。结论疾病早期,缺陷型精神分裂症患者的空间工作记忆损害就重于非缺陷型,提示二者可能是不同的亚型。展开更多
文摘Schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) are two psychiatric disorders with a negative impact on quality of life of individuals affected. Although they are classified into distinct disorders categories, attentional dysfunction is considered as a core feature in both conditions, either at the clinical then pathophysiological level. Beyond the obvious clinical overlap between these disorders, the Research DomainCriteria approach might offer an interesting perspective for disentangling common circuits underpinning both disorders. Hence, we review evidences regarding the overlap between schizophrenia and ADHD, at the clinical level, and at the level of underlying brain mechanisms. The evidence regarding the influence of environmental risk factors in the emergence of both disorders, and their developmental trajectories is also reviewed. Among these, we will try to elucidate the complex relationship between stimulants use and psychotic symptoms, discussing the potential role of ADHD medication in inducing psychosis or in exacerbating it. We aim that, taken together, these findings may promote further investigation with important implications both for clinicians and research. In fact, considering the amounting evidence on the overlap between schizophrenia and ADHD, the delineation of their boundaries might help in the decision for diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, it may help to promote interventions focused on the prevention of both schizophrenia and ADHD, by the reduction of recognized environmental risk factors.
文摘Cognitive impairment is a symptom of schizophrenia and strongly associated with impaired social function. In recent years, cognitive interventions (cognitive remediation therapies) have been implemented and their results have also been reported. Intervention studies have been conducted using a variety of methods that differ in terms of terminology, approach, and targeted cognitive domains. In this study, we examined trends in recent cognitive remediation research conducted subsequent to the meta-analyses of McGurk et al. (2007) and Wykes et al. (2011). We identified studies conducted between 2009 and 2013 to examine computer-assisted cognitive remediation and collated and analyzed the literature describing their major results and trends. Our results indicated improved cognitive performance subsequent to cognitive remediation therapy using computer programs. We found promising outcomes, particularly in reasoning and problem solving, verbal learning and memory, verbal working memory, and attention and vigilance, which replicated the findings of Wykes et al. (2011).
文摘目的探讨首发精神分裂症缺陷型与非缺陷型患者视觉图形记忆的差异。方法纳入199例首发未治疗精神分裂症患者及148名正常对照。采用缺陷型精神分裂症诊断量表中文版(Schedule for the Deficit Syn drome,SDS)将患者分为缺陷型(51例)和非缺陷型(148例)两组。使用视觉图形记忆(Pattern Recognition Memo ry,PRM)工具评定患者和对照的即刻与延迟时相图形记忆功能。用阳性与阴性症状量表(Positive and NegativeSymptom Scale,PANSS)评定两组患者的症状严重程度。结果与对照组比较,两患者组(除非缺陷型即刻时相反应时长外)所有图形记忆功能均较差(P<0.05)。两组患者间比较,即刻时相图形记忆功能差异无统计学意义([3751.00±2552.89)vs(.2999.80±1834.20),P=0.22;(86.49±15.34)vs(.87.28±16.00),P=0.96],而延迟时相缺陷型较非缺陷型反应时长更长([5086.80±7528.54)vs(.3527.40±3649.08),P<0.01],正确率更低([63.10±19.17)vs(.70.69±15.34),P<0.01]。图形记忆指标与缺陷型患者的阴性症状无相关性(P>0.05)。结论精神分裂症在疾病早期认知功能视觉图形记忆即受到损害。首发缺陷型精神分裂症图形记忆功能只有在延迟时相才与非缺陷型表现出差异,记忆反应时长在即刻与延迟时相始终延长。提示这是一类具有特征性的认知功能缺损特点的精神分裂症亚型。
文摘目的明确首发缺陷型和非缺陷型精神分裂症患者空间工作记忆损害的差异性,并了解损害是否与阴性症状相关。方法纳入116例首发精神分裂症患者及60名正常对照。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)对患者阳性症状和阴性症状进行评定,并采用缺陷型精神分裂症诊断量表中文版(schedule for the deficit syndrome,SDS)将患者分为缺陷型(28例)和非缺陷型(88例)。使用剑桥神经认知自动化成套测试软件(Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery,CANTAB)中的空间工作记忆(spatial working memory,SWM)测试工具对患者和对照组进行测试。结果校正年龄、性别、受教育年限等因素后,缺陷型患者组在4方块任务组间错误(P=0.03)、6方块任务组间错误(P=0.01)、8方块任务组间错误(P=0.03)、总错误(P=0.01)、策略(P<0.01)等SWM指标中成绩均差于非缺陷型患者组,并且两组均差于对照组(均P<0.01)。缺陷型患者组与非缺陷型患者组的SWM损害与阴性症状无统计学相关性(P>0.05)。结论疾病早期,缺陷型精神分裂症患者的空间工作记忆损害就重于非缺陷型,提示二者可能是不同的亚型。
